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* tcg: Transition flat op_defs array to a target callbackRichard Henderson2017-01-101-2/+12
| | | | | | | | This will allow the target to tailor the constraints to the auto-detected ISA extensions. Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg/arm: Implement field extraction opcodesRichard Henderson2017-01-102-2/+26
| | | | | Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg/arm: Move isa detection to tcg-target.hRichard Henderson2017-01-102-44/+33Star
| | | | | | | | This allows us to use this detection within the TCG_TARGET_HAS_* macros, instead of requiring a function call into tcg-target.inc.c. Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: Add field extraction primitivesRichard Henderson2017-01-101-0/+2
| | | | | | | | Adds tcg_gen_extract_* and tcg_gen_sextract_* for extraction of fixed position bitfields, much like we already have for deposit. Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg/arm: Add support for fencePranith Kumar2016-09-161-0/+18
| | | | | | | | Cc: Andrzej Zaborowski <balrogg@gmail.com> Cc: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com> Message-Id: <20160714202026.9727-5-bobby.prani@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: Support arbitrary size + alignmentRichard Henderson2016-09-161-7/+12
| | | | | | | | | | | Previously we allowed fully unaligned operations, but not operations that are aligned but with less alignment than the operation size. In addition, arm32, ia64, mips, and sparc had been omitted from the previous overalignment patch, which would have led to that alignment being enforced. Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: Clean up tcg-target.h header guardsMarkus Armbruster2016-07-121-2/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | These use guard symbols like TCG_TARGET_$target. scripts/clean-header-guards.pl doesn't like them because they don't match their file name (they should, to make guard collisions less likely). Clean them up: use guard symbol $target_TCG_TARGET_H for tcg/$target/tcg-target.h. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: Optimize spills of constantsRichard Henderson2016-07-061-0/+6
| | | | | | | | | | | While we can store constants via constrants on INDEX_op_st_i32 et al, we weren't able to spill constants to backing store. Add a new backend interface, tcg_out_sti, which may store the constant (and is allowed to fail). Rearrange the temp_* helpers so that we only attempt to directly store a constant when the temp is becoming dead/free. Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: Clean up direct block chaining data fieldsSergey Fedorov2016-05-131-4/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Briefly describe in a comment how direct block chaining is done. It should help in understanding of the following data fields. Rename some fields in TranslationBlock and TCGContext structures to better reflect their purpose (dropping excessive 'tb_' prefix in TranslationBlock but keeping it in TCGContext): tb_next_offset => jmp_reset_offset tb_jmp_offset => jmp_insn_offset tb_next => jmp_target_addr jmp_next => jmp_list_next jmp_first => jmp_list_first Avoid using a magic constant as an invalid offset which is used to indicate that there's no n-th jump generated. Signed-off-by: Sergey Fedorov <serge.fdrv@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Sergey Fedorov <sergey.fedorov@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg/arm: Make direct jump patching thread-safeSergey Fedorov2016-05-131-0/+18
| | | | | | | | | | Ensure direct jump patching in ARM is atomic by using atomic_read()/atomic_set() for code patching. Signed-off-by: Sergey Fedorov <serge.fdrv@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Sergey Fedorov <sergey.fedorov@linaro.org> Message-Id: <1461341333-19646-8-git-send-email-sergey.fedorov@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: check for CONFIG_DEBUG_TCG instead of NDEBUGAurelien Jarno2016-04-211-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | Check for CONFIG_DEBUG_TCG instead of NDEBUG, drop now useless code. Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net> Signed-off-by: Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net> Message-id: 1461228530-14852-2-git-send-email-aurelien@aurel32.net Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
* tcg: use tcg_debug_assert instead of assert (fix performance regression)Aurelien Jarno2016-04-211-6/+6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The TCG code is quite performance sensitive, but at the same time can also be quite tricky. That is why asserts that can be enabled with the --enable-debug-tcg configure option. This used to work the following way: | #include "config.h" | | ... | | #if !defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_TCG) && !defined(NDEBUG) | /* define it to suppress various consistency checks (faster) */ | #define NDEBUG | #endif | | ... | | #include <assert.h> Since commit 757e725b (tcg: Clean up includes) "config.h" as been replaced by "qemu/osdep.h" which itself includes <assert.h>. As a consequence the assertions are always enabled, even when using --disable-debug-tcg, causing a performance regression, especially on targets with many registers. For instance on qemu-system-ppc the speed difference is about 15%. tcg_debug_assert is controlled directly by CONFIG_DEBUG_TCG and already uses in some places. This patch replaces all the calls to assert into calss to tcg_debug_assert. Cc: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org> Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net> Signed-off-by: Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net> Message-id: 1461228530-14852-1-git-send-email-aurelien@aurel32.net Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
* tcg: Remove unnecessary osdep.h includes from tcg-target.inc.cPeter Maydell2016-02-231-1/+0Star
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commit 757e725b58c57d added a number of #include "qemu/osdep.h" files to the tcg-target.c files (as they were named at the time). These are unnecessary because these files are not standalone C files, and the tcg/tcg.c file which includes them will have already included osdep.h on their behalf. Remove the unneeded include directives. Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org> Message-Id: <1456238983-10160-4-git-send-email-peter.maydell@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: Rename tcg-target.c to tcg-target.inc.cPeter Maydell2016-02-231-0/+0
| | | | | | | | | | | Rename the per-architecture tcg-target.c files to tcg-target.inc.c. This makes it clearer that they are not intended to be standalone C files, but are instead #included into another source file. Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org> Message-Id: <1456238983-10160-2-git-send-email-peter.maydell@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: Clean up includesPeter Maydell2016-01-291-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | Clean up includes so that osdep.h is included first and headers which it implies are not included manually. This commit was created with scripts/clean-includes. Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org> Message-id: 1453832250-766-16-git-send-email-peter.maydell@linaro.org
* linux-user: remove useless macros GUEST_BASE and RESERVED_VALaurent Vivier2015-08-241-4/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | As we have removed CONFIG_USE_GUEST_BASE, we always use a guest base and the macros GUEST_BASE and RESERVED_VA become useless: replace them by their values. Reviewed-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu> Message-Id: <1440420834-8388-1-git-send-email-laurent@vivier.eu> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: Mask TCGMemOp appropriately for indexingRichard Henderson2015-06-091-3/+3
| | | | | | | | | | The addition of MO_AMASK means that places that used inverted masks need to be changed to use positive masks, and places that failed to mask the intended bits need updating. Reviewed-by: Yongbok Kim <yongbok.kim@imgtec.com> Tested-by: Yongbok Kim <yongbok.kim@imgtec.com> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: add TCG_TARGET_TLB_DISPLACEMENT_BITSPaolo Bonzini2015-06-031-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | This will be used to size the TLB when more than 8 MMU modes are used by the target. Limitations come from the limited size of the immediate fields (which sometimes, as in the case of Aarch64, extend to instructions that shift the immediate). Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Message-Id: <1424436345-37924-2-git-send-email-pbonzini@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net> Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
* tcg: Push merged memop+mmu_idx parameter to softmmu routinesRichard Henderson2015-05-141-13/+14
| | | | | | | | The extra information is not yet used but it is now available. This requires minor changes through all of the tcg backends. Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: Merge memop and mmu_idx parameters to qemu_ld/stRichard Henderson2015-05-141-4/+8
| | | | | | | | | At the tcg opcode level, not at the tcg-op.h generator level. This requires minor changes through all of the tcg backends, but none of the cpu translators. Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: Change generator-side labels to a pointerRichard Henderson2015-03-131-7/+7
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This is less about improved type checking than enabling a subsequent change to the representation of labels. Acked-by: Claudio Fontana <claudio.fontana@huawei.com> Tested-by: Claudio Fontana <claudio.fontana@huawei.com> Cc: Andrzej Zaborowski <balrogg@gmail.com> Cc: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org> Cc: Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net> Cc: Blue Swirl <blauwirbel@gmail.com> Cc: Stefan Weil <sw@weilnetz.de> Reviewed-by: Bastian Koppelmann <kbastian@mail.uni-paderborn.de> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: Remove TCG_TARGET_HAS_new_ldstRichard Henderson2014-06-041-2/+0Star
| | | | | | | Since all backends have been converted, remove the compatibility code. Acked-by: Claudio Fontana <claudio.fontana@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg-arm: Make debug_frame constRichard Henderson2014-05-281-13/+9Star
| | | | Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: Remove unreachable code in tcg_out_op and op_defsRichard Henderson2014-05-121-29/+3Star
| | | | | | | | | | | The INDEX_op_call case has just been obsoleted; the mov and movi cases have not been reachable for years. Attempt to document this both in each tcg_out_op switch, and via TCG_OPF_NOT_PRESENT. Because of the TCG_OPF_NOT_PRESENT change, this must be done for all targets in a single commit. Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg-arm: Define TCG_TARGET_INSN_UNIT_SIZERichard Henderson2014-05-122-96/+55Star
| | | | | | | And use tcg pointer differencing functions as appropriate. Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: Use HOST_WORDS_BIGENDIANRichard Henderson2014-04-191-1/+0Star
| | | | | | Instead of rolling a local TCG_TARGET_WORDS_BIGENDIAN. Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: Relax requirement for mulu2_i32 on 32-bit hostsRichard Henderson2014-04-191-0/+1
| | | | | | | Instead require either mulu2_i32 or muluh_i32. The code in tcg-op.h already supports looking for both. Previous incomplete conversion? Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: Add TCGType parameter to tcg_target_const_matchRichard Henderson2014-04-191-1/+1
| | | | | | | | Most 64-bit targets need to be able to ignore the high bits of a TCG_TYPE_I32 value. Suggested-by: Stuart Brady <sdb@zubnet.me.uk> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: Fix warning (1 bit signed bitfield entry) and replace int by boolStefan Weil2014-04-191-3/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | Static code analyzers complain about signed bitfields with only a single bit. is_ld is used as a boolean value, so make it bool. ppc64 already used bool for the 2nd argument is_ld of the local function add_qemu_ldst_label. Modify all other TCG targets to do follow this example. Signed-off-by: Stefan Weil <sw@weilnetz.de> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg-arm: Avoid ldrd/strd for user-only emulationRichard Henderson2014-03-271-4/+17
| | | | | | | | | | | | The arm ldrd/strd insns must cause alignment traps, whereas at least for armv7 ldr/str must handle unaligned operations. While this is hardly the only problem facing user-only emu, this solves one problem for i386 on armv7 emulation. Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org> Reported-by: Huw Davies <huw@codeweavers.com> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg-arm: The shift count of op_rotl_i32 is in args[2] not args[1].Huw Davies2014-02-171-1/+1
| | | | | | | | It's this that should be subtracted from 0x20 when converting to a right rotate. Cc: qemu-stable@nongnu.org Signed-off-by: Huw Davies <huw@codeweavers.com> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg-arm: Use qemu_getauxvalRichard Henderson2013-11-291-9/+5Star
| | | | | | | Allow host detection on linux systems without glibc 2.16 or later. Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg-arm: Improve GUEST_BASE qemu_ld/stRichard Henderson2013-10-131-104/+116
| | | | | | | | | | | | If we pull the code to emit the actual load/store into a subroutine, we can share the reg+reg addressing mode code between softmmu and usermode. This lets us load GUEST_BASE into a temporary register rather than attempting to add it piece-wise to the address. Which lets us use movw+movt for armv7, rather than (up to) 4 adds. Code size for pre-armv7 stays the same. Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg-arm: Convert to new ldst opcodesRichard Henderson2013-10-132-71/+38Star
| | | | Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg-arm: Tidy variable naming convention in qemu_ld/stRichard Henderson2013-10-131-115/+115
| | | | | | | | | s/addr_reg2/addrhi/ s/addr_reg/addrlo/ s/data_reg2/datahi/ s/data_reg/datalo/ Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg-arm: Convert to le/be ldst helpersRichard Henderson2013-10-131-21/+29
| | | | Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg-arm: Use TCGMemOp within qemu_ldst routinesRichard Henderson2013-10-131-64/+61Star
| | | | Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: Add qemu_ld_st_i32/64Richard Henderson2013-10-101-0/+2
| | | | | | | Step two in the transition, adding the new ldst opcodes. Keep the old opcodes around until all backends support the new opcodes. Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: Add tcg-be-ldst.hRichard Henderson2013-10-101-24/+3Star
| | | | | | Move TCGLabelQemuLdst and related stuff out of tcg.h. Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg-arm: Move the tlb addend load earlierRichard Henderson2013-10-011-5/+6
| | | | | | | | There are free scheduling slots between the sequence of comparison instructions. This requires changing the register in use to avoid conflict with those compares. Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg-arm: Remove restriction on qemu_ld output registerRichard Henderson2013-10-011-24/+34
| | | | | | | | | The main intent of the patch is to allow the tlb addend register to be changed, without tying that change to the constraint. But the most common side-effect seems to be to enable usage of ldrd with the r0,r1 pair. Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg-arm: Return register containing tlb addendRichard Henderson2013-10-011-29/+30
| | | | | | | Preparatory to rescheduling the tlb load, and changing said register. Continues to use R1 for now. Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg-arm: Move load of tlb addend into tcg_out_tlb_readRichard Henderson2013-10-011-37/+23Star
| | | | | | | | This allows us to make more intelligent decisions about the relative offsets of the tlb comparator and the addend, avoiding any need of writeback addressing. Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg-arm: Use QEMU_BUILD_BUG_ON to verify constraints on tlbRichard Henderson2013-10-011-5/+10
| | | | | | | One of the two constraints we already checked via #if, but the tlb offset distance was only checked at runtime. Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg-arm: Use strd for tcg_out_arg_reg64Richard Henderson2013-10-011-3/+10
| | | | Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg-arm: Rearrange slow-path qemu_ld/stRichard Henderson2013-10-011-90/+87Star
| | | | | | | | Use the new helper_ret_*_mmu routines. Use a conditional call to arrange for a tail-call from the store path, and to load the return address for the helper for the load path. Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg-arm: Use ldrd/strd for appropriate qemu_ld/st64Richard Henderson2013-10-011-5/+43
| | | | | Reviewed-by: Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* exec: Split softmmu_defs.hRichard Henderson2013-09-021-2/+0Star
| | | | | | | | | | | The _cmmu helpers can be moved to exec-all.h. The helpers that are used from TCG will shortly need access to tcg_target_long so move their declarations into tcg.h. This requires minor include adjustments to all TCG backends. Reviewed-by: Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: Change tcg_out_ld/st offset to intptr_tRichard Henderson2013-09-021-2/+2
| | | | | Reviewed-by: Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
* tcg: Change relocation offsets to intptr_tRichard Henderson2013-09-021-4/+4
| | | | | Reviewed-by: Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
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/*
 * Virtio Block Device
 *
 * Copyright IBM, Corp. 2007
 *
 * Authors:
 *  Anthony Liguori   <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
 *
 * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.  See
 * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
 *
 */

#include "qemu/osdep.h"
#include "qapi/error.h"
#include "qemu/iov.h"
#include "qemu/module.h"
#include "qemu/error-report.h"
#include "qemu/main-loop.h"
#include "trace.h"
#include "hw/block/block.h"
#include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
#include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
#include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
#include "sysemu/runstate.h"
#include "hw/virtio/virtio-blk.h"
#include "dataplane/virtio-blk.h"
#include "scsi/constants.h"
#ifdef __linux__
# include <scsi/sg.h>
#endif
#include "hw/virtio/virtio-bus.h"
#include "migration/qemu-file-types.h"
#include "hw/virtio/virtio-access.h"

/* Config size before the discard support (hide associated config fields) */
#define VIRTIO_BLK_CFG_SIZE offsetof(struct virtio_blk_config, \
                                     max_discard_sectors)
/*
 * Starting from the discard feature, we can use this array to properly
 * set the config size depending on the features enabled.
 */
static VirtIOFeature feature_sizes[] = {
    {.flags = 1ULL << VIRTIO_BLK_F_DISCARD,
     .end = endof(struct virtio_blk_config, discard_sector_alignment)},
    {.flags = 1ULL << VIRTIO_BLK_F_WRITE_ZEROES,
     .end = endof(struct virtio_blk_config, write_zeroes_may_unmap)},
    {}
};

static void virtio_blk_set_config_size(VirtIOBlock *s, uint64_t host_features)
{
    s->config_size = MAX(VIRTIO_BLK_CFG_SIZE,
        virtio_feature_get_config_size(feature_sizes, host_features));

    assert(s->config_size <= sizeof(struct virtio_blk_config));
}

static void virtio_blk_init_request(VirtIOBlock *s, VirtQueue *vq,
                                    VirtIOBlockReq *req)
{
    req->dev = s;
    req->vq = vq;
    req->qiov.size = 0;
    req->in_len = 0;
    req->next = NULL;
    req->mr_next = NULL;
}

static void virtio_blk_free_request(VirtIOBlockReq *req)
{
    g_free(req);
}

static void virtio_blk_req_complete(VirtIOBlockReq *req, unsigned char status)
{
    VirtIOBlock *s = req->dev;
    VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(s);

    trace_virtio_blk_req_complete(vdev, req, status);

    stb_p(&req->in->status, status);
    virtqueue_push(req->vq, &req->elem, req->in_len);
    if (s->dataplane_started && !s->dataplane_disabled) {
        virtio_blk_data_plane_notify(s->dataplane, req->vq);
    } else {
        virtio_notify(vdev, req->vq);
    }
}

static int virtio_blk_handle_rw_error(VirtIOBlockReq *req, int error,
    bool is_read, bool acct_failed)
{
    VirtIOBlock *s = req->dev;
    BlockErrorAction action = blk_get_error_action(s->blk, is_read, error);

    if (action == BLOCK_ERROR_ACTION_STOP) {
        /* Break the link as the next request is going to be parsed from the
         * ring again. Otherwise we may end up doing a double completion! */
        req->mr_next = NULL;
        req->next = s->rq;
        s->rq = req;
    } else if (action == BLOCK_ERROR_ACTION_REPORT) {
        virtio_blk_req_complete(req, VIRTIO_BLK_S_IOERR);
        if (acct_failed) {
            block_acct_failed(blk_get_stats(s->blk), &req->acct);
        }
        virtio_blk_free_request(req);
    }

    blk_error_action(s->blk, action, is_read, error);
    return action != BLOCK_ERROR_ACTION_IGNORE;
}

static void virtio_blk_rw_complete(void *opaque, int ret)
{
    VirtIOBlockReq *next = opaque;
    VirtIOBlock *s = next->dev;
    VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(s);

    aio_context_acquire(blk_get_aio_context(s->conf.conf.blk));
    while (next) {
        VirtIOBlockReq *req = next;
        next = req->mr_next;
        trace_virtio_blk_rw_complete(vdev, req, ret);

        if (req->qiov.nalloc != -1) {
            /* If nalloc is != -1 req->qiov is a local copy of the original
             * external iovec. It was allocated in submit_requests to be
             * able to merge requests. */
            qemu_iovec_destroy(&req->qiov);
        }

        if (ret) {
            int p = virtio_ldl_p(VIRTIO_DEVICE(s), &req->out.type);
            bool is_read = !(p & VIRTIO_BLK_T_OUT);
            /* Note that memory may be dirtied on read failure.  If the
             * virtio request is not completed here, as is the case for
             * BLOCK_ERROR_ACTION_STOP, the memory may not be copied
             * correctly during live migration.  While this is ugly,
             * it is acceptable because the device is free to write to
             * the memory until the request is completed (which will
             * happen on the other side of the migration).
             */
            if (virtio_blk_handle_rw_error(req, -ret, is_read, true)) {
                continue;
            }
        }

        virtio_blk_req_complete(req, VIRTIO_BLK_S_OK);
        block_acct_done(blk_get_stats(s->blk), &req->acct);
        virtio_blk_free_request(req);
    }
    aio_context_release(blk_get_aio_context(s->conf.conf.blk));
}

static void virtio_blk_flush_complete(void *opaque, int ret)
{
    VirtIOBlockReq *req = opaque;
    VirtIOBlock *s = req->dev;

    aio_context_acquire(blk_get_aio_context(s->conf.conf.blk));
    if (ret) {
        if (virtio_blk_handle_rw_error(req, -ret, 0, true)) {
            goto out;
        }
    }

    virtio_blk_req_complete(req, VIRTIO_BLK_S_OK);
    block_acct_done(blk_get_stats(s->blk), &req->acct);
    virtio_blk_free_request(req);

out:
    aio_context_release(blk_get_aio_context(s->conf.conf.blk));
}

static void virtio_blk_discard_write_zeroes_complete(void *opaque, int ret)
{
    VirtIOBlockReq *req = opaque;
    VirtIOBlock *s = req->dev;
    bool is_write_zeroes = (virtio_ldl_p(VIRTIO_DEVICE(s), &req->out.type) &
                            ~VIRTIO_BLK_T_BARRIER) == VIRTIO_BLK_T_WRITE_ZEROES;

    aio_context_acquire(blk_get_aio_context(s->conf.conf.blk));
    if (ret) {
        if (virtio_blk_handle_rw_error(req, -ret, false, is_write_zeroes)) {
            goto out;
        }
    }

    virtio_blk_req_complete(req, VIRTIO_BLK_S_OK);
    if (is_write_zeroes) {
        block_acct_done(blk_get_stats(s->blk), &req->acct);
    }
    virtio_blk_free_request(req);

out:
    aio_context_release(blk_get_aio_context(s->conf.conf.blk));
}

#ifdef __linux__

typedef struct {
    VirtIOBlockReq *req;
    struct sg_io_hdr hdr;
} VirtIOBlockIoctlReq;

static void virtio_blk_ioctl_complete(void *opaque, int status)
{
    VirtIOBlockIoctlReq *ioctl_req = opaque;
    VirtIOBlockReq *req = ioctl_req->req;
    VirtIOBlock *s = req->dev;
    VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(s);
    struct virtio_scsi_inhdr *scsi;
    struct sg_io_hdr *hdr;

    scsi = (void *)req->elem.in_sg[req->elem.in_num - 2].iov_base;

    if (status) {
        status = VIRTIO_BLK_S_UNSUPP;
        virtio_stl_p(vdev, &scsi->errors, 255);
        goto out;
    }

    hdr = &ioctl_req->hdr;
    /*
     * From SCSI-Generic-HOWTO: "Some lower level drivers (e.g. ide-scsi)
     * clear the masked_status field [hence status gets cleared too, see
     * block/scsi_ioctl.c] even when a CHECK_CONDITION or COMMAND_TERMINATED
     * status has occurred.  However they do set DRIVER_SENSE in driver_status
     * field. Also a (sb_len_wr > 0) indicates there is a sense buffer.
     */
    if (hdr->status == 0 && hdr->sb_len_wr > 0) {
        hdr->status = CHECK_CONDITION;
    }

    virtio_stl_p(vdev, &scsi->errors,
                 hdr->status | (hdr->msg_status << 8) |
                 (hdr->host_status << 16) | (hdr->driver_status << 24));
    virtio_stl_p(vdev, &scsi->residual, hdr->resid);
    virtio_stl_p(vdev, &scsi->sense_len, hdr->sb_len_wr);
    virtio_stl_p(vdev, &scsi->data_len, hdr->dxfer_len);

out:
    aio_context_acquire(blk_get_aio_context(s->conf.conf.blk));
    virtio_blk_req_complete(req, status);
    virtio_blk_free_request(req);
    aio_context_release(blk_get_aio_context(s->conf.conf.blk));
    g_free(ioctl_req);
}

#endif

static VirtIOBlockReq *virtio_blk_get_request(VirtIOBlock *s, VirtQueue *vq)
{
    VirtIOBlockReq *req = virtqueue_pop(vq, sizeof(VirtIOBlockReq));

    if (req) {
        virtio_blk_init_request(s, vq, req);
    }
    return req;
}

static int virtio_blk_handle_scsi_req(VirtIOBlockReq *req)
{
    int status = VIRTIO_BLK_S_OK;
    struct virtio_scsi_inhdr *scsi = NULL;
    VirtIOBlock *blk = req->dev;
    VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(blk);
    VirtQueueElement *elem = &req->elem;

#ifdef __linux__
    int i;
    VirtIOBlockIoctlReq *ioctl_req;
    BlockAIOCB *acb;
#endif

    /*
     * We require at least one output segment each for the virtio_blk_outhdr
     * and the SCSI command block.
     *
     * We also at least require the virtio_blk_inhdr, the virtio_scsi_inhdr
     * and the sense buffer pointer in the input segments.
     */
    if (elem->out_num < 2 || elem->in_num < 3) {
        status = VIRTIO_BLK_S_IOERR;
        goto fail;
    }

    /*
     * The scsi inhdr is placed in the second-to-last input segment, just
     * before the regular inhdr.
     */
    scsi = (void *)elem->in_sg[elem->in_num - 2].iov_base;

    if (!virtio_has_feature(blk->host_features, VIRTIO_BLK_F_SCSI)) {
        status = VIRTIO_BLK_S_UNSUPP;
        goto fail;
    }

    /*
     * No support for bidirection commands yet.
     */
    if (elem->out_num > 2 && elem->in_num > 3) {
        status = VIRTIO_BLK_S_UNSUPP;
        goto fail;
    }

#ifdef __linux__
    ioctl_req = g_new0(VirtIOBlockIoctlReq, 1);
    ioctl_req->req = req;
    ioctl_req->hdr.interface_id = 'S';
    ioctl_req->hdr.cmd_len = elem->out_sg[1].iov_len;
    ioctl_req->hdr.cmdp = elem->out_sg[1].iov_base;
    ioctl_req->hdr.dxfer_len = 0;

    if (elem->out_num > 2) {
        /*
         * If there are more than the minimally required 2 output segments
         * there is write payload starting from the third iovec.
         */
        ioctl_req->hdr.dxfer_direction = SG_DXFER_TO_DEV;
        ioctl_req->hdr.iovec_count = elem->out_num - 2;

        for (i = 0; i < ioctl_req->hdr.iovec_count; i++) {
            ioctl_req->hdr.dxfer_len += elem->out_sg[i + 2].iov_len;
        }

        ioctl_req->hdr.dxferp = elem->out_sg + 2;

    } else if (elem->in_num > 3) {
        /*
         * If we have more than 3 input segments the guest wants to actually
         * read data.
         */
        ioctl_req->hdr.dxfer_direction = SG_DXFER_FROM_DEV;
        ioctl_req->hdr.iovec_count = elem->in_num - 3;
        for (i = 0; i < ioctl_req->hdr.iovec_count; i++) {
            ioctl_req->hdr.dxfer_len += elem->in_sg[i].iov_len;
        }

        ioctl_req->hdr.dxferp = elem->in_sg;
    } else {
        /*
         * Some SCSI commands don't actually transfer any data.
         */
        ioctl_req->hdr.dxfer_direction = SG_DXFER_NONE;
    }

    ioctl_req->hdr.sbp = elem->in_sg[elem->in_num - 3].iov_base;
    ioctl_req->hdr.mx_sb_len = elem->in_sg[elem->in_num - 3].iov_len;

    acb = blk_aio_ioctl(blk->blk, SG_IO, &ioctl_req->hdr,
                        virtio_blk_ioctl_complete, ioctl_req);
    if (!acb) {
        g_free(ioctl_req);
        status = VIRTIO_BLK_S_UNSUPP;
        goto fail;
    }
    return -EINPROGRESS;
#else
    abort();
#endif

fail:
    /* Just put anything nonzero so that the ioctl fails in the guest.  */
    if (scsi) {
        virtio_stl_p(vdev, &scsi->errors, 255);
    }
    return status;
}

static void virtio_blk_handle_scsi(VirtIOBlockReq *req)
{
    int status;

    status = virtio_blk_handle_scsi_req(req);
    if (status != -EINPROGRESS) {
        virtio_blk_req_complete(req, status);
        virtio_blk_free_request(req);
    }
}

static inline void submit_requests(BlockBackend *blk, MultiReqBuffer *mrb,
                                   int start, int num_reqs, int niov)
{
    QEMUIOVector *qiov = &mrb->reqs[start]->qiov;
    int64_t sector_num = mrb->reqs[start]->sector_num;
    bool is_write = mrb->is_write;

    if (num_reqs > 1) {
        int i;
        struct iovec *tmp_iov = qiov->iov;
        int tmp_niov = qiov->niov;

        /* mrb->reqs[start]->qiov was initialized from external so we can't
         * modify it here. We need to initialize it locally and then add the
         * external iovecs. */
        qemu_iovec_init(qiov, niov);

        for (i = 0; i < tmp_niov; i++) {
            qemu_iovec_add(qiov, tmp_iov[i].iov_base, tmp_iov[i].iov_len);
        }

        for (i = start + 1; i < start + num_reqs; i++) {
            qemu_iovec_concat(qiov, &mrb->reqs[i]->qiov, 0,
                              mrb->reqs[i]->qiov.size);
            mrb->reqs[i - 1]->mr_next = mrb->reqs[i];
        }

        trace_virtio_blk_submit_multireq(VIRTIO_DEVICE(mrb->reqs[start]->dev),
                                         mrb, start, num_reqs,
                                         sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
                                         qiov->size, is_write);
        block_acct_merge_done(blk_get_stats(blk),
                              is_write ? BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE : BLOCK_ACCT_READ,
                              num_reqs - 1);
    }

    if (is_write) {
        blk_aio_pwritev(blk, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, qiov, 0,
                        virtio_blk_rw_complete, mrb->reqs[start]);
    } else {
        blk_aio_preadv(blk, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, qiov, 0,
                       virtio_blk_rw_complete, mrb->reqs[start]);
    }
}

static int multireq_compare(const void *a, const void *b)
{
    const VirtIOBlockReq *req1 = *(VirtIOBlockReq **)a,
                         *req2 = *(VirtIOBlockReq **)b;

    /*
     * Note that we can't simply subtract sector_num1 from sector_num2
     * here as that could overflow the return value.
     */
    if (req1->sector_num > req2->sector_num) {
        return 1;
    } else if (req1->sector_num < req2->sector_num) {
        return -1;
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
}

static void virtio_blk_submit_multireq(BlockBackend *blk, MultiReqBuffer *mrb)
{
    int i = 0, start = 0, num_reqs = 0, niov = 0, nb_sectors = 0;
    uint32_t max_transfer;
    int64_t sector_num = 0;

    if (mrb->num_reqs == 1) {
        submit_requests(blk, mrb, 0, 1, -1);
        mrb->num_reqs = 0;
        return;
    }

    max_transfer = blk_get_max_transfer(mrb->reqs[0]->dev->blk);

    qsort(mrb->reqs, mrb->num_reqs, sizeof(*mrb->reqs),
          &multireq_compare);

    for (i = 0; i < mrb->num_reqs; i++) {
        VirtIOBlockReq *req = mrb->reqs[i];
        if (num_reqs > 0) {
            /*
             * NOTE: We cannot merge the requests in below situations:
             * 1. requests are not sequential
             * 2. merge would exceed maximum number of IOVs
             * 3. merge would exceed maximum transfer length of backend device
             */
            if (sector_num + nb_sectors != req->sector_num ||
                niov > blk_get_max_iov(blk) - req->qiov.niov ||
                req->qiov.size > max_transfer ||
                nb_sectors > (max_transfer -
                              req->qiov.size) / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) {
                submit_requests(blk, mrb, start, num_reqs, niov);
                num_reqs = 0;
            }
        }

        if (num_reqs == 0) {
            sector_num = req->sector_num;
            nb_sectors = niov = 0;
            start = i;
        }

        nb_sectors += req->qiov.size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
        niov += req->qiov.niov;
        num_reqs++;
    }

    submit_requests(blk, mrb, start, num_reqs, niov);
    mrb->num_reqs = 0;
}

static void virtio_blk_handle_flush(VirtIOBlockReq *req, MultiReqBuffer *mrb)
{
    VirtIOBlock *s = req->dev;

    block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(s->blk), &req->acct, 0,
                     BLOCK_ACCT_FLUSH);

    /*
     * Make sure all outstanding writes are posted to the backing device.
     */
    if (mrb->is_write && mrb->num_reqs > 0) {
        virtio_blk_submit_multireq(s->blk, mrb);
    }
    blk_aio_flush(s->blk, virtio_blk_flush_complete, req);
}

static bool virtio_blk_sect_range_ok(VirtIOBlock *dev,
                                     uint64_t sector, size_t size)
{
    uint64_t nb_sectors = size >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
    uint64_t total_sectors;

    if (nb_sectors > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS) {
        return false;
    }
    if (sector & dev->sector_mask) {
        return false;
    }
    if (size % dev->conf.conf.logical_block_size) {
        return false;
    }
    blk_get_geometry(dev->blk, &total_sectors);
    if (sector > total_sectors || nb_sectors > total_sectors - sector) {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

static uint8_t virtio_blk_handle_discard_write_zeroes(VirtIOBlockReq *req,
    struct virtio_blk_discard_write_zeroes *dwz_hdr, bool is_write_zeroes)
{
    VirtIOBlock *s = req->dev;
    VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(s);
    uint64_t sector;
    uint32_t num_sectors, flags, max_sectors;
    uint8_t err_status;
    int bytes;

    sector = virtio_ldq_p(vdev, &dwz_hdr->sector);
    num_sectors = virtio_ldl_p(vdev, &dwz_hdr->num_sectors);
    flags = virtio_ldl_p(vdev, &dwz_hdr->flags);
    max_sectors = is_write_zeroes ? s->conf.max_write_zeroes_sectors :
                  s->conf.max_discard_sectors;

    /*
     * max_sectors is at most BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS, this check
     * make us sure that "num_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS" can fit in
     * the integer variable.
     */
    if (unlikely(num_sectors > max_sectors)) {
        err_status = VIRTIO_BLK_S_IOERR;
        goto err;
    }

    bytes = num_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;

    if (unlikely(!virtio_blk_sect_range_ok(s, sector, bytes))) {
        err_status = VIRTIO_BLK_S_IOERR;
        goto err;
    }

    /*
     * The device MUST set the status byte to VIRTIO_BLK_S_UNSUPP for discard
     * and write zeroes commands if any unknown flag is set.
     */
    if (unlikely(flags & ~VIRTIO_BLK_WRITE_ZEROES_FLAG_UNMAP)) {
        err_status = VIRTIO_BLK_S_UNSUPP;
        goto err;
    }

    if (is_write_zeroes) { /* VIRTIO_BLK_T_WRITE_ZEROES */
        int blk_aio_flags = 0;

        if (flags & VIRTIO_BLK_WRITE_ZEROES_FLAG_UNMAP) {
            blk_aio_flags |= BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP;
        }

        block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(s->blk), &req->acct, bytes,
                         BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE);

        blk_aio_pwrite_zeroes(s->blk, sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
                              bytes, blk_aio_flags,
                              virtio_blk_discard_write_zeroes_complete, req);
    } else { /* VIRTIO_BLK_T_DISCARD */
        /*
         * The device MUST set the status byte to VIRTIO_BLK_S_UNSUPP for
         * discard commands if the unmap flag is set.
         */
        if (unlikely(flags & VIRTIO_BLK_WRITE_ZEROES_FLAG_UNMAP)) {
            err_status = VIRTIO_BLK_S_UNSUPP;
            goto err;
        }

        blk_aio_pdiscard(s->blk, sector << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, bytes,
                         virtio_blk_discard_write_zeroes_complete, req);
    }

    return VIRTIO_BLK_S_OK;

err:
    if (is_write_zeroes) {
        block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(s->blk), BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE);
    }
    return err_status;
}

static int virtio_blk_handle_request(VirtIOBlockReq *req, MultiReqBuffer *mrb)
{
    uint32_t type;
    struct iovec *in_iov = req->elem.in_sg;
    struct iovec *out_iov = req->elem.out_sg;
    unsigned in_num = req->elem.in_num;
    unsigned out_num = req->elem.out_num;
    VirtIOBlock *s = req->dev;
    VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(s);

    if (req->elem.out_num < 1 || req->elem.in_num < 1) {
        virtio_error(vdev, "virtio-blk missing headers");
        return -1;
    }

    if (unlikely(iov_to_buf(out_iov, out_num, 0, &req->out,
                            sizeof(req->out)) != sizeof(req->out))) {
        virtio_error(vdev, "virtio-blk request outhdr too short");
        return -1;
    }

    iov_discard_front(&out_iov, &out_num, sizeof(req->out));

    if (in_iov[in_num - 1].iov_len < sizeof(struct virtio_blk_inhdr)) {
        virtio_error(vdev, "virtio-blk request inhdr too short");
        return -1;
    }

    /* We always touch the last byte, so just see how big in_iov is.  */
    req->in_len = iov_size(in_iov, in_num);
    req->in = (void *)in_iov[in_num - 1].iov_base
              + in_iov[in_num - 1].iov_len
              - sizeof(struct virtio_blk_inhdr);
    iov_discard_back(in_iov, &in_num, sizeof(struct virtio_blk_inhdr));

    type = virtio_ldl_p(vdev, &req->out.type);

    /* VIRTIO_BLK_T_OUT defines the command direction. VIRTIO_BLK_T_BARRIER
     * is an optional flag. Although a guest should not send this flag if
     * not negotiated we ignored it in the past. So keep ignoring it. */
    switch (type & ~(VIRTIO_BLK_T_OUT | VIRTIO_BLK_T_BARRIER)) {
    case VIRTIO_BLK_T_IN:
    {
        bool is_write = type & VIRTIO_BLK_T_OUT;
        req->sector_num = virtio_ldq_p(vdev, &req->out.sector);

        if (is_write) {
            qemu_iovec_init_external(&req->qiov, out_iov, out_num);
            trace_virtio_blk_handle_write(vdev, req, req->sector_num,
                                          req->qiov.size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
        } else {
            qemu_iovec_init_external(&req->qiov, in_iov, in_num);
            trace_virtio_blk_handle_read(vdev, req, req->sector_num,
                                         req->qiov.size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
        }

        if (!virtio_blk_sect_range_ok(s, req->sector_num, req->qiov.size)) {
            virtio_blk_req_complete(req, VIRTIO_BLK_S_IOERR);
            block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(s->blk),
                               is_write ? BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE : BLOCK_ACCT_READ);
            virtio_blk_free_request(req);
            return 0;
        }

        block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(s->blk), &req->acct, req->qiov.size,
                         is_write ? BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE : BLOCK_ACCT_READ);

        /* merge would exceed maximum number of requests or IO direction
         * changes */
        if (mrb->num_reqs > 0 && (mrb->num_reqs == VIRTIO_BLK_MAX_MERGE_REQS ||
                                  is_write != mrb->is_write ||
                                  !s->conf.request_merging)) {
            virtio_blk_submit_multireq(s->blk, mrb);
        }

        assert(mrb->num_reqs < VIRTIO_BLK_MAX_MERGE_REQS);
        mrb->reqs[mrb->num_reqs++] = req;
        mrb->is_write = is_write;
        break;
    }
    case VIRTIO_BLK_T_FLUSH:
        virtio_blk_handle_flush(req, mrb);
        break;
    case VIRTIO_BLK_T_SCSI_CMD:
        virtio_blk_handle_scsi(req);
        break;
    case VIRTIO_BLK_T_GET_ID:
    {
        /*
         * NB: per existing s/n string convention the string is
         * terminated by '\0' only when shorter than buffer.
         */
        const char *serial = s->conf.serial ? s->conf.serial : "";
        size_t size = MIN(strlen(serial) + 1,
                          MIN(iov_size(in_iov, in_num),
                              VIRTIO_BLK_ID_BYTES));
        iov_from_buf(in_iov, in_num, 0, serial, size);
        virtio_blk_req_complete(req, VIRTIO_BLK_S_OK);
        virtio_blk_free_request(req);
        break;
    }
    /*
     * VIRTIO_BLK_T_DISCARD and VIRTIO_BLK_T_WRITE_ZEROES are defined with
     * VIRTIO_BLK_T_OUT flag set. We masked this flag in the switch statement,
     * so we must mask it for these requests, then we will check if it is set.
     */
    case VIRTIO_BLK_T_DISCARD & ~VIRTIO_BLK_T_OUT:
    case VIRTIO_BLK_T_WRITE_ZEROES & ~VIRTIO_BLK_T_OUT:
    {
        struct virtio_blk_discard_write_zeroes dwz_hdr;
        size_t out_len = iov_size(out_iov, out_num);
        bool is_write_zeroes = (type & ~VIRTIO_BLK_T_BARRIER) ==
                               VIRTIO_BLK_T_WRITE_ZEROES;
        uint8_t err_status;

        /*
         * Unsupported if VIRTIO_BLK_T_OUT is not set or the request contains
         * more than one segment.
         */
        if (unlikely(!(type & VIRTIO_BLK_T_OUT) ||
                     out_len > sizeof(dwz_hdr))) {
            virtio_blk_req_complete(req, VIRTIO_BLK_S_UNSUPP);
            virtio_blk_free_request(req);
            return 0;
        }

        if (unlikely(iov_to_buf(out_iov, out_num, 0, &dwz_hdr,
                                sizeof(dwz_hdr)) != sizeof(dwz_hdr))) {
            virtio_error(vdev, "virtio-blk discard/write_zeroes header"
                         " too short");
            return -1;
        }

        err_status = virtio_blk_handle_discard_write_zeroes(req, &dwz_hdr,
                                                            is_write_zeroes);
        if (err_status != VIRTIO_BLK_S_OK) {
            virtio_blk_req_complete(req, err_status);
            virtio_blk_free_request(req);
        }

        break;
    }
    default:
        virtio_blk_req_complete(req, VIRTIO_BLK_S_UNSUPP);
        virtio_blk_free_request(req);
    }
    return 0;
}

bool virtio_blk_handle_vq(VirtIOBlock *s, VirtQueue *vq)
{
    VirtIOBlockReq *req;
    MultiReqBuffer mrb = {};
    bool suppress_notifications = virtio_queue_get_notification(vq);
    bool progress = false;

    aio_context_acquire(blk_get_aio_context(s->blk));
    blk_io_plug(s->blk);

    do {
        if (suppress_notifications) {
            virtio_queue_set_notification(vq, 0);
        }

        while ((req = virtio_blk_get_request(s, vq))) {
            progress = true;
            if (virtio_blk_handle_request(req, &mrb)) {
                virtqueue_detach_element(req->vq, &req->elem, 0);
                virtio_blk_free_request(req);
                break;
            }
        }

        if (suppress_notifications) {
            virtio_queue_set_notification(vq, 1);
        }
    } while (!virtio_queue_empty(vq));

    if (mrb.num_reqs) {
        virtio_blk_submit_multireq(s->blk, &mrb);
    }

    blk_io_unplug(s->blk);
    aio_context_release(blk_get_aio_context(s->blk));
    return progress;
}

static void virtio_blk_handle_output_do(VirtIOBlock *s, VirtQueue *vq)
{
    virtio_blk_handle_vq(s, vq);
}

static void virtio_blk_handle_output(VirtIODevice *vdev, VirtQueue *vq)
{
    VirtIOBlock *s = (VirtIOBlock *)vdev;

    if (s->dataplane) {
        /* Some guests kick before setting VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_DRIVER_OK so start
         * dataplane here instead of waiting for .set_status().
         */
        virtio_device_start_ioeventfd(vdev);
        if (!s->dataplane_disabled) {
            return;
        }
    }
    virtio_blk_handle_output_do(s, vq);
}

static void virtio_blk_dma_restart_bh(void *opaque)
{
    VirtIOBlock *s = opaque;
    VirtIOBlockReq *req = s->rq;
    MultiReqBuffer mrb = {};

    qemu_bh_delete(s->bh);
    s->bh = NULL;

    s->rq = NULL;

    aio_context_acquire(blk_get_aio_context(s->conf.conf.blk));
    while (req) {
        VirtIOBlockReq *next = req->next;
        if (virtio_blk_handle_request(req, &mrb)) {
            /* Device is now broken and won't do any processing until it gets
             * reset. Already queued requests will be lost: let's purge them.
             */
            while (req) {
                next = req->next;
                virtqueue_detach_element(req->vq, &req->elem, 0);
                virtio_blk_free_request(req);
                req = next;
            }
            break;
        }
        req = next;
    }

    if (mrb.num_reqs) {
        virtio_blk_submit_multireq(s->blk, &mrb);
    }
    blk_dec_in_flight(s->conf.conf.blk);
    aio_context_release(blk_get_aio_context(s->conf.conf.blk));
}

static void virtio_blk_dma_restart_cb(void *opaque, int running,
                                      RunState state)
{
    VirtIOBlock *s = opaque;

    if (!running) {
        return;
    }

    if (!s->bh) {
        /* FIXME The data plane is not started yet, so these requests are
         * processed in the main thread. */
        s->bh = aio_bh_new(blk_get_aio_context(s->conf.conf.blk),
                           virtio_blk_dma_restart_bh, s);
        blk_inc_in_flight(s->conf.conf.blk);
        qemu_bh_schedule(s->bh);
    }
}

static void virtio_blk_reset(VirtIODevice *vdev)
{
    VirtIOBlock *s = VIRTIO_BLK(vdev);
    AioContext *ctx;
    VirtIOBlockReq *req;

    ctx = blk_get_aio_context(s->blk);
    aio_context_acquire(ctx);
    blk_drain(s->blk);

    /* We drop queued requests after blk_drain() because blk_drain() itself can
     * produce them. */
    while (s->rq) {
        req = s->rq;
        s->rq = req->next;
        virtqueue_detach_element(req->vq, &req->elem, 0);
        virtio_blk_free_request(req);
    }

    aio_context_release(ctx);

    assert(!s->dataplane_started);
    blk_set_enable_write_cache(s->blk, s->original_wce);
}

/* coalesce internal state, copy to pci i/o region 0
 */
static void virtio_blk_update_config(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint8_t *config)
{
    VirtIOBlock *s = VIRTIO_BLK(vdev);
    BlockConf *conf = &s->conf.conf;
    struct virtio_blk_config blkcfg;
    uint64_t capacity;
    int64_t length;
    int blk_size = conf->logical_block_size;

    blk_get_geometry(s->blk, &capacity);
    memset(&blkcfg, 0, sizeof(blkcfg));
    virtio_stq_p(vdev, &blkcfg.capacity, capacity);
    virtio_stl_p(vdev, &blkcfg.seg_max,
                 s->conf.seg_max_adjust ? s->conf.queue_size - 2 : 128 - 2);
    virtio_stw_p(vdev, &blkcfg.geometry.cylinders, conf->cyls);
    virtio_stl_p(vdev, &blkcfg.blk_size, blk_size);
    virtio_stw_p(vdev, &blkcfg.min_io_size, conf->min_io_size / blk_size);
    virtio_stw_p(vdev, &blkcfg.opt_io_size, conf->opt_io_size / blk_size);
    blkcfg.geometry.heads = conf->heads;
    /*
     * We must ensure that the block device capacity is a multiple of
     * the logical block size. If that is not the case, let's use
     * sector_mask to adopt the geometry to have a correct picture.
     * For those devices where the capacity is ok for the given geometry
     * we don't touch the sector value of the geometry, since some devices
     * (like s390 dasd) need a specific value. Here the capacity is already
     * cyls*heads*secs*blk_size and the sector value is not block size
     * divided by 512 - instead it is the amount of blk_size blocks
     * per track (cylinder).
     */
    length = blk_getlength(s->blk);
    if (length > 0 && length / conf->heads / conf->secs % blk_size) {
        blkcfg.geometry.sectors = conf->secs & ~s->sector_mask;
    } else {
        blkcfg.geometry.sectors = conf->secs;
    }
    blkcfg.size_max = 0;
    blkcfg.physical_block_exp = get_physical_block_exp(conf);
    blkcfg.alignment_offset = 0;
    blkcfg.wce = blk_enable_write_cache(s->blk);
    virtio_stw_p(vdev, &blkcfg.num_queues, s->conf.num_queues);
    if (virtio_has_feature(s->host_features, VIRTIO_BLK_F_DISCARD)) {
        virtio_stl_p(vdev, &blkcfg.max_discard_sectors,
                     s->conf.max_discard_sectors);
        virtio_stl_p(vdev, &blkcfg.discard_sector_alignment,
                     blk_size >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
        /*
         * We support only one segment per request since multiple segments
         * are not widely used and there are no userspace APIs that allow
         * applications to submit multiple segments in a single call.
         */
        virtio_stl_p(vdev, &blkcfg.max_discard_seg, 1);
    }
    if (virtio_has_feature(s->host_features, VIRTIO_BLK_F_WRITE_ZEROES)) {
        virtio_stl_p(vdev, &blkcfg.max_write_zeroes_sectors,
                     s->conf.max_write_zeroes_sectors);
        blkcfg.write_zeroes_may_unmap = 1;
        virtio_stl_p(vdev, &blkcfg.max_write_zeroes_seg, 1);
    }
    memcpy(config, &blkcfg, s->config_size);
}

static void virtio_blk_set_config(VirtIODevice *vdev, const uint8_t *config)
{
    VirtIOBlock *s = VIRTIO_BLK(vdev);
    struct virtio_blk_config blkcfg;

    memcpy(&blkcfg, config, s->config_size);

    aio_context_acquire(blk_get_aio_context(s->blk));
    blk_set_enable_write_cache(s->blk, blkcfg.wce != 0);
    aio_context_release(blk_get_aio_context(s->blk));
}

static uint64_t virtio_blk_get_features(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint64_t features,
                                        Error **errp)
{
    VirtIOBlock *s = VIRTIO_BLK(vdev);

    /* Firstly sync all virtio-blk possible supported features */
    features |= s->host_features;

    virtio_add_feature(&features, VIRTIO_BLK_F_SEG_MAX);
    virtio_add_feature(&features, VIRTIO_BLK_F_GEOMETRY);
    virtio_add_feature(&features, VIRTIO_BLK_F_TOPOLOGY);
    virtio_add_feature(&features, VIRTIO_BLK_F_BLK_SIZE);
    if (virtio_has_feature(features, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1)) {
        if (virtio_has_feature(s->host_features, VIRTIO_BLK_F_SCSI)) {
            error_setg(errp, "Please set scsi=off for virtio-blk devices in order to use virtio 1.0");
            return 0;
        }
    } else {
        virtio_clear_feature(&features, VIRTIO_F_ANY_LAYOUT);
        virtio_add_feature(&features, VIRTIO_BLK_F_SCSI);
    }

    if (blk_enable_write_cache(s->blk) ||
        (s->conf.x_enable_wce_if_config_wce &&
         virtio_has_feature(features, VIRTIO_BLK_F_CONFIG_WCE))) {
        virtio_add_feature(&features, VIRTIO_BLK_F_WCE);
    }
    if (blk_is_read_only(s->blk)) {
        virtio_add_feature(&features, VIRTIO_BLK_F_RO);
    }
    if (s->conf.num_queues > 1) {
        virtio_add_feature(&features, VIRTIO_BLK_F_MQ);
    }

    return features;
}

static void virtio_blk_set_status(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint8_t status)
{
    VirtIOBlock *s = VIRTIO_BLK(vdev);

    if (!(status & (VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_DRIVER | VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_DRIVER_OK))) {
        assert(!s->dataplane_started);
    }

    if (!(status & VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_DRIVER_OK)) {
        return;
    }

    /* A guest that supports VIRTIO_BLK_F_CONFIG_WCE must be able to send
     * cache flushes.  Thus, the "auto writethrough" behavior is never
     * necessary for guests that support the VIRTIO_BLK_F_CONFIG_WCE feature.
     * Leaving it enabled would break the following sequence:
     *
     *     Guest started with "-drive cache=writethrough"
     *     Guest sets status to 0
     *     Guest sets DRIVER bit in status field
     *     Guest reads host features (WCE=0, CONFIG_WCE=1)
     *     Guest writes guest features (WCE=0, CONFIG_WCE=1)
     *     Guest writes 1 to the WCE configuration field (writeback mode)
     *     Guest sets DRIVER_OK bit in status field
     *
     * s->blk would erroneously be placed in writethrough mode.
     */
    if (!virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_BLK_F_CONFIG_WCE)) {
        aio_context_acquire(blk_get_aio_context(s->blk));
        blk_set_enable_write_cache(s->blk,
                                   virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev,
                                                           VIRTIO_BLK_F_WCE));
        aio_context_release(blk_get_aio_context(s->blk));
    }
}

static void virtio_blk_save_device(VirtIODevice *vdev, QEMUFile *f)
{
    VirtIOBlock *s = VIRTIO_BLK(vdev);
    VirtIOBlockReq *req = s->rq;

    while (req) {
        qemu_put_sbyte(f, 1);

        if (s->conf.num_queues > 1) {
            qemu_put_be32(f, virtio_get_queue_index(req->vq));
        }

        qemu_put_virtqueue_element(vdev, f, &req->elem);
        req = req->next;
    }
    qemu_put_sbyte(f, 0);
}

static int virtio_blk_load_device(VirtIODevice *vdev, QEMUFile *f,
                                  int version_id)
{
    VirtIOBlock *s = VIRTIO_BLK(vdev);

    while (qemu_get_sbyte(f)) {
        unsigned nvqs = s->conf.num_queues;
        unsigned vq_idx = 0;
        VirtIOBlockReq *req;

        if (nvqs > 1) {
            vq_idx = qemu_get_be32(f);

            if (vq_idx >= nvqs) {
                error_report("Invalid virtqueue index in request list: %#x",
                             vq_idx);
                return -EINVAL;
            }
        }

        req = qemu_get_virtqueue_element(vdev, f, sizeof(VirtIOBlockReq));
        virtio_blk_init_request(s, virtio_get_queue(vdev, vq_idx), req);
        req->next = s->rq;
        s->rq = req;
    }

    return 0;
}

static void virtio_resize_cb(void *opaque)
{
    VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;

    assert(qemu_get_current_aio_context() == qemu_get_aio_context());
    virtio_notify_config(vdev);
}

static void virtio_blk_resize(void *opaque)
{
    VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(opaque);

    /*
     * virtio_notify_config() needs to acquire the global mutex,
     * so it can't be called from an iothread. Instead, schedule
     * it to be run in the main context BH.
     */
    aio_bh_schedule_oneshot(qemu_get_aio_context(), virtio_resize_cb, vdev);
}

static const BlockDevOps virtio_block_ops = {
    .resize_cb = virtio_blk_resize,
};

static void virtio_blk_device_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
{
    VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(dev);
    VirtIOBlock *s = VIRTIO_BLK(dev);
    VirtIOBlkConf *conf = &s->conf;
    Error *err = NULL;
    unsigned i;

    if (!conf->conf.blk) {
        error_setg(errp, "drive property not set");
        return;
    }
    if (!blk_is_inserted(conf->conf.blk)) {
        error_setg(errp, "Device needs media, but drive is empty");
        return;
    }
    if (!conf->num_queues) {
        error_setg(errp, "num-queues property must be larger than 0");
        return;
    }
    if (conf->queue_size <= 2) {
        error_setg(errp, "invalid queue-size property (%" PRIu16 "), "
                   "must be > 2", conf->queue_size);
        return;
    }
    if (!is_power_of_2(conf->queue_size) ||
        conf->queue_size > VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE) {
        error_setg(errp, "invalid queue-size property (%" PRIu16 "), "
                   "must be a power of 2 (max %d)",
                   conf->queue_size, VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE);
        return;
    }

    if (!blkconf_apply_backend_options(&conf->conf,
                                       blk_is_read_only(conf->conf.blk), true,
                                       errp)) {
        return;
    }
    s->original_wce = blk_enable_write_cache(conf->conf.blk);
    if (!blkconf_geometry(&conf->conf, NULL, 65535, 255, 255, errp)) {
        return;
    }

    blkconf_blocksizes(&conf->conf);

    if (conf->conf.logical_block_size >
        conf->conf.physical_block_size) {
        error_setg(errp,
                   "logical_block_size > physical_block_size not supported");
        return;
    }

    if (virtio_has_feature(s->host_features, VIRTIO_BLK_F_DISCARD) &&
        (!conf->max_discard_sectors ||
         conf->max_discard_sectors > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS)) {
        error_setg(errp, "invalid max-discard-sectors property (%" PRIu32 ")"
                   ", must be between 1 and %d",
                   conf->max_discard_sectors, (int)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
        return;
    }

    if (virtio_has_feature(s->host_features, VIRTIO_BLK_F_WRITE_ZEROES) &&
        (!conf->max_write_zeroes_sectors ||
         conf->max_write_zeroes_sectors > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS)) {
        error_setg(errp, "invalid max-write-zeroes-sectors property (%" PRIu32
                   "), must be between 1 and %d",
                   conf->max_write_zeroes_sectors,
                   (int)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
        return;
    }

    virtio_blk_set_config_size(s, s->host_features);

    virtio_init(vdev, "virtio-blk", VIRTIO_ID_BLOCK, s->config_size);

    s->blk = conf->conf.blk;
    s->rq = NULL;
    s->sector_mask = (s->conf.conf.logical_block_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) - 1;

    for (i = 0; i < conf->num_queues; i++) {
        virtio_add_queue(vdev, conf->queue_size, virtio_blk_handle_output);
    }
    virtio_blk_data_plane_create(vdev, conf, &s->dataplane, &err);
    if (err != NULL) {
        error_propagate(errp, err);
        virtio_cleanup(vdev);
        return;
    }

    s->change = qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(virtio_blk_dma_restart_cb, s);
    blk_set_dev_ops(s->blk, &virtio_block_ops, s);
    blk_set_guest_block_size(s->blk, s->conf.conf.logical_block_size);

    blk_iostatus_enable(s->blk);

    add_boot_device_lchs(dev, "/disk@0,0",
                         conf->conf.lcyls,
                         conf->conf.lheads,
                         conf->conf.lsecs);
}

static void virtio_blk_device_unrealize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
{
    VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(dev);
    VirtIOBlock *s = VIRTIO_BLK(dev);
    VirtIOBlkConf *conf = &s->conf;
    unsigned i;

    blk_drain(s->blk);
    del_boot_device_lchs(dev, "/disk@0,0");
    virtio_blk_data_plane_destroy(s->dataplane);
    s->dataplane = NULL;
    for (i = 0; i < conf->num_queues; i++) {
        virtio_del_queue(vdev, i);
    }
    qemu_del_vm_change_state_handler(s->change);
    blockdev_mark_auto_del(s->blk);
    virtio_cleanup(vdev);
}

static void virtio_blk_instance_init(Object *obj)
{
    VirtIOBlock *s = VIRTIO_BLK(obj);

    device_add_bootindex_property(obj, &s->conf.conf.bootindex,
                                  "bootindex", "/disk@0,0",
                                  DEVICE(obj), NULL);
}

static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_blk = {
    .name = "virtio-blk",
    .minimum_version_id = 2,
    .version_id = 2,
    .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
        VMSTATE_VIRTIO_DEVICE,
        VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
    },
};

static Property virtio_blk_properties[] = {
    DEFINE_BLOCK_PROPERTIES(VirtIOBlock, conf.conf),
    DEFINE_BLOCK_ERROR_PROPERTIES(VirtIOBlock, conf.conf),
    DEFINE_BLOCK_CHS_PROPERTIES(VirtIOBlock, conf.conf),
    DEFINE_PROP_STRING("serial", VirtIOBlock, conf.serial),
    DEFINE_PROP_BIT64("config-wce", VirtIOBlock, host_features,
                      VIRTIO_BLK_F_CONFIG_WCE, true),
#ifdef __linux__
    DEFINE_PROP_BIT64("scsi", VirtIOBlock, host_features,
                      VIRTIO_BLK_F_SCSI, false),
#endif
    DEFINE_PROP_BIT("request-merging", VirtIOBlock, conf.request_merging, 0,
                    true),
    DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("num-queues", VirtIOBlock, conf.num_queues, 1),
    DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("queue-size", VirtIOBlock, conf.queue_size, 256),
    DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("seg-max-adjust", VirtIOBlock, conf.seg_max_adjust, true),
    DEFINE_PROP_LINK("iothread", VirtIOBlock, conf.iothread, TYPE_IOTHREAD,
                     IOThread *),
    DEFINE_PROP_BIT64("discard", VirtIOBlock, host_features,
                      VIRTIO_BLK_F_DISCARD, true),
    DEFINE_PROP_BIT64("write-zeroes", VirtIOBlock, host_features,
                      VIRTIO_BLK_F_WRITE_ZEROES, true),
    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("max-discard-sectors", VirtIOBlock,
                       conf.max_discard_sectors, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS),
    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("max-write-zeroes-sectors", VirtIOBlock,
                       conf.max_write_zeroes_sectors, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS),
    DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("x-enable-wce-if-config-wce", VirtIOBlock,
                     conf.x_enable_wce_if_config_wce, true),
    DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
};

static void virtio_blk_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
{
    DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
    VirtioDeviceClass *vdc = VIRTIO_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);

    device_class_set_props(dc, virtio_blk_properties);
    dc->vmsd = &vmstate_virtio_blk;
    set_bit(DEVICE_CATEGORY_STORAGE, dc->categories);
    vdc->realize = virtio_blk_device_realize;
    vdc->unrealize = virtio_blk_device_unrealize;
    vdc->get_config = virtio_blk_update_config;
    vdc->set_config = virtio_blk_set_config;
    vdc->get_features = virtio_blk_get_features;
    vdc->set_status = virtio_blk_set_status;
    vdc->reset = virtio_blk_reset;
    vdc->save = virtio_blk_save_device;
    vdc->load = virtio_blk_load_device;
    vdc->start_ioeventfd = virtio_blk_data_plane_start;
    vdc->stop_ioeventfd = virtio_blk_data_plane_stop;
}

static const TypeInfo virtio_blk_info = {
    .name = TYPE_VIRTIO_BLK,
    .parent = TYPE_VIRTIO_DEVICE,
    .instance_size = sizeof(VirtIOBlock),
    .instance_init = virtio_blk_instance_init,
    .class_init = virtio_blk_class_init,
};

static void virtio_register_types(void)
{
    type_register_static(&virtio_blk_info);
}

type_init(virtio_register_types)