From cdd346371e09709be8e46398bb097dc690a746f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dan Aloni Date: Sun, 28 May 2017 16:06:49 +0300 Subject: nvme: Fix get/set number of queues feature, again The number of queues that should be return by the admin command should: 1) Only mention the number of non-admin queues. 2) It is zero-based, meaning that '0 == one non-admin queue', '1 == two non-admin queues', and so forth. Because our `num_queues` means the number of queues _plus_ the admin queue, then the right calculation for the number returned from the admin command is `num_queues - 2`, combining the two requirements mentioned. The issue was discovered by reducing num_queues from 64 to 8 and running a Linux VM with an SMP parameter larger than that (e.g. 22). It tries to utilize all queues, and therefore fails with an invalid queue number when trying to queue I/Os on the last queue. Signed-off-by: Dan Aloni CC: Alex Friedman CC: Keith Busch CC: Stefan Hajnoczi Reviewed-by: Keith Busch Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi --- hw/block/nvme.c | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/hw/block/nvme.c b/hw/block/nvme.c index 6071dc12d8..9aa32692a3 100644 --- a/hw/block/nvme.c +++ b/hw/block/nvme.c @@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ static uint16_t nvme_get_feature(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeCmd *cmd, NvmeRequest *req) result = blk_enable_write_cache(n->conf.blk); break; case NVME_NUMBER_OF_QUEUES: - result = cpu_to_le32((n->num_queues - 1) | ((n->num_queues - 1) << 16)); + result = cpu_to_le32((n->num_queues - 2) | ((n->num_queues - 2) << 16)); break; default: return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR; @@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ static uint16_t nvme_set_feature(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeCmd *cmd, NvmeRequest *req) break; case NVME_NUMBER_OF_QUEUES: req->cqe.result = - cpu_to_le32((n->num_queues - 1) | ((n->num_queues - 1) << 16)); + cpu_to_le32((n->num_queues - 2) | ((n->num_queues - 2) << 16)); break; default: return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR; -- cgit v1.2.3-55-g7522 From faa8215c1778159803d6af9368b922d8ef61aee2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alberto Garcia Date: Thu, 24 Aug 2017 16:24:43 +0300 Subject: throttle: Fix wrong variable name in the header documentation The level of the burst bucket is stored in bkt.burst_level, not bkt.burst_length. Signed-off-by: Alberto Garcia Reviewed-by: Manos Pitsidianakis Message-id: 49aab2711d02f285567f3b3b13a113847af33812.1503580370.git.berto@igalia.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi --- include/qemu/throttle.h | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/include/qemu/throttle.h b/include/qemu/throttle.h index d056008c18..66a8ac10a4 100644 --- a/include/qemu/throttle.h +++ b/include/qemu/throttle.h @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ typedef enum { * - The bkt.avg rate does not apply until the bucket is full, * allowing the user to do bursts until then. The I/O limit during * bursts is bkt.max. To enforce this limit we keep an additional - * bucket in bkt.burst_length that leaks at a rate of bkt.max units + * bucket in bkt.burst_level that leaks at a rate of bkt.max units * per second. * * - Because of all of the above, the user can perform I/O at a -- cgit v1.2.3-55-g7522 From 0770a7a6466cc2dbf4ac91841173ad4488e1fbc7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alberto Garcia Date: Thu, 24 Aug 2017 16:24:44 +0300 Subject: throttle: Update the throttle_fix_bucket() documentation The way the throttling algorithm works is that requests start being throttled once the bucket level exceeds the burst limit. When we get there the bucket leaks at the level set by the user (bkt->avg), and that leak rate is what prevents guest I/O from exceeding the desired limit. If we don't allow bursts (i.e. bkt->max == 0) then we can start throttling requests immediately. The problem with keeping the threshold at 0 is that it only allows one request at a time, and as soon as there's a bit of I/O from the guest every other request will be throttled and performance will suffer considerably. That can even make the guest unable to reach the throttle limit if that limit is high enough, and that happens regardless of the block scheduler used by the guest. Increasing that threshold gives flexibility to the guest, allowing it to perform short bursts of I/O before being throttled. Increasing the threshold too much does not make a difference in the long run (because it's the leak rate what defines the actual throughput) but it does allow the guest to perform longer initial bursts and exceed the throttle limit for a short while. A burst value of bkt->avg / 10 allows the guest to perform 100ms' worth of I/O at the target rate without being throttled. Signed-off-by: Alberto Garcia Message-id: 31aae6645f0d1fbf3860fb2b528b757236f0c0a7.1503580370.git.berto@igalia.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi --- util/throttle.c | 11 +++-------- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/util/throttle.c b/util/throttle.c index b2a52b8b34..9a6bda813c 100644 --- a/util/throttle.c +++ b/util/throttle.c @@ -366,14 +366,9 @@ static void throttle_fix_bucket(LeakyBucket *bkt) /* zero bucket level */ bkt->level = bkt->burst_level = 0; - /* The following is done to cope with the Linux CFQ block scheduler - * which regroup reads and writes by block of 100ms in the guest. - * When they are two process one making reads and one making writes cfq - * make a pattern looking like the following: - * WWWWWWWWWWWRRRRRRRRRRRRRRWWWWWWWWWWWWWwRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR - * Having a max burst value of 100ms of the average will help smooth the - * throttling - */ + /* If bkt->max is 0 we still want to allow short bursts of I/O + * from the guest, otherwise every other request will be throttled + * and performance will suffer considerably. */ min = bkt->avg / 10; if (bkt->avg && !bkt->max) { bkt->max = min; -- cgit v1.2.3-55-g7522 From fa36f1b2ebcd9a7b2a58c8e12dfb1cc8596c23c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alberto Garcia Date: Thu, 24 Aug 2017 16:24:45 +0300 Subject: throttle: Make throttle_is_valid() a bit less verbose Use a pointer to the bucket instead of repeating cfg->buckets[i] all the time. This makes the code more concise and will help us expand the checks later and save a few line breaks. Signed-off-by: Alberto Garcia Message-id: 763ffc40a26b17d54cf93f5a999e4656049fcf0c.1503580370.git.berto@igalia.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi --- util/throttle.c | 15 +++++++-------- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/util/throttle.c b/util/throttle.c index 9a6bda813c..bde56fe3de 100644 --- a/util/throttle.c +++ b/util/throttle.c @@ -324,32 +324,31 @@ bool throttle_is_valid(ThrottleConfig *cfg, Error **errp) } for (i = 0; i < BUCKETS_COUNT; i++) { - if (cfg->buckets[i].avg < 0 || - cfg->buckets[i].max < 0 || - cfg->buckets[i].avg > THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX || - cfg->buckets[i].max > THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX) { + LeakyBucket *bkt = &cfg->buckets[i]; + if (bkt->avg < 0 || bkt->max < 0 || + bkt->avg > THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX || bkt->max > THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX) { error_setg(errp, "bps/iops/max values must be within [0, %lld]", THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX); return false; } - if (!cfg->buckets[i].burst_length) { + if (!bkt->burst_length) { error_setg(errp, "the burst length cannot be 0"); return false; } - if (cfg->buckets[i].burst_length > 1 && !cfg->buckets[i].max) { + if (bkt->burst_length > 1 && !bkt->max) { error_setg(errp, "burst length set without burst rate"); return false; } - if (cfg->buckets[i].max && !cfg->buckets[i].avg) { + if (bkt->max && !bkt->avg) { error_setg(errp, "bps_max/iops_max require corresponding" " bps/iops values"); return false; } - if (cfg->buckets[i].max && cfg->buckets[i].max < cfg->buckets[i].avg) { + if (bkt->max && bkt->max < bkt->avg) { error_setg(errp, "bps_max/iops_max cannot be lower than bps/iops"); return false; } -- cgit v1.2.3-55-g7522 From 2a8be39ebad013e506e31b069ddcce8993a957bf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alberto Garcia Date: Thu, 24 Aug 2017 16:24:46 +0300 Subject: throttle: Remove throttle_fix_bucket() / throttle_unfix_bucket() The throttling code can change internally the value of bkt->max if it hasn't been set by the user. The problem with this is that if we want to retrieve the original value we have to undo this change first. This is ugly and unnecessary: this patch removes the throttle_fix_bucket() and throttle_unfix_bucket() functions completely and moves the logic to throttle_compute_wait(). Signed-off-by: Alberto Garcia Reviewed-by: Manos Pitsidianakis Message-id: 5b0b9e1ac6eb208d709eddc7b09e7669a523bff3.1503580370.git.berto@igalia.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi --- util/throttle.c | 62 +++++++++++++++++++++------------------------------------ 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-) diff --git a/util/throttle.c b/util/throttle.c index bde56fe3de..4e80a7ea54 100644 --- a/util/throttle.c +++ b/util/throttle.c @@ -95,23 +95,36 @@ static int64_t throttle_do_compute_wait(double limit, double extra) int64_t throttle_compute_wait(LeakyBucket *bkt) { double extra; /* the number of extra units blocking the io */ + double bucket_size; /* I/O before throttling to bkt->avg */ + double burst_bucket_size; /* Before throttling to bkt->max */ if (!bkt->avg) { return 0; } - /* If the bucket is full then we have to wait */ - extra = bkt->level - bkt->max * bkt->burst_length; + if (!bkt->max) { + /* If bkt->max is 0 we still want to allow short bursts of I/O + * from the guest, otherwise every other request will be throttled + * and performance will suffer considerably. */ + bucket_size = bkt->avg / 10; + burst_bucket_size = 0; + } else { + /* If we have a burst limit then we have to wait until all I/O + * at burst rate has finished before throttling to bkt->avg */ + bucket_size = bkt->max * bkt->burst_length; + burst_bucket_size = bkt->max / 10; + } + + /* If the main bucket is full then we have to wait */ + extra = bkt->level - bucket_size; if (extra > 0) { return throttle_do_compute_wait(bkt->avg, extra); } - /* If the bucket is not full yet we have to make sure that we - * fulfill the goal of bkt->max units per second. */ + /* If the main bucket is not full yet we still have to check the + * burst bucket in order to enforce the burst limit */ if (bkt->burst_length > 1) { - /* We use 1/10 of the max value to smooth the throttling. - * See throttle_fix_bucket() for more details. */ - extra = bkt->burst_level - bkt->max / 10; + extra = bkt->burst_level - burst_bucket_size; if (extra > 0) { return throttle_do_compute_wait(bkt->max, extra); } @@ -357,31 +370,6 @@ bool throttle_is_valid(ThrottleConfig *cfg, Error **errp) return true; } -/* fix bucket parameters */ -static void throttle_fix_bucket(LeakyBucket *bkt) -{ - double min; - - /* zero bucket level */ - bkt->level = bkt->burst_level = 0; - - /* If bkt->max is 0 we still want to allow short bursts of I/O - * from the guest, otherwise every other request will be throttled - * and performance will suffer considerably. */ - min = bkt->avg / 10; - if (bkt->avg && !bkt->max) { - bkt->max = min; - } -} - -/* undo internal bucket parameter changes (see throttle_fix_bucket()) */ -static void throttle_unfix_bucket(LeakyBucket *bkt) -{ - if (bkt->max < bkt->avg) { - bkt->max = 0; - } -} - /* Used to configure the throttle * * @ts: the throttle state we are working on @@ -396,8 +384,10 @@ void throttle_config(ThrottleState *ts, ts->cfg = *cfg; + /* Zero bucket level */ for (i = 0; i < BUCKETS_COUNT; i++) { - throttle_fix_bucket(&ts->cfg.buckets[i]); + ts->cfg.buckets[i].level = 0; + ts->cfg.buckets[i].burst_level = 0; } ts->previous_leak = qemu_clock_get_ns(clock_type); @@ -410,13 +400,7 @@ void throttle_config(ThrottleState *ts, */ void throttle_get_config(ThrottleState *ts, ThrottleConfig *cfg) { - int i; - *cfg = ts->cfg; - - for (i = 0; i < BUCKETS_COUNT; i++) { - throttle_unfix_bucket(&cfg->buckets[i]); - } } -- cgit v1.2.3-55-g7522 From d00e6923b1e2c1bec7840b0a0706764493648527 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alberto Garcia Date: Thu, 24 Aug 2017 16:24:47 +0300 Subject: throttle: Make LeakyBucket.avg and LeakyBucket.max integer types Both the throttling limits set with the throttling.iops-* and throttling.bps-* options and their QMP equivalents defined in the BlockIOThrottle struct are integer values. Those limits are also reported in the BlockDeviceInfo struct and they are integers there as well. Therefore there's no reason to store them internally as double and do the conversion everytime we're setting or querying them, so this patch uses uint64_t for those types. Let's also use an unsigned type because we don't allow negative values anyway. LeakyBucket.level and LeakyBucket.burst_level do however remain double because their value changes depending on the fraction of time elapsed since the previous I/O operation. Signed-off-by: Alberto Garcia Message-id: f29b840422767b5be2c41c2dfdbbbf6c5f8fedf8.1503580370.git.berto@igalia.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi --- include/qemu/throttle.h | 4 ++-- tests/test-throttle.c | 3 ++- util/throttle.c | 7 +++---- 3 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/include/qemu/throttle.h b/include/qemu/throttle.h index 66a8ac10a4..6e31155fd4 100644 --- a/include/qemu/throttle.h +++ b/include/qemu/throttle.h @@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ typedef enum { */ typedef struct LeakyBucket { - double avg; /* average goal in units per second */ - double max; /* leaky bucket max burst in units */ + uint64_t avg; /* average goal in units per second */ + uint64_t max; /* leaky bucket max burst in units */ double level; /* bucket level in units */ double burst_level; /* bucket level in units (for computing bursts) */ unsigned burst_length; /* max length of the burst period, in seconds */ diff --git a/tests/test-throttle.c b/tests/test-throttle.c index 768f11dfed..41c0dd2529 100644 --- a/tests/test-throttle.c +++ b/tests/test-throttle.c @@ -284,13 +284,14 @@ static void test_enabled(void) for (i = 0; i < BUCKETS_COUNT; i++) { throttle_config_init(&cfg); set_cfg_value(false, i, 150); + g_assert(throttle_is_valid(&cfg, NULL)); g_assert(throttle_enabled(&cfg)); } for (i = 0; i < BUCKETS_COUNT; i++) { throttle_config_init(&cfg); set_cfg_value(false, i, -150); - g_assert(!throttle_enabled(&cfg)); + g_assert(!throttle_is_valid(&cfg, NULL)); } } diff --git a/util/throttle.c b/util/throttle.c index 4e80a7ea54..80660ffd2c 100644 --- a/util/throttle.c +++ b/util/throttle.c @@ -106,13 +106,13 @@ int64_t throttle_compute_wait(LeakyBucket *bkt) /* If bkt->max is 0 we still want to allow short bursts of I/O * from the guest, otherwise every other request will be throttled * and performance will suffer considerably. */ - bucket_size = bkt->avg / 10; + bucket_size = (double) bkt->avg / 10; burst_bucket_size = 0; } else { /* If we have a burst limit then we have to wait until all I/O * at burst rate has finished before throttling to bkt->avg */ bucket_size = bkt->max * bkt->burst_length; - burst_bucket_size = bkt->max / 10; + burst_bucket_size = (double) bkt->max / 10; } /* If the main bucket is full then we have to wait */ @@ -338,8 +338,7 @@ bool throttle_is_valid(ThrottleConfig *cfg, Error **errp) for (i = 0; i < BUCKETS_COUNT; i++) { LeakyBucket *bkt = &cfg->buckets[i]; - if (bkt->avg < 0 || bkt->max < 0 || - bkt->avg > THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX || bkt->max > THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX) { + if (bkt->avg > THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX || bkt->max > THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX) { error_setg(errp, "bps/iops/max values must be within [0, %lld]", THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX); return false; -- cgit v1.2.3-55-g7522 From 67335a4558d3cad2173aac0ce13b6c096b077c41 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alberto Garcia Date: Thu, 24 Aug 2017 16:24:48 +0300 Subject: throttle: Make burst_length 64bit and add range checks LeakyBucket.burst_length is defined as an unsigned integer but the code never checks for overflows and it only makes sure that the value is not 0. In practice this means that the user can set something like throttling.iops-total-max-length=4294967300 despite being larger than UINT_MAX and the final value after casting to unsigned int will be 4. This patch changes the data type to uint64_t. This does not increase the storage size of LeakyBucket, and allows us to assign the value directly from qemu_opt_get_number() or BlockIOThrottle and then do the checks directly in throttle_is_valid(). The value of burst_length does not have a specific upper limit, but since the bucket size is defined by max * burst_length we have to prevent overflows. Instead of going for UINT64_MAX or something similar this patch reuses THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX, which allows I/O bursts of 1 GiB/s for 10 days in a row. Signed-off-by: Alberto Garcia Message-id: 1b2e3049803f71cafb2e1fa1be4fb47147a0d398.1503580370.git.berto@igalia.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi --- include/qemu/throttle.h | 2 +- util/throttle.c | 5 +++++ 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/include/qemu/throttle.h b/include/qemu/throttle.h index 6e31155fd4..8e01885d29 100644 --- a/include/qemu/throttle.h +++ b/include/qemu/throttle.h @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ typedef struct LeakyBucket { uint64_t max; /* leaky bucket max burst in units */ double level; /* bucket level in units */ double burst_level; /* bucket level in units (for computing bursts) */ - unsigned burst_length; /* max length of the burst period, in seconds */ + uint64_t burst_length; /* max length of the burst period, in seconds */ } LeakyBucket; /* The following structure is used to configure a ThrottleState diff --git a/util/throttle.c b/util/throttle.c index 80660ffd2c..b8c524336c 100644 --- a/util/throttle.c +++ b/util/throttle.c @@ -354,6 +354,11 @@ bool throttle_is_valid(ThrottleConfig *cfg, Error **errp) return false; } + if (bkt->max && bkt->burst_length > THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX / bkt->max) { + error_setg(errp, "burst length too high for this burst rate"); + return false; + } + if (bkt->max && !bkt->avg) { error_setg(errp, "bps_max/iops_max require corresponding" " bps/iops values"); -- cgit v1.2.3-55-g7522 From d942feec979b1ad669ba43b8c9540a7e3cf75a3f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alberto Garcia Date: Thu, 24 Aug 2017 16:24:49 +0300 Subject: throttle: Test the valid range of config values Signed-off-by: Alberto Garcia Message-id: a57dd6274e1b6dc9c28769fec4c7ea543be5c5e3.1503580370.git.berto@igalia.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi --- tests/test-throttle.c | 77 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 77 insertions(+) diff --git a/tests/test-throttle.c b/tests/test-throttle.c index 41c0dd2529..bf7a5a648a 100644 --- a/tests/test-throttle.c +++ b/tests/test-throttle.c @@ -378,6 +378,82 @@ static void test_is_valid(void) test_is_valid_for_value(1, true); } +static void test_ranges(void) +{ + int i; + + for (i = 0; i < BUCKETS_COUNT; i++) { + LeakyBucket *b = &cfg.buckets[i]; + throttle_config_init(&cfg); + + /* avg = 0 means throttling is disabled, but the config is valid */ + b->avg = 0; + g_assert(throttle_is_valid(&cfg, NULL)); + g_assert(!throttle_enabled(&cfg)); + + /* These are valid configurations (values <= THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX) */ + b->avg = 1; + g_assert(throttle_is_valid(&cfg, NULL)); + + b->avg = THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX; + g_assert(throttle_is_valid(&cfg, NULL)); + + b->avg = THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX; + b->max = THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX; + g_assert(throttle_is_valid(&cfg, NULL)); + + /* Values over THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX are not allowed */ + b->avg = THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX + 1; + g_assert(!throttle_is_valid(&cfg, NULL)); + + b->avg = THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX; + b->max = THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX + 1; + g_assert(!throttle_is_valid(&cfg, NULL)); + + /* burst_length must be between 1 and THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX */ + b->avg = 1; + b->max = 1; + b->burst_length = 0; + g_assert(!throttle_is_valid(&cfg, NULL)); + + b->avg = 1; + b->max = 1; + b->burst_length = 1; + g_assert(throttle_is_valid(&cfg, NULL)); + + b->avg = 1; + b->max = 1; + b->burst_length = THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX; + g_assert(throttle_is_valid(&cfg, NULL)); + + b->avg = 1; + b->max = 1; + b->burst_length = THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX + 1; + g_assert(!throttle_is_valid(&cfg, NULL)); + + /* burst_length * max cannot exceed THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX */ + b->avg = 1; + b->max = 2; + b->burst_length = THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX / 2; + g_assert(throttle_is_valid(&cfg, NULL)); + + b->avg = 1; + b->max = 3; + b->burst_length = THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX / 2; + g_assert(!throttle_is_valid(&cfg, NULL)); + + b->avg = 1; + b->max = THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX; + b->burst_length = 1; + g_assert(throttle_is_valid(&cfg, NULL)); + + b->avg = 1; + b->max = THROTTLE_VALUE_MAX; + b->burst_length = 2; + g_assert(!throttle_is_valid(&cfg, NULL)); + } +} + static void test_max_is_missing_limit(void) { int i; @@ -669,6 +745,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) g_test_add_func("/throttle/config/enabled", test_enabled); g_test_add_func("/throttle/config/conflicting", test_conflicting_config); g_test_add_func("/throttle/config/is_valid", test_is_valid); + g_test_add_func("/throttle/config/ranges", test_ranges); g_test_add_func("/throttle/config/max", test_max_is_missing_limit); g_test_add_func("/throttle/config/iops_size", test_iops_size_is_missing_limit); -- cgit v1.2.3-55-g7522 From e916a6e88a4ff6c39cd6f62fb162a561c6b89de8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Eduardo Habkost Date: Tue, 29 Aug 2017 18:20:53 -0300 Subject: oslib-posix: Print errors before aborting on qemu_alloc_stack() If QEMU is running on a system that's out of memory and mmap() fails, QEMU aborts with no error message at all, making it hard to debug the reason for the failure. Add perror() calls that will print error information before aborting. Signed-off-by: Eduardo Habkost Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé Tested-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé Message-id: 20170829212053.6003-1-ehabkost@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi --- util/oslib-posix.c | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/util/oslib-posix.c b/util/oslib-posix.c index cacf0ef5e3..80086c549f 100644 --- a/util/oslib-posix.c +++ b/util/oslib-posix.c @@ -530,6 +530,7 @@ void *qemu_alloc_stack(size_t *sz) ptr = mmap(NULL, *sz, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0); if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) { + perror("failed to allocate memory for stack"); abort(); } @@ -544,6 +545,7 @@ void *qemu_alloc_stack(size_t *sz) guardpage = ptr; #endif if (mprotect(guardpage, pagesz, PROT_NONE) != 0) { + perror("failed to set up stack guard page"); abort(); } -- cgit v1.2.3-55-g7522 From c3a8fe331eb4310e2d058f1c15a817d255840323 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alberto Garcia Date: Tue, 29 Aug 2017 15:08:36 +0300 Subject: misc: Remove unused Error variables There's a few cases which we're passing an Error pointer to a function only to discard it immediately afterwards without checking it. In these cases we can simply remove the variable and pass NULL instead. Signed-off-by: Alberto Garcia Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé Reviewed-by: Eric Blake Message-id: 20170829120836.16091-1-berto@igalia.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi --- block/qcow.c | 12 +++--------- block/qcow2.c | 8 ++------ dump.c | 4 +--- 3 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-) diff --git a/block/qcow.c b/block/qcow.c index c08cdc4a7b..63904a26ee 100644 --- a/block/qcow.c +++ b/block/qcow.c @@ -454,13 +454,11 @@ static uint64_t get_cluster_offset(BlockDriverState *bs, start_sect = (offset & ~(s->cluster_size - 1)) >> 9; for(i = 0; i < s->cluster_sectors; i++) { if (i < n_start || i >= n_end) { - Error *err = NULL; memset(s->cluster_data, 0x00, 512); if (qcrypto_block_encrypt(s->crypto, start_sect + i, s->cluster_data, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, - &err) < 0) { - error_free(err); + NULL) < 0) { errno = EIO; return -1; } @@ -572,7 +570,6 @@ static coroutine_fn int qcow_co_readv(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num, QEMUIOVector hd_qiov; uint8_t *buf; void *orig_buf; - Error *err = NULL; if (qiov->niov > 1) { buf = orig_buf = qemu_try_blockalign(bs, qiov->size); @@ -637,7 +634,7 @@ static coroutine_fn int qcow_co_readv(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num, if (bs->encrypted) { assert(s->crypto); if (qcrypto_block_decrypt(s->crypto, sector_num, buf, - n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, &err) < 0) { + n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, NULL) < 0) { goto fail; } } @@ -660,7 +657,6 @@ done: return ret; fail: - error_free(err); ret = -EIO; goto done; } @@ -709,11 +705,9 @@ static coroutine_fn int qcow_co_writev(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num, break; } if (bs->encrypted) { - Error *err = NULL; assert(s->crypto); if (qcrypto_block_encrypt(s->crypto, sector_num, buf, - n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, &err) < 0) { - error_free(err); + n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, NULL) < 0) { ret = -EIO; break; } diff --git a/block/qcow2.c b/block/qcow2.c index 40ba26c111..fbfffadc76 100644 --- a/block/qcow2.c +++ b/block/qcow2.c @@ -1820,15 +1820,13 @@ static coroutine_fn int qcow2_co_preadv(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset, assert(s->crypto); assert((offset & (BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE - 1)) == 0); assert((cur_bytes & (BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE - 1)) == 0); - Error *err = NULL; if (qcrypto_block_decrypt(s->crypto, (s->crypt_physical_offset ? cluster_offset + offset_in_cluster : offset) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, cluster_data, cur_bytes, - &err) < 0) { - error_free(err); + NULL) < 0) { ret = -EIO; goto fail; } @@ -1942,7 +1940,6 @@ static coroutine_fn int qcow2_co_pwritev(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset, qemu_iovec_concat(&hd_qiov, qiov, bytes_done, cur_bytes); if (bs->encrypted) { - Error *err = NULL; assert(s->crypto); if (!cluster_data) { cluster_data = qemu_try_blockalign(bs->file->bs, @@ -1963,8 +1960,7 @@ static coroutine_fn int qcow2_co_pwritev(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset, cluster_offset + offset_in_cluster : offset) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, cluster_data, - cur_bytes, &err) < 0) { - error_free(err); + cur_bytes, NULL) < 0) { ret = -EIO; goto fail; } diff --git a/dump.c b/dump.c index d9090a24cc..a79773d0f7 100644 --- a/dump.c +++ b/dump.c @@ -1695,10 +1695,8 @@ static void dump_process(DumpState *s, Error **errp) static void *dump_thread(void *data) { - Error *err = NULL; DumpState *s = (DumpState *)data; - dump_process(s, &err); - error_free(err); + dump_process(s, NULL); return NULL; } -- cgit v1.2.3-55-g7522 From 47e1cb1f0a130baa438d895eff5d05004c9a9aa2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Stefan Hajnoczi Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2017 16:57:30 +0100 Subject: scripts: add argparse module for Python 2.6 compatibility The minimum Python version supported by QEMU is 2.6. The argparse standard library module was only added in Python 2.7. Many scripts would like to use argparse because it supports command-line sub-commands. This patch adds argparse. See the top of argparse.py for details. Suggested-by: Daniel P. Berrange Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi Acked-by: John Snow Message-id: 20170825155732.15665-2-stefanha@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi --- COPYING.PYTHON | 270 ++++++ scripts/argparse.py | 2406 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 2676 insertions(+) create mode 100644 COPYING.PYTHON create mode 100644 scripts/argparse.py diff --git a/COPYING.PYTHON b/COPYING.PYTHON new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4d3f1ef276 --- /dev/null +++ b/COPYING.PYTHON @@ -0,0 +1,270 @@ +A. HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE +========================== + +Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting +Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see http://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlands +as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python's +principal author, although it includes many contributions from others. + +In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for +National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see http://www.cnri.reston.va.us) +in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of the +software. + +In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to +BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. In October of the same +year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations (now Zope +Corporation, see http://www.zope.com). In 2001, the Python Software +Foundation (PSF, see http://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a +non-profit organization created specifically to own Python-related +Intellectual Property. Zope Corporation is a sponsoring member of +the PSF. + +All Python releases are Open Source (see http://www.opensource.org for +the Open Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python +releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes +the various releases. + + Release Derived Year Owner GPL- + from compatible? (1) + + 0.9.0 thru 1.2 1991-1995 CWI yes + 1.3 thru 1.5.2 1.2 1995-1999 CNRI yes + 1.6 1.5.2 2000 CNRI no + 2.0 1.6 2000 BeOpen.com no + 1.6.1 1.6 2001 CNRI yes (2) + 2.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF no + 2.0.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF yes + 2.1.1 2.1+2.0.1 2001 PSF yes + 2.2 2.1.1 2001 PSF yes + 2.1.2 2.1.1 2002 PSF yes + 2.1.3 2.1.2 2002 PSF yes + 2.2.1 2.2 2002 PSF yes + 2.2.2 2.2.1 2002 PSF yes + 2.2.3 2.2.2 2003 PSF yes + 2.3 2.2.2 2002-2003 PSF yes + 2.3.1 2.3 2002-2003 PSF yes + 2.3.2 2.3.1 2002-2003 PSF yes + 2.3.3 2.3.2 2002-2003 PSF yes + 2.3.4 2.3.3 2004 PSF yes + 2.3.5 2.3.4 2005 PSF yes + 2.4 2.3 2004 PSF yes + 2.4.1 2.4 2005 PSF yes + 2.4.2 2.4.1 2005 PSF yes + 2.4.3 2.4.2 2006 PSF yes + 2.5 2.4 2006 PSF yes + 2.7 2.6 2010 PSF yes + +Footnotes: + +(1) GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under + the GPL. All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute + a modified version without making your changes open source. The + GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with + other software that is released under the GPL; the others don't. + +(2) According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible, + because its license has a choice of law clause. According to + CNRI, however, Stallman's lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1 + is "not incompatible" with the GPL. + +Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's +direction to make these releases possible. + + +B. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON +=============================================================== + +PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2 +-------------------------------------------- + +1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation +("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and +otherwise using this software ("Python") in source or binary form and +its associated documentation. + +2. 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All rights reserved. + +Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its +documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, +provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that +both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in +supporting documentation, and that the name of Stichting Mathematisch +Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to +distribution of the software without specific, written prior +permission. + +STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO +THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND +FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE +FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES +WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN +ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT +OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. diff --git a/scripts/argparse.py b/scripts/argparse.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..288c1f06c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/argparse.py @@ -0,0 +1,2406 @@ +# This is a local copy of the standard library argparse module taken from PyPI. +# It is licensed under the Python Software Foundation License. This is a +# fallback for Python 2.6 which does not include this module. Python 2.7+ and +# 3+ will never load this module because built-in modules are loaded before +# anything in sys.path. +# +# If your script is not located in the same directory as this file, import it +# like this: +# +# import os +# import sys +# sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), ..., 'scripts')) +# import argparse + +# Author: Steven J. Bethard . +# Maintainer: Thomas Waldmann + +"""Command-line parsing library + +This module is an optparse-inspired command-line parsing library that: + + - handles both optional and positional arguments + - produces highly informative usage messages + - supports parsers that dispatch to sub-parsers + +The following is a simple usage example that sums integers from the +command-line and writes the result to a file:: + + parser = argparse.ArgumentParser( + description='sum the integers at the command line') + parser.add_argument( + 'integers', metavar='int', nargs='+', type=int, + help='an integer to be summed') + parser.add_argument( + '--log', default=sys.stdout, type=argparse.FileType('w'), + help='the file where the sum should be written') + args = parser.parse_args() + args.log.write('%s' % sum(args.integers)) + args.log.close() + +The module contains the following public classes: + + - ArgumentParser -- The main entry point for command-line parsing. As the + example above shows, the add_argument() method is used to populate + the parser with actions for optional and positional arguments. Then + the parse_args() method is invoked to convert the args at the + command-line into an object with attributes. + + - ArgumentError -- The exception raised by ArgumentParser objects when + there are errors with the parser's actions. Errors raised while + parsing the command-line are caught by ArgumentParser and emitted + as command-line messages. + + - FileType -- A factory for defining types of files to be created. As the + example above shows, instances of FileType are typically passed as + the type= argument of add_argument() calls. + + - Action -- The base class for parser actions. Typically actions are + selected by passing strings like 'store_true' or 'append_const' to + the action= argument of add_argument(). However, for greater + customization of ArgumentParser actions, subclasses of Action may + be defined and passed as the action= argument. + + - HelpFormatter, RawDescriptionHelpFormatter, RawTextHelpFormatter, + ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter -- Formatter classes which + may be passed as the formatter_class= argument to the + ArgumentParser constructor. HelpFormatter is the default, + RawDescriptionHelpFormatter and RawTextHelpFormatter tell the parser + not to change the formatting for help text, and + ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter adds information about argument defaults + to the help. + +All other classes in this module are considered implementation details. +(Also note that HelpFormatter and RawDescriptionHelpFormatter are only +considered public as object names -- the API of the formatter objects is +still considered an implementation detail.) +""" + +__version__ = '1.4.0' # we use our own version number independant of the + # one in stdlib and we release this on pypi. + +__external_lib__ = True # to make sure the tests really test THIS lib, + # not the builtin one in Python stdlib + +__all__ = [ + 'ArgumentParser', + 'ArgumentError', + 'ArgumentTypeError', + 'FileType', + 'HelpFormatter', + 'ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter', + 'RawDescriptionHelpFormatter', + 'RawTextHelpFormatter', + 'Namespace', + 'Action', + 'ONE_OR_MORE', + 'OPTIONAL', + 'PARSER', + 'REMAINDER', + 'SUPPRESS', + 'ZERO_OR_MORE', +] + + +import copy as _copy +import os as _os +import re as _re +import sys as _sys +import textwrap as _textwrap + +from gettext import gettext as _ + +try: + set +except NameError: + # for python < 2.4 compatibility (sets module is there since 2.3): + from sets import Set as set + +try: + basestring +except NameError: + basestring = str + +try: + sorted +except NameError: + # for python < 2.4 compatibility: + def sorted(iterable, reverse=False): + result = list(iterable) + result.sort() + if reverse: + result.reverse() + return result + + +def _callable(obj): + return hasattr(obj, '__call__') or hasattr(obj, '__bases__') + + +SUPPRESS = '==SUPPRESS==' + +OPTIONAL = '?' +ZERO_OR_MORE = '*' +ONE_OR_MORE = '+' +PARSER = 'A...' +REMAINDER = '...' +_UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR = '_unrecognized_args' + +# ============================= +# Utility functions and classes +# ============================= + +class _AttributeHolder(object): + """Abstract base class that provides __repr__. + + The __repr__ method returns a string in the format:: + ClassName(attr=name, attr=name, ...) + The attributes are determined either by a class-level attribute, + '_kwarg_names', or by inspecting the instance __dict__. + """ + + def __repr__(self): + type_name = type(self).__name__ + arg_strings = [] + for arg in self._get_args(): + arg_strings.append(repr(arg)) + for name, value in self._get_kwargs(): + arg_strings.append('%s=%r' % (name, value)) + return '%s(%s)' % (type_name, ', '.join(arg_strings)) + + def _get_kwargs(self): + return sorted(self.__dict__.items()) + + def _get_args(self): + return [] + + +def _ensure_value(namespace, name, value): + if getattr(namespace, name, None) is None: + setattr(namespace, name, value) + return getattr(namespace, name) + + +# =============== +# Formatting Help +# =============== + +class HelpFormatter(object): + """Formatter for generating usage messages and argument help strings. + + Only the name of this class is considered a public API. All the methods + provided by the class are considered an implementation detail. + """ + + def __init__(self, + prog, + indent_increment=2, + max_help_position=24, + width=None): + + # default setting for width + if width is None: + try: + width = int(_os.environ['COLUMNS']) + except (KeyError, ValueError): + width = 80 + width -= 2 + + self._prog = prog + self._indent_increment = indent_increment + self._max_help_position = max_help_position + self._width = width + + self._current_indent = 0 + self._level = 0 + self._action_max_length = 0 + + self._root_section = self._Section(self, None) + self._current_section = self._root_section + + self._whitespace_matcher = _re.compile(r'\s+') + self._long_break_matcher = _re.compile(r'\n\n\n+') + + # =============================== + # Section and indentation methods + # =============================== + def _indent(self): + self._current_indent += self._indent_increment + self._level += 1 + + def _dedent(self): + self._current_indent -= self._indent_increment + assert self._current_indent >= 0, 'Indent decreased below 0.' + self._level -= 1 + + class _Section(object): + + def __init__(self, formatter, parent, heading=None): + self.formatter = formatter + self.parent = parent + self.heading = heading + self.items = [] + + def format_help(self): + # format the indented section + if self.parent is not None: + self.formatter._indent() + join = self.formatter._join_parts + for func, args in self.items: + func(*args) + item_help = join([func(*args) for func, args in self.items]) + if self.parent is not None: + self.formatter._dedent() + + # return nothing if the section was empty + if not item_help: + return '' + + # add the heading if the section was non-empty + if self.heading is not SUPPRESS and self.heading is not None: + current_indent = self.formatter._current_indent + heading = '%*s%s:\n' % (current_indent, '', self.heading) + else: + heading = '' + + # join the section-initial newline, the heading and the help + return join(['\n', heading, item_help, '\n']) + + def _add_item(self, func, args): + self._current_section.items.append((func, args)) + + # ======================== + # Message building methods + # ======================== + def start_section(self, heading): + self._indent() + section = self._Section(self, self._current_section, heading) + self._add_item(section.format_help, []) + self._current_section = section + + def end_section(self): + self._current_section = self._current_section.parent + self._dedent() + + def add_text(self, text): + if text is not SUPPRESS and text is not None: + self._add_item(self._format_text, [text]) + + def add_usage(self, usage, actions, groups, prefix=None): + if usage is not SUPPRESS: + args = usage, actions, groups, prefix + self._add_item(self._format_usage, args) + + def add_argument(self, action): + if action.help is not SUPPRESS: + + # find all invocations + get_invocation = self._format_action_invocation + invocations = [get_invocation(action)] + for subaction in self._iter_indented_subactions(action): + invocations.append(get_invocation(subaction)) + + # update the maximum item length + invocation_length = max([len(s) for s in invocations]) + action_length = invocation_length + self._current_indent + self._action_max_length = max(self._action_max_length, + action_length) + + # add the item to the list + self._add_item(self._format_action, [action]) + + def add_arguments(self, actions): + for action in actions: + self.add_argument(action) + + # ======================= + # Help-formatting methods + # ======================= + def format_help(self): + help = self._root_section.format_help() + if help: + help = self._long_break_matcher.sub('\n\n', help) + help = help.strip('\n') + '\n' + return help + + def _join_parts(self, part_strings): + return ''.join([part + for part in part_strings + if part and part is not SUPPRESS]) + + def _format_usage(self, usage, actions, groups, prefix): + if prefix is None: + prefix = _('usage: ') + + # if usage is specified, use that + if usage is not None: + usage = usage % dict(prog=self._prog) + + # if no optionals or positionals are available, usage is just prog + elif usage is None and not actions: + usage = '%(prog)s' % dict(prog=self._prog) + + # if optionals and positionals are available, calculate usage + elif usage is None: + prog = '%(prog)s' % dict(prog=self._prog) + + # split optionals from positionals + optionals = [] + positionals = [] + for action in actions: + if action.option_strings: + optionals.append(action) + else: + positionals.append(action) + + # build full usage string + format = self._format_actions_usage + action_usage = format(optionals + positionals, groups) + usage = ' '.join([s for s in [prog, action_usage] if s]) + + # wrap the usage parts if it's too long + text_width = self._width - self._current_indent + if len(prefix) + len(usage) > text_width: + + # break usage into wrappable parts + part_regexp = r'\(.*?\)+|\[.*?\]+|\S+' + opt_usage = format(optionals, groups) + pos_usage = format(positionals, groups) + opt_parts = _re.findall(part_regexp, opt_usage) + pos_parts = _re.findall(part_regexp, pos_usage) + assert ' '.join(opt_parts) == opt_usage + assert ' '.join(pos_parts) == pos_usage + + # helper for wrapping lines + def get_lines(parts, indent, prefix=None): + lines = [] + line = [] + if prefix is not None: + line_len = len(prefix) - 1 + else: + line_len = len(indent) - 1 + for part in parts: + if line_len + 1 + len(part) > text_width: + lines.append(indent + ' '.join(line)) + line = [] + line_len = len(indent) - 1 + line.append(part) + line_len += len(part) + 1 + if line: + lines.append(indent + ' '.join(line)) + if prefix is not None: + lines[0] = lines[0][len(indent):] + return lines + + # if prog is short, follow it with optionals or positionals + if len(prefix) + len(prog) <= 0.75 * text_width: + indent = ' ' * (len(prefix) + len(prog) + 1) + if opt_parts: + lines = get_lines([prog] + opt_parts, indent, prefix) + lines.extend(get_lines(pos_parts, indent)) + elif pos_parts: + lines = get_lines([prog] + pos_parts, indent, prefix) + else: + lines = [prog] + + # if prog is long, put it on its own line + else: + indent = ' ' * len(prefix) + parts = opt_parts + pos_parts + lines = get_lines(parts, indent) + if len(lines) > 1: + lines = [] + lines.extend(get_lines(opt_parts, indent)) + lines.extend(get_lines(pos_parts, indent)) + lines = [prog] + lines + + # join lines into usage + usage = '\n'.join(lines) + + # prefix with 'usage:' + return '%s%s\n\n' % (prefix, usage) + + def _format_actions_usage(self, actions, groups): + # find group indices and identify actions in groups + group_actions = set() + inserts = {} + for group in groups: + try: + start = actions.index(group._group_actions[0]) + except ValueError: + continue + else: + end = start + len(group._group_actions) + if actions[start:end] == group._group_actions: + for action in group._group_actions: + group_actions.add(action) + if not group.required: + if start in inserts: + inserts[start] += ' [' + else: + inserts[start] = '[' + inserts[end] = ']' + else: + if start in inserts: + inserts[start] += ' (' + else: + inserts[start] = '(' + inserts[end] = ')' + for i in range(start + 1, end): + inserts[i] = '|' + + # collect all actions format strings + parts = [] + for i, action in enumerate(actions): + + # suppressed arguments are marked with None + # remove | separators for suppressed arguments + if action.help is SUPPRESS: + parts.append(None) + if inserts.get(i) == '|': + inserts.pop(i) + elif inserts.get(i + 1) == '|': + inserts.pop(i + 1) + + # produce all arg strings + elif not action.option_strings: + part = self._format_args(action, action.dest) + + # if it's in a group, strip the outer [] + if action in group_actions: + if part[0] == '[' and part[-1] == ']': + part = part[1:-1] + + # add the action string to the list + parts.append(part) + + # produce the first way to invoke the option in brackets + else: + option_string = action.option_strings[0] + + # if the Optional doesn't take a value, format is: + # -s or --long + if action.nargs == 0: + part = '%s' % option_string + + # if the Optional takes a value, format is: + # -s ARGS or --long ARGS + else: + default = action.dest.upper() + args_string = self._format_args(action, default) + part = '%s %s' % (option_string, args_string) + + # make it look optional if it's not required or in a group + if not action.required and action not in group_actions: + part = '[%s]' % part + + # add the action string to the list + parts.append(part) + + # insert things at the necessary indices + for i in sorted(inserts, reverse=True): + parts[i:i] = [inserts[i]] + + # join all the action items with spaces + text = ' '.join([item for item in parts if item is not None]) + + # clean up separators for mutually exclusive groups + open = r'[\[(]' + close = r'[\])]' + text = _re.sub(r'(%s) ' % open, r'\1', text) + text = _re.sub(r' (%s)' % close, r'\1', text) + text = _re.sub(r'%s *%s' % (open, close), r'', text) + text = _re.sub(r'\(([^|]*)\)', r'\1', text) + text = text.strip() + + # return the text + return text + + def _format_text(self, text): + if '%(prog)' in text: + text = text % dict(prog=self._prog) + text_width = self._width - self._current_indent + indent = ' ' * self._current_indent + return self._fill_text(text, text_width, indent) + '\n\n' + + def _format_action(self, action): + # determine the required width and the entry label + help_position = min(self._action_max_length + 2, + self._max_help_position) + help_width = self._width - help_position + action_width = help_position - self._current_indent - 2 + action_header = self._format_action_invocation(action) + + # ho nelp; start on same line and add a final newline + if not action.help: + tup = self._current_indent, '', action_header + action_header = '%*s%s\n' % tup + + # short action name; start on the same line and pad two spaces + elif len(action_header) <= action_width: + tup = self._current_indent, '', action_width, action_header + action_header = '%*s%-*s ' % tup + indent_first = 0 + + # long action name; start on the next line + else: + tup = self._current_indent, '', action_header + action_header = '%*s%s\n' % tup + indent_first = help_position + + # collect the pieces of the action help + parts = [action_header] + + # if there was help for the action, add lines of help text + if action.help: + help_text = self._expand_help(action) + help_lines = self._split_lines(help_text, help_width) + parts.append('%*s%s\n' % (indent_first, '', help_lines[0])) + for line in help_lines[1:]: + parts.append('%*s%s\n' % (help_position, '', line)) + + # or add a newline if the description doesn't end with one + elif not action_header.endswith('\n'): + parts.append('\n') + + # if there are any sub-actions, add their help as well + for subaction in self._iter_indented_subactions(action): + parts.append(self._format_action(subaction)) + + # return a single string + return self._join_parts(parts) + + def _format_action_invocation(self, action): + if not action.option_strings: + metavar, = self._metavar_formatter(action, action.dest)(1) + return metavar + + else: + parts = [] + + # if the Optional doesn't take a value, format is: + # -s, --long + if action.nargs == 0: + parts.extend(action.option_strings) + + # if the Optional takes a value, format is: + # -s ARGS, --long ARGS + else: + default = action.dest.upper() + args_string = self._format_args(action, default) + for option_string in action.option_strings: + parts.append('%s %s' % (option_string, args_string)) + + return ', '.join(parts) + + def _metavar_formatter(self, action, default_metavar): + if action.metavar is not None: + result = action.metavar + elif action.choices is not None: + choice_strs = [str(choice) for choice in action.choices] + result = '{%s}' % ','.join(choice_strs) + else: + result = default_metavar + + def format(tuple_size): + if isinstance(result, tuple): + return result + else: + return (result, ) * tuple_size + return format + + def _format_args(self, action, default_metavar): + get_metavar = self._metavar_formatter(action, default_metavar) + if action.nargs is None: + result = '%s' % get_metavar(1) + elif action.nargs == OPTIONAL: + result = '[%s]' % get_metavar(1) + elif action.nargs == ZERO_OR_MORE: + result = '[%s [%s ...]]' % get_metavar(2) + elif action.nargs == ONE_OR_MORE: + result = '%s [%s ...]' % get_metavar(2) + elif action.nargs == REMAINDER: + result = '...' + elif action.nargs == PARSER: + result = '%s ...' % get_metavar(1) + else: + formats = ['%s' for _ in range(action.nargs)] + result = ' '.join(formats) % get_metavar(action.nargs) + return result + + def _expand_help(self, action): + params = dict(vars(action), prog=self._prog) + for name in list(params): + if params[name] is SUPPRESS: + del params[name] + for name in list(params): + if hasattr(params[name], '__name__'): + params[name] = params[name].__name__ + if params.get('choices') is not None: + choices_str = ', '.join([str(c) for c in params['choices']]) + params['choices'] = choices_str + return self._get_help_string(action) % params + + def _iter_indented_subactions(self, action): + try: + get_subactions = action._get_subactions + except AttributeError: + pass + else: + self._indent() + for subaction in get_subactions(): + yield subaction + self._dedent() + + def _split_lines(self, text, width): + text = self._whitespace_matcher.sub(' ', text).strip() + return _textwrap.wrap(text, width) + + def _fill_text(self, text, width, indent): + text = self._whitespace_matcher.sub(' ', text).strip() + return _textwrap.fill(text, width, initial_indent=indent, + subsequent_indent=indent) + + def _get_help_string(self, action): + return action.help + + +class RawDescriptionHelpFormatter(HelpFormatter): + """Help message formatter which retains any formatting in descriptions. + + Only the name of this class is considered a public API. All the methods + provided by the class are considered an implementation detail. + """ + + def _fill_text(self, text, width, indent): + return ''.join([indent + line for line in text.splitlines(True)]) + + +class RawTextHelpFormatter(RawDescriptionHelpFormatter): + """Help message formatter which retains formatting of all help text. + + Only the name of this class is considered a public API. All the methods + provided by the class are considered an implementation detail. + """ + + def _split_lines(self, text, width): + return text.splitlines() + + +class ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter(HelpFormatter): + """Help message formatter which adds default values to argument help. + + Only the name of this class is considered a public API. All the methods + provided by the class are considered an implementation detail. + """ + + def _get_help_string(self, action): + help = action.help + if '%(default)' not in action.help: + if action.default is not SUPPRESS: + defaulting_nargs = [OPTIONAL, ZERO_OR_MORE] + if action.option_strings or action.nargs in defaulting_nargs: + help += ' (default: %(default)s)' + return help + + +# ===================== +# Options and Arguments +# ===================== + +def _get_action_name(argument): + if argument is None: + return None + elif argument.option_strings: + return '/'.join(argument.option_strings) + elif argument.metavar not in (None, SUPPRESS): + return argument.metavar + elif argument.dest not in (None, SUPPRESS): + return argument.dest + else: + return None + + +class ArgumentError(Exception): + """An error from creating or using an argument (optional or positional). + + The string value of this exception is the message, augmented with + information about the argument that caused it. + """ + + def __init__(self, argument, message): + self.argument_name = _get_action_name(argument) + self.message = message + + def __str__(self): + if self.argument_name is None: + format = '%(message)s' + else: + format = 'argument %(argument_name)s: %(message)s' + return format % dict(message=self.message, + argument_name=self.argument_name) + + +class ArgumentTypeError(Exception): + """An error from trying to convert a command line string to a type.""" + pass + + +# ============== +# Action classes +# ============== + +class Action(_AttributeHolder): + """Information about how to convert command line strings to Python objects. + + Action objects are used by an ArgumentParser to represent the information + needed to parse a single argument from one or more strings from the + command line. The keyword arguments to the Action constructor are also + all attributes of Action instances. + + Keyword Arguments: + + - option_strings -- A list of command-line option strings which + should be associated with this action. + + - dest -- The name of the attribute to hold the created object(s) + + - nargs -- The number of command-line arguments that should be + consumed. By default, one argument will be consumed and a single + value will be produced. Other values include: + - N (an integer) consumes N arguments (and produces a list) + - '?' consumes zero or one arguments + - '*' consumes zero or more arguments (and produces a list) + - '+' consumes one or more arguments (and produces a list) + Note that the difference between the default and nargs=1 is that + with the default, a single value will be produced, while with + nargs=1, a list containing a single value will be produced. + + - const -- The value to be produced if the option is specified and the + option uses an action that takes no values. + + - default -- The value to be produced if the option is not specified. + + - type -- The type which the command-line arguments should be converted + to, should be one of 'string', 'int', 'float', 'complex' or a + callable object that accepts a single string argument. If None, + 'string' is assumed. + + - choices -- A container of values that should be allowed. If not None, + after a command-line argument has been converted to the appropriate + type, an exception will be raised if it is not a member of this + collection. + + - required -- True if the action must always be specified at the + command line. This is only meaningful for optional command-line + arguments. + + - help -- The help string describing the argument. + + - metavar -- The name to be used for the option's argument with the + help string. If None, the 'dest' value will be used as the name. + """ + + def __init__(self, + option_strings, + dest, + nargs=None, + const=None, + default=None, + type=None, + choices=None, + required=False, + help=None, + metavar=None): + self.option_strings = option_strings + self.dest = dest + self.nargs = nargs + self.const = const + self.default = default + self.type = type + self.choices = choices + self.required = required + self.help = help + self.metavar = metavar + + def _get_kwargs(self): + names = [ + 'option_strings', + 'dest', + 'nargs', + 'const', + 'default', + 'type', + 'choices', + 'help', + 'metavar', + ] + return [(name, getattr(self, name)) for name in names] + + def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None): + raise NotImplementedError(_('.__call__() not defined')) + + +class _StoreAction(Action): + + def __init__(self, + option_strings, + dest, + nargs=None, + const=None, + default=None, + type=None, + choices=None, + required=False, + help=None, + metavar=None): + if nargs == 0: + raise ValueError('nargs for store actions must be > 0; if you ' + 'have nothing to store, actions such as store ' + 'true or store const may be more appropriate') + if const is not None and nargs != OPTIONAL: + raise ValueError('nargs must be %r to supply const' % OPTIONAL) + super(_StoreAction, self).__init__( + option_strings=option_strings, + dest=dest, + nargs=nargs, + const=const, + default=default, + type=type, + choices=choices, + required=required, + help=help, + metavar=metavar) + + def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None): + setattr(namespace, self.dest, values) + + +class _StoreConstAction(Action): + + def __init__(self, + option_strings, + dest, + const, + default=None, + required=False, + help=None, + metavar=None): + super(_StoreConstAction, self).__init__( + option_strings=option_strings, + dest=dest, + nargs=0, + const=const, + default=default, + required=required, + help=help) + + def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None): + setattr(namespace, self.dest, self.const) + + +class _StoreTrueAction(_StoreConstAction): + + def __init__(self, + option_strings, + dest, + default=False, + required=False, + help=None): + super(_StoreTrueAction, self).__init__( + option_strings=option_strings, + dest=dest, + const=True, + default=default, + required=required, + help=help) + + +class _StoreFalseAction(_StoreConstAction): + + def __init__(self, + option_strings, + dest, + default=True, + required=False, + help=None): + super(_StoreFalseAction, self).__init__( + option_strings=option_strings, + dest=dest, + const=False, + default=default, + required=required, + help=help) + + +class _AppendAction(Action): + + def __init__(self, + option_strings, + dest, + nargs=None, + const=None, + default=None, + type=None, + choices=None, + required=False, + help=None, + metavar=None): + if nargs == 0: + raise ValueError('nargs for append actions must be > 0; if arg ' + 'strings are not supplying the value to append, ' + 'the append const action may be more appropriate') + if const is not None and nargs != OPTIONAL: + raise ValueError('nargs must be %r to supply const' % OPTIONAL) + super(_AppendAction, self).__init__( + option_strings=option_strings, + dest=dest, + nargs=nargs, + const=const, + default=default, + type=type, + choices=choices, + required=required, + help=help, + metavar=metavar) + + def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None): + items = _copy.copy(_ensure_value(namespace, self.dest, [])) + items.append(values) + setattr(namespace, self.dest, items) + + +class _AppendConstAction(Action): + + def __init__(self, + option_strings, + dest, + const, + default=None, + required=False, + help=None, + metavar=None): + super(_AppendConstAction, self).__init__( + option_strings=option_strings, + dest=dest, + nargs=0, + const=const, + default=default, + required=required, + help=help, + metavar=metavar) + + def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None): + items = _copy.copy(_ensure_value(namespace, self.dest, [])) + items.append(self.const) + setattr(namespace, self.dest, items) + + +class _CountAction(Action): + + def __init__(self, + option_strings, + dest, + default=None, + required=False, + help=None): + super(_CountAction, self).__init__( + option_strings=option_strings, + dest=dest, + nargs=0, + default=default, + required=required, + help=help) + + def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None): + new_count = _ensure_value(namespace, self.dest, 0) + 1 + setattr(namespace, self.dest, new_count) + + +class _HelpAction(Action): + + def __init__(self, + option_strings, + dest=SUPPRESS, + default=SUPPRESS, + help=None): + super(_HelpAction, self).__init__( + option_strings=option_strings, + dest=dest, + default=default, + nargs=0, + help=help) + + def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None): + parser.print_help() + parser.exit() + + +class _VersionAction(Action): + + def __init__(self, + option_strings, + version=None, + dest=SUPPRESS, + default=SUPPRESS, + help="show program's version number and exit"): + super(_VersionAction, self).__init__( + option_strings=option_strings, + dest=dest, + default=default, + nargs=0, + help=help) + self.version = version + + def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None): + version = self.version + if version is None: + version = parser.version + formatter = parser._get_formatter() + formatter.add_text(version) + parser.exit(message=formatter.format_help()) + + +class _SubParsersAction(Action): + + class _ChoicesPseudoAction(Action): + + def __init__(self, name, aliases, help): + metavar = dest = name + if aliases: + metavar += ' (%s)' % ', '.join(aliases) + sup = super(_SubParsersAction._ChoicesPseudoAction, self) + sup.__init__(option_strings=[], dest=dest, help=help, + metavar=metavar) + + def __init__(self, + option_strings, + prog, + parser_class, + dest=SUPPRESS, + help=None, + metavar=None): + + self._prog_prefix = prog + self._parser_class = parser_class + self._name_parser_map = {} + self._choices_actions = [] + + super(_SubParsersAction, self).__init__( + option_strings=option_strings, + dest=dest, + nargs=PARSER, + choices=self._name_parser_map, + help=help, + metavar=metavar) + + def add_parser(self, name, **kwargs): + # set prog from the existing prefix + if kwargs.get('prog') is None: + kwargs['prog'] = '%s %s' % (self._prog_prefix, name) + + aliases = kwargs.pop('aliases', ()) + + # create a pseudo-action to hold the choice help + if 'help' in kwargs: + help = kwargs.pop('help') + choice_action = self._ChoicesPseudoAction(name, aliases, help) + self._choices_actions.append(choice_action) + + # create the parser and add it to the map + parser = self._parser_class(**kwargs) + self._name_parser_map[name] = parser + + # make parser available under aliases also + for alias in aliases: + self._name_parser_map[alias] = parser + + return parser + + def _get_subactions(self): + return self._choices_actions + + def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None): + parser_name = values[0] + arg_strings = values[1:] + + # set the parser name if requested + if self.dest is not SUPPRESS: + setattr(namespace, self.dest, parser_name) + + # select the parser + try: + parser = self._name_parser_map[parser_name] + except KeyError: + tup = parser_name, ', '.join(self._name_parser_map) + msg = _('unknown parser %r (choices: %s)' % tup) + raise ArgumentError(self, msg) + + # parse all the remaining options into the namespace + # store any unrecognized options on the object, so that the top + # level parser can decide what to do with them + namespace, arg_strings = parser.parse_known_args(arg_strings, namespace) + if arg_strings: + vars(namespace).setdefault(_UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR, []) + getattr(namespace, _UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR).extend(arg_strings) + + +# ============== +# Type classes +# ============== + +class FileType(object): + """Factory for creating file object types + + Instances of FileType are typically passed as type= arguments to the + ArgumentParser add_argument() method. + + Keyword Arguments: + - mode -- A string indicating how the file is to be opened. Accepts the + same values as the builtin open() function. + - bufsize -- The file's desired buffer size. Accepts the same values as + the builtin open() function. + """ + + def __init__(self, mode='r', bufsize=None): + self._mode = mode + self._bufsize = bufsize + + def __call__(self, string): + # the special argument "-" means sys.std{in,out} + if string == '-': + if 'r' in self._mode: + return _sys.stdin + elif 'w' in self._mode: + return _sys.stdout + else: + msg = _('argument "-" with mode %r' % self._mode) + raise ValueError(msg) + + try: + # all other arguments are used as file names + if self._bufsize: + return open(string, self._mode, self._bufsize) + else: + return open(string, self._mode) + except IOError: + err = _sys.exc_info()[1] + message = _("can't open '%s': %s") + raise ArgumentTypeError(message % (string, err)) + + def __repr__(self): + args = [self._mode, self._bufsize] + args_str = ', '.join([repr(arg) for arg in args if arg is not None]) + return '%s(%s)' % (type(self).__name__, args_str) + +# =========================== +# Optional and Positional Parsing +# =========================== + +class Namespace(_AttributeHolder): + """Simple object for storing attributes. + + Implements equality by attribute names and values, and provides a simple + string representation. + """ + + def __init__(self, **kwargs): + for name in kwargs: + setattr(self, name, kwargs[name]) + + __hash__ = None + + def __eq__(self, other): + return vars(self) == vars(other) + + def __ne__(self, other): + return not (self == other) + + def __contains__(self, key): + return key in self.__dict__ + + +class _ActionsContainer(object): + + def __init__(self, + description, + prefix_chars, + argument_default, + conflict_handler): + super(_ActionsContainer, self).__init__() + + self.description = description + self.argument_default = argument_default + self.prefix_chars = prefix_chars + self.conflict_handler = conflict_handler + + # set up registries + self._registries = {} + + # register actions + self.register('action', None, _StoreAction) + self.register('action', 'store', _StoreAction) + self.register('action', 'store_const', _StoreConstAction) + self.register('action', 'store_true', _StoreTrueAction) + self.register('action', 'store_false', _StoreFalseAction) + self.register('action', 'append', _AppendAction) + self.register('action', 'append_const', _AppendConstAction) + self.register('action', 'count', _CountAction) + self.register('action', 'help', _HelpAction) + self.register('action', 'version', _VersionAction) + self.register('action', 'parsers', _SubParsersAction) + + # raise an exception if the conflict handler is invalid + self._get_handler() + + # action storage + self._actions = [] + self._option_string_actions = {} + + # groups + self._action_groups = [] + self._mutually_exclusive_groups = [] + + # defaults storage + self._defaults = {} + + # determines whether an "option" looks like a negative number + self._negative_number_matcher = _re.compile(r'^-\d+$|^-\d*\.\d+$') + + # whether or not there are any optionals that look like negative + # numbers -- uses a list so it can be shared and edited + self._has_negative_number_optionals = [] + + # ==================== + # Registration methods + # ==================== + def register(self, registry_name, value, object): + registry = self._registries.setdefault(registry_name, {}) + registry[value] = object + + def _registry_get(self, registry_name, value, default=None): + return self._registries[registry_name].get(value, default) + + # ================================== + # Namespace default accessor methods + # ================================== + def set_defaults(self, **kwargs): + self._defaults.update(kwargs) + + # if these defaults match any existing arguments, replace + # the previous default on the object with the new one + for action in self._actions: + if action.dest in kwargs: + action.default = kwargs[action.dest] + + def get_default(self, dest): + for action in self._actions: + if action.dest == dest and action.default is not None: + return action.default + return self._defaults.get(dest, None) + + + # ======================= + # Adding argument actions + # ======================= + def add_argument(self, *args, **kwargs): + """ + add_argument(dest, ..., name=value, ...) + add_argument(option_string, option_string, ..., name=value, ...) + """ + + # if no positional args are supplied or only one is supplied and + # it doesn't look like an option string, parse a positional + # argument + chars = self.prefix_chars + if not args or len(args) == 1 and args[0][0] not in chars: + if args and 'dest' in kwargs: + raise ValueError('dest supplied twice for positional argument') + kwargs = self._get_positional_kwargs(*args, **kwargs) + + # otherwise, we're adding an optional argument + else: + kwargs = self._get_optional_kwargs(*args, **kwargs) + + # if no default was supplied, use the parser-level default + if 'default' not in kwargs: + dest = kwargs['dest'] + if dest in self._defaults: + kwargs['default'] = self._defaults[dest] + elif self.argument_default is not None: + kwargs['default'] = self.argument_default + + # create the action object, and add it to the parser + action_class = self._pop_action_class(kwargs) + if not _callable(action_class): + raise ValueError('unknown action "%s"' % action_class) + action = action_class(**kwargs) + + # raise an error if the action type is not callable + type_func = self._registry_get('type', action.type, action.type) + if not _callable(type_func): + raise ValueError('%r is not callable' % type_func) + + return self._add_action(action) + + def add_argument_group(self, *args, **kwargs): + group = _ArgumentGroup(self, *args, **kwargs) + self._action_groups.append(group) + return group + + def add_mutually_exclusive_group(self, **kwargs): + group = _MutuallyExclusiveGroup(self, **kwargs) + self._mutually_exclusive_groups.append(group) + return group + + def _add_action(self, action): + # resolve any conflicts + self._check_conflict(action) + + # add to actions list + self._actions.append(action) + action.container = self + + # index the action by any option strings it has + for option_string in action.option_strings: + self._option_string_actions[option_string] = action + + # set the flag if any option strings look like negative numbers + for option_string in action.option_strings: + if self._negative_number_matcher.match(option_string): + if not self._has_negative_number_optionals: + self._has_negative_number_optionals.append(True) + + # return the created action + return action + + def _remove_action(self, action): + self._actions.remove(action) + + def _add_container_actions(self, container): + # collect groups by titles + title_group_map = {} + for group in self._action_groups: + if group.title in title_group_map: + msg = _('cannot merge actions - two groups are named %r') + raise ValueError(msg % (group.title)) + title_group_map[group.title] = group + + # map each action to its group + group_map = {} + for group in container._action_groups: + + # if a group with the title exists, use that, otherwise + # create a new group matching the container's group + if group.title not in title_group_map: + title_group_map[group.title] = self.add_argument_group( + title=group.title, + description=group.description, + conflict_handler=group.conflict_handler) + + # map the actions to their new group + for action in group._group_actions: + group_map[action] = title_group_map[group.title] + + # add container's mutually exclusive groups + # NOTE: if add_mutually_exclusive_group ever gains title= and + # description= then this code will need to be expanded as above + for group in container._mutually_exclusive_groups: + mutex_group = self.add_mutually_exclusive_group( + required=group.required) + + # map the actions to their new mutex group + for action in group._group_actions: + group_map[action] = mutex_group + + # add all actions to this container or their group + for action in container._actions: + group_map.get(action, self)._add_action(action) + + def _get_positional_kwargs(self, dest, **kwargs): + # make sure required is not specified + if 'required' in kwargs: + msg = _("'required' is an invalid argument for positionals") + raise TypeError(msg) + + # mark positional arguments as required if at least one is + # always required + if kwargs.get('nargs') not in [OPTIONAL, ZERO_OR_MORE]: + kwargs['required'] = True + if kwargs.get('nargs') == ZERO_OR_MORE and 'default' not in kwargs: + kwargs['required'] = True + + # return the keyword arguments with no option strings + return dict(kwargs, dest=dest, option_strings=[]) + + def _get_optional_kwargs(self, *args, **kwargs): + # determine short and long option strings + option_strings = [] + long_option_strings = [] + for option_string in args: + # error on strings that don't start with an appropriate prefix + if not option_string[0] in self.prefix_chars: + msg = _('invalid option string %r: ' + 'must start with a character %r') + tup = option_string, self.prefix_chars + raise ValueError(msg % tup) + + # strings starting with two prefix characters are long options + option_strings.append(option_string) + if option_string[0] in self.prefix_chars: + if len(option_string) > 1: + if option_string[1] in self.prefix_chars: + long_option_strings.append(option_string) + + # infer destination, '--foo-bar' -> 'foo_bar' and '-x' -> 'x' + dest = kwargs.pop('dest', None) + if dest is None: + if long_option_strings: + dest_option_string = long_option_strings[0] + else: + dest_option_string = option_strings[0] + dest = dest_option_string.lstrip(self.prefix_chars) + if not dest: + msg = _('dest= is required for options like %r') + raise ValueError(msg % option_string) + dest = dest.replace('-', '_') + + # return the updated keyword arguments + return dict(kwargs, dest=dest, option_strings=option_strings) + + def _pop_action_class(self, kwargs, default=None): + action = kwargs.pop('action', default) + return self._registry_get('action', action, action) + + def _get_handler(self): + # determine function from conflict handler string + handler_func_name = '_handle_conflict_%s' % self.conflict_handler + try: + return getattr(self, handler_func_name) + except AttributeError: + msg = _('invalid conflict_resolution value: %r') + raise ValueError(msg % self.conflict_handler) + + def _check_conflict(self, action): + + # find all options that conflict with this option + confl_optionals = [] + for option_string in action.option_strings: + if option_string in self._option_string_actions: + confl_optional = self._option_string_actions[option_string] + confl_optionals.append((option_string, confl_optional)) + + # resolve any conflicts + if confl_optionals: + conflict_handler = self._get_handler() + conflict_handler(action, confl_optionals) + + def _handle_conflict_error(self, action, conflicting_actions): + message = _('conflicting option string(s): %s') + conflict_string = ', '.join([option_string + for option_string, action + in conflicting_actions]) + raise ArgumentError(action, message % conflict_string) + + def _handle_conflict_resolve(self, action, conflicting_actions): + + # remove all conflicting options + for option_string, action in conflicting_actions: + + # remove the conflicting option + action.option_strings.remove(option_string) + self._option_string_actions.pop(option_string, None) + + # if the option now has no option string, remove it from the + # container holding it + if not action.option_strings: + action.container._remove_action(action) + + +class _ArgumentGroup(_ActionsContainer): + + def __init__(self, container, title=None, description=None, **kwargs): + # add any missing keyword arguments by checking the container + update = kwargs.setdefault + update('conflict_handler', container.conflict_handler) + update('prefix_chars', container.prefix_chars) + update('argument_default', container.argument_default) + super_init = super(_ArgumentGroup, self).__init__ + super_init(description=description, **kwargs) + + # group attributes + self.title = title + self._group_actions = [] + + # share most attributes with the container + self._registries = container._registries + self._actions = container._actions + self._option_string_actions = container._option_string_actions + self._defaults = container._defaults + self._has_negative_number_optionals = \ + container._has_negative_number_optionals + + def _add_action(self, action): + action = super(_ArgumentGroup, self)._add_action(action) + self._group_actions.append(action) + return action + + def _remove_action(self, action): + super(_ArgumentGroup, self)._remove_action(action) + self._group_actions.remove(action) + + +class _MutuallyExclusiveGroup(_ArgumentGroup): + + def __init__(self, container, required=False): + super(_MutuallyExclusiveGroup, self).__init__(container) + self.required = required + self._container = container + + def _add_action(self, action): + if action.required: + msg = _('mutually exclusive arguments must be optional') + raise ValueError(msg) + action = self._container._add_action(action) + self._group_actions.append(action) + return action + + def _remove_action(self, action): + self._container._remove_action(action) + self._group_actions.remove(action) + + +class ArgumentParser(_AttributeHolder, _ActionsContainer): + """Object for parsing command line strings into Python objects. + + Keyword Arguments: + - prog -- The name of the program (default: sys.argv[0]) + - usage -- A usage message (default: auto-generated from arguments) + - description -- A description of what the program does + - epilog -- Text following the argument descriptions + - parents -- Parsers whose arguments should be copied into this one + - formatter_class -- HelpFormatter class for printing help messages + - prefix_chars -- Characters that prefix optional arguments + - fromfile_prefix_chars -- Characters that prefix files containing + additional arguments + - argument_default -- The default value for all arguments + - conflict_handler -- String indicating how to handle conflicts + - add_help -- Add a -h/-help option + """ + + def __init__(self, + prog=None, + usage=None, + description=None, + epilog=None, + version=None, + parents=[], + formatter_class=HelpFormatter, + prefix_chars='-', + fromfile_prefix_chars=None, + argument_default=None, + conflict_handler='error', + add_help=True): + + if version is not None: + import warnings + warnings.warn( + """The "version" argument to ArgumentParser is deprecated. """ + """Please use """ + """"add_argument(..., action='version', version="N", ...)" """ + """instead""", DeprecationWarning) + + superinit = super(ArgumentParser, self).__init__ + superinit(description=description, + prefix_chars=prefix_chars, + argument_default=argument_default, + conflict_handler=conflict_handler) + + # default setting for prog + if prog is None: + prog = _os.path.basename(_sys.argv[0]) + + self.prog = prog + self.usage = usage + self.epilog = epilog + self.version = version + self.formatter_class = formatter_class + self.fromfile_prefix_chars = fromfile_prefix_chars + self.add_help = add_help + + add_group = self.add_argument_group + self._positionals = add_group(_('positional arguments')) + self._optionals = add_group(_('optional arguments')) + self._subparsers = None + + # register types + def identity(string): + return string + self.register('type', None, identity) + + # add help and version arguments if necessary + # (using explicit default to override global argument_default) + if '-' in prefix_chars: + default_prefix = '-' + else: + default_prefix = prefix_chars[0] + if self.add_help: + self.add_argument( + default_prefix+'h', default_prefix*2+'help', + action='help', default=SUPPRESS, + help=_('show this help message and exit')) + if self.version: + self.add_argument( + default_prefix+'v', default_prefix*2+'version', + action='version', default=SUPPRESS, + version=self.version, + help=_("show program's version number and exit")) + + # add parent arguments and defaults + for parent in parents: + self._add_container_actions(parent) + try: + defaults = parent._defaults + except AttributeError: + pass + else: + self._defaults.update(defaults) + + # ======================= + # Pretty __repr__ methods + # ======================= + def _get_kwargs(self): + names = [ + 'prog', + 'usage', + 'description', + 'version', + 'formatter_class', + 'conflict_handler', + 'add_help', + ] + return [(name, getattr(self, name)) for name in names] + + # ================================== + # Optional/Positional adding methods + # ================================== + def add_subparsers(self, **kwargs): + if self._subparsers is not None: + self.error(_('cannot have multiple subparser arguments')) + + # add the parser class to the arguments if it's not present + kwargs.setdefault('parser_class', type(self)) + + if 'title' in kwargs or 'description' in kwargs: + title = _(kwargs.pop('title', 'subcommands')) + description = _(kwargs.pop('description', None)) + self._subparsers = self.add_argument_group(title, description) + else: + self._subparsers = self._positionals + + # prog defaults to the usage message of this parser, skipping + # optional arguments and with no "usage:" prefix + if kwargs.get('prog') is None: + formatter = self._get_formatter() + positionals = self._get_positional_actions() + groups = self._mutually_exclusive_groups + formatter.add_usage(self.usage, positionals, groups, '') + kwargs['prog'] = formatter.format_help().strip() + + # create the parsers action and add it to the positionals list + parsers_class = self._pop_action_class(kwargs, 'parsers') + action = parsers_class(option_strings=[], **kwargs) + self._subparsers._add_action(action) + + # return the created parsers action + return action + + def _add_action(self, action): + if action.option_strings: + self._optionals._add_action(action) + else: + self._positionals._add_action(action) + return action + + def _get_optional_actions(self): + return [action + for action in self._actions + if action.option_strings] + + def _get_positional_actions(self): + return [action + for action in self._actions + if not action.option_strings] + + # ===================================== + # Command line argument parsing methods + # ===================================== + def parse_args(self, args=None, namespace=None): + args, argv = self.parse_known_args(args, namespace) + if argv: + msg = _('unrecognized arguments: %s') + self.error(msg % ' '.join(argv)) + return args + + def parse_known_args(self, args=None, namespace=None): + # args default to the system args + if args is None: + args = _sys.argv[1:] + + # default Namespace built from parser defaults + if namespace is None: + namespace = Namespace() + + # add any action defaults that aren't present + for action in self._actions: + if action.dest is not SUPPRESS: + if not hasattr(namespace, action.dest): + if action.default is not SUPPRESS: + setattr(namespace, action.dest, action.default) + + # add any parser defaults that aren't present + for dest in self._defaults: + if not hasattr(namespace, dest): + setattr(namespace, dest, self._defaults[dest]) + + # parse the arguments and exit if there are any errors + try: + namespace, args = self._parse_known_args(args, namespace) + if hasattr(namespace, _UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR): + args.extend(getattr(namespace, _UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR)) + delattr(namespace, _UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR) + return namespace, args + except ArgumentError: + err = _sys.exc_info()[1] + self.error(str(err)) + + def _parse_known_args(self, arg_strings, namespace): + # replace arg strings that are file references + if self.fromfile_prefix_chars is not None: + arg_strings = self._read_args_from_files(arg_strings) + + # map all mutually exclusive arguments to the other arguments + # they can't occur with + action_conflicts = {} + for mutex_group in self._mutually_exclusive_groups: + group_actions = mutex_group._group_actions + for i, mutex_action in enumerate(mutex_group._group_actions): + conflicts = action_conflicts.setdefault(mutex_action, []) + conflicts.extend(group_actions[:i]) + conflicts.extend(group_actions[i + 1:]) + + # find all option indices, and determine the arg_string_pattern + # which has an 'O' if there is an option at an index, + # an 'A' if there is an argument, or a '-' if there is a '--' + option_string_indices = {} + arg_string_pattern_parts = [] + arg_strings_iter = iter(arg_strings) + for i, arg_string in enumerate(arg_strings_iter): + + # all args after -- are non-options + if arg_string == '--': + arg_string_pattern_parts.append('-') + for arg_string in arg_strings_iter: + arg_string_pattern_parts.append('A') + + # otherwise, add the arg to the arg strings + # and note the index if it was an option + else: + option_tuple = self._parse_optional(arg_string) + if option_tuple is None: + pattern = 'A' + else: + option_string_indices[i] = option_tuple + pattern = 'O' + arg_string_pattern_parts.append(pattern) + + # join the pieces together to form the pattern + arg_strings_pattern = ''.join(arg_string_pattern_parts) + + # converts arg strings to the appropriate and then takes the action + seen_actions = set() + seen_non_default_actions = set() + + def take_action(action, argument_strings, option_string=None): + seen_actions.add(action) + argument_values = self._get_values(action, argument_strings) + + # error if this argument is not allowed with other previously + # seen arguments, assuming that actions that use the default + # value don't really count as "present" + if argument_values is not action.default: + seen_non_default_actions.add(action) + for conflict_action in action_conflicts.get(action, []): + if conflict_action in seen_non_default_actions: + msg = _('not allowed with argument %s') + action_name = _get_action_name(conflict_action) + raise ArgumentError(action, msg % action_name) + + # take the action if we didn't receive a SUPPRESS value + # (e.g. from a default) + if argument_values is not SUPPRESS: + action(self, namespace, argument_values, option_string) + + # function to convert arg_strings into an optional action + def consume_optional(start_index): + + # get the optional identified at this index + option_tuple = option_string_indices[start_index] + action, option_string, explicit_arg = option_tuple + + # identify additional optionals in the same arg string + # (e.g. -xyz is the same as -x -y -z if no args are required) + match_argument = self._match_argument + action_tuples = [] + while True: + + # if we found no optional action, skip it + if action is None: + extras.append(arg_strings[start_index]) + return start_index + 1 + + # if there is an explicit argument, try to match the + # optional's string arguments to only this + if explicit_arg is not None: + arg_count = match_argument(action, 'A') + + # if the action is a single-dash option and takes no + # arguments, try to parse more single-dash options out + # of the tail of the option string + chars = self.prefix_chars + if arg_count == 0 and option_string[1] not in chars: + action_tuples.append((action, [], option_string)) + char = option_string[0] + option_string = char + explicit_arg[0] + new_explicit_arg = explicit_arg[1:] or None + optionals_map = self._option_string_actions + if option_string in optionals_map: + action = optionals_map[option_string] + explicit_arg = new_explicit_arg + else: + msg = _('ignored explicit argument %r') + raise ArgumentError(action, msg % explicit_arg) + + # if the action expect exactly one argument, we've + # successfully matched the option; exit the loop + elif arg_count == 1: + stop = start_index + 1 + args = [explicit_arg] + action_tuples.append((action, args, option_string)) + break + + # error if a double-dash option did not use the + # explicit argument + else: + msg = _('ignored explicit argument %r') + raise ArgumentError(action, msg % explicit_arg) + + # if there is no explicit argument, try to match the + # optional's string arguments with the following strings + # if successful, exit the loop + else: + start = start_index + 1 + selected_patterns = arg_strings_pattern[start:] + arg_count = match_argument(action, selected_patterns) + stop = start + arg_count + args = arg_strings[start:stop] + action_tuples.append((action, args, option_string)) + break + + # add the Optional to the list and return the index at which + # the Optional's string args stopped + assert action_tuples + for action, args, option_string in action_tuples: + take_action(action, args, option_string) + return stop + + # the list of Positionals left to be parsed; this is modified + # by consume_positionals() + positionals = self._get_positional_actions() + + # function to convert arg_strings into positional actions + def consume_positionals(start_index): + # match as many Positionals as possible + match_partial = self._match_arguments_partial + selected_pattern = arg_strings_pattern[start_index:] + arg_counts = match_partial(positionals, selected_pattern) + + # slice off the appropriate arg strings for each Positional + # and add the Positional and its args to the list + for action, arg_count in zip(positionals, arg_counts): + args = arg_strings[start_index: start_index + arg_count] + start_index += arg_count + take_action(action, args) + + # slice off the Positionals that we just parsed and return the + # index at which the Positionals' string args stopped + positionals[:] = positionals[len(arg_counts):] + return start_index + + # consume Positionals and Optionals alternately, until we have + # passed the last option string + extras = [] + start_index = 0 + if option_string_indices: + max_option_string_index = max(option_string_indices) + else: + max_option_string_index = -1 + while start_index <= max_option_string_index: + + # consume any Positionals preceding the next option + next_option_string_index = min([ + index + for index in option_string_indices + if index >= start_index]) + if start_index != next_option_string_index: + positionals_end_index = consume_positionals(start_index) + + # only try to parse the next optional if we didn't consume + # the option string during the positionals parsing + if positionals_end_index > start_index: + start_index = positionals_end_index + continue + else: + start_index = positionals_end_index + + # if we consumed all the positionals we could and we're not + # at the index of an option string, there were extra arguments + if start_index not in option_string_indices: + strings = arg_strings[start_index:next_option_string_index] + extras.extend(strings) + start_index = next_option_string_index + + # consume the next optional and any arguments for it + start_index = consume_optional(start_index) + + # consume any positionals following the last Optional + stop_index = consume_positionals(start_index) + + # if we didn't consume all the argument strings, there were extras + extras.extend(arg_strings[stop_index:]) + + # if we didn't use all the Positional objects, there were too few + # arg strings supplied. + if positionals: + self.error(_('too few arguments')) + + # make sure all required actions were present, and convert defaults. + for action in self._actions: + if action not in seen_actions: + if action.required: + name = _get_action_name(action) + self.error(_('argument %s is required') % name) + else: + # Convert action default now instead of doing it before + # parsing arguments to avoid calling convert functions + # twice (which may fail) if the argument was given, but + # only if it was defined already in the namespace + if (action.default is not None and + isinstance(action.default, basestring) and + hasattr(namespace, action.dest) and + action.default is getattr(namespace, action.dest)): + setattr(namespace, action.dest, + self._get_value(action, action.default)) + + # make sure all required groups had one option present + for group in self._mutually_exclusive_groups: + if group.required: + for action in group._group_actions: + if action in seen_non_default_actions: + break + + # if no actions were used, report the error + else: + names = [_get_action_name(action) + for action in group._group_actions + if action.help is not SUPPRESS] + msg = _('one of the arguments %s is required') + self.error(msg % ' '.join(names)) + + # return the updated namespace and the extra arguments + return namespace, extras + + def _read_args_from_files(self, arg_strings): + # expand arguments referencing files + new_arg_strings = [] + for arg_string in arg_strings: + + # for regular arguments, just add them back into the list + if arg_string[0] not in self.fromfile_prefix_chars: + new_arg_strings.append(arg_string) + + # replace arguments referencing files with the file content + else: + try: + args_file = open(arg_string[1:]) + try: + arg_strings = [] + for arg_line in args_file.read().splitlines(): + for arg in self.convert_arg_line_to_args(arg_line): + arg_strings.append(arg) + arg_strings = self._read_args_from_files(arg_strings) + new_arg_strings.extend(arg_strings) + finally: + args_file.close() + except IOError: + err = _sys.exc_info()[1] + self.error(str(err)) + + # return the modified argument list + return new_arg_strings + + def convert_arg_line_to_args(self, arg_line): + return [arg_line] + + def _match_argument(self, action, arg_strings_pattern): + # match the pattern for this action to the arg strings + nargs_pattern = self._get_nargs_pattern(action) + match = _re.match(nargs_pattern, arg_strings_pattern) + + # raise an exception if we weren't able to find a match + if match is None: + nargs_errors = { + None: _('expected one argument'), + OPTIONAL: _('expected at most one argument'), + ONE_OR_MORE: _('expected at least one argument'), + } + default = _('expected %s argument(s)') % action.nargs + msg = nargs_errors.get(action.nargs, default) + raise ArgumentError(action, msg) + + # return the number of arguments matched + return len(match.group(1)) + + def _match_arguments_partial(self, actions, arg_strings_pattern): + # progressively shorten the actions list by slicing off the + # final actions until we find a match + result = [] + for i in range(len(actions), 0, -1): + actions_slice = actions[:i] + pattern = ''.join([self._get_nargs_pattern(action) + for action in actions_slice]) + match = _re.match(pattern, arg_strings_pattern) + if match is not None: + result.extend([len(string) for string in match.groups()]) + break + + # return the list of arg string counts + return result + + def _parse_optional(self, arg_string): + # if it's an empty string, it was meant to be a positional + if not arg_string: + return None + + # if it doesn't start with a prefix, it was meant to be positional + if not arg_string[0] in self.prefix_chars: + return None + + # if the option string is present in the parser, return the action + if arg_string in self._option_string_actions: + action = self._option_string_actions[arg_string] + return action, arg_string, None + + # if it's just a single character, it was meant to be positional + if len(arg_string) == 1: + return None + + # if the option string before the "=" is present, return the action + if '=' in arg_string: + option_string, explicit_arg = arg_string.split('=', 1) + if option_string in self._option_string_actions: + action = self._option_string_actions[option_string] + return action, option_string, explicit_arg + + # search through all possible prefixes of the option string + # and all actions in the parser for possible interpretations + option_tuples = self._get_option_tuples(arg_string) + + # if multiple actions match, the option string was ambiguous + if len(option_tuples) > 1: + options = ', '.join([option_string + for action, option_string, explicit_arg in option_tuples]) + tup = arg_string, options + self.error(_('ambiguous option: %s could match %s') % tup) + + # if exactly one action matched, this segmentation is good, + # so return the parsed action + elif len(option_tuples) == 1: + option_tuple, = option_tuples + return option_tuple + + # if it was not found as an option, but it looks like a negative + # number, it was meant to be positional + # unless there are negative-number-like options + if self._negative_number_matcher.match(arg_string): + if not self._has_negative_number_optionals: + return None + + # if it contains a space, it was meant to be a positional + if ' ' in arg_string: + return None + + # it was meant to be an optional but there is no such option + # in this parser (though it might be a valid option in a subparser) + return None, arg_string, None + + def _get_option_tuples(self, option_string): + result = [] + + # option strings starting with two prefix characters are only + # split at the '=' + chars = self.prefix_chars + if option_string[0] in chars and option_string[1] in chars: + if '=' in option_string: + option_prefix, explicit_arg = option_string.split('=', 1) + else: + option_prefix = option_string + explicit_arg = None + for option_string in self._option_string_actions: + if option_string.startswith(option_prefix): + action = self._option_string_actions[option_string] + tup = action, option_string, explicit_arg + result.append(tup) + + # single character options can be concatenated with their arguments + # but multiple character options always have to have their argument + # separate + elif option_string[0] in chars and option_string[1] not in chars: + option_prefix = option_string + explicit_arg = None + short_option_prefix = option_string[:2] + short_explicit_arg = option_string[2:] + + for option_string in self._option_string_actions: + if option_string == short_option_prefix: + action = self._option_string_actions[option_string] + tup = action, option_string, short_explicit_arg + result.append(tup) + elif option_string.startswith(option_prefix): + action = self._option_string_actions[option_string] + tup = action, option_string, explicit_arg + result.append(tup) + + # shouldn't ever get here + else: + self.error(_('unexpected option string: %s') % option_string) + + # return the collected option tuples + return result + + def _get_nargs_pattern(self, action): + # in all examples below, we have to allow for '--' args + # which are represented as '-' in the pattern + nargs = action.nargs + + # the default (None) is assumed to be a single argument + if nargs is None: + nargs_pattern = '(-*A-*)' + + # allow zero or one arguments + elif nargs == OPTIONAL: + nargs_pattern = '(-*A?-*)' + + # allow zero or more arguments + elif nargs == ZERO_OR_MORE: + nargs_pattern = '(-*[A-]*)' + + # allow one or more arguments + elif nargs == ONE_OR_MORE: + nargs_pattern = '(-*A[A-]*)' + + # allow any number of options or arguments + elif nargs == REMAINDER: + nargs_pattern = '([-AO]*)' + + # allow one argument followed by any number of options or arguments + elif nargs == PARSER: + nargs_pattern = '(-*A[-AO]*)' + + # all others should be integers + else: + nargs_pattern = '(-*%s-*)' % '-*'.join('A' * nargs) + + # if this is an optional action, -- is not allowed + if action.option_strings: + nargs_pattern = nargs_pattern.replace('-*', '') + nargs_pattern = nargs_pattern.replace('-', '') + + # return the pattern + return nargs_pattern + + # ======================== + # Value conversion methods + # ======================== + def _get_values(self, action, arg_strings): + # for everything but PARSER args, strip out '--' + if action.nargs not in [PARSER, REMAINDER]: + arg_strings = [s for s in arg_strings if s != '--'] + + # optional argument produces a default when not present + if not arg_strings and action.nargs == OPTIONAL: + if action.option_strings: + value = action.const + else: + value = action.default + if isinstance(value, basestring): + value = self._get_value(action, value) + self._check_value(action, value) + + # when nargs='*' on a positional, if there were no command-line + # args, use the default if it is anything other than None + elif (not arg_strings and action.nargs == ZERO_OR_MORE and + not action.option_strings): + if action.default is not None: + value = action.default + else: + value = arg_strings + self._check_value(action, value) + + # single argument or optional argument produces a single value + elif len(arg_strings) == 1 and action.nargs in [None, OPTIONAL]: + arg_string, = arg_strings + value = self._get_value(action, arg_string) + self._check_value(action, value) + + # REMAINDER arguments convert all values, checking none + elif action.nargs == REMAINDER: + value = [self._get_value(action, v) for v in arg_strings] + + # PARSER arguments convert all values, but check only the first + elif action.nargs == PARSER: + value = [self._get_value(action, v) for v in arg_strings] + self._check_value(action, value[0]) + + # all other types of nargs produce a list + else: + value = [self._get_value(action, v) for v in arg_strings] + for v in value: + self._check_value(action, v) + + # return the converted value + return value + + def _get_value(self, action, arg_string): + type_func = self._registry_get('type', action.type, action.type) + if not _callable(type_func): + msg = _('%r is not callable') + raise ArgumentError(action, msg % type_func) + + # convert the value to the appropriate type + try: + result = type_func(arg_string) + + # ArgumentTypeErrors indicate errors + except ArgumentTypeError: + name = getattr(action.type, '__name__', repr(action.type)) + msg = str(_sys.exc_info()[1]) + raise ArgumentError(action, msg) + + # TypeErrors or ValueErrors also indicate errors + except (TypeError, ValueError): + name = getattr(action.type, '__name__', repr(action.type)) + msg = _('invalid %s value: %r') + raise ArgumentError(action, msg % (name, arg_string)) + + # return the converted value + return result + + def _check_value(self, action, value): + # converted value must be one of the choices (if specified) + if action.choices is not None and value not in action.choices: + tup = value, ', '.join(map(repr, action.choices)) + msg = _('invalid choice: %r (choose from %s)') % tup + raise ArgumentError(action, msg) + + # ======================= + # Help-formatting methods + # ======================= + def format_usage(self): + formatter = self._get_formatter() + formatter.add_usage(self.usage, self._actions, + self._mutually_exclusive_groups) + return formatter.format_help() + + def format_help(self): + formatter = self._get_formatter() + + # usage + formatter.add_usage(self.usage, self._actions, + self._mutually_exclusive_groups) + + # description + formatter.add_text(self.description) + + # positionals, optionals and user-defined groups + for action_group in self._action_groups: + formatter.start_section(action_group.title) + formatter.add_text(action_group.description) + formatter.add_arguments(action_group._group_actions) + formatter.end_section() + + # epilog + formatter.add_text(self.epilog) + + # determine help from format above + return formatter.format_help() + + def format_version(self): + import warnings + warnings.warn( + 'The format_version method is deprecated -- the "version" ' + 'argument to ArgumentParser is no longer supported.', + DeprecationWarning) + formatter = self._get_formatter() + formatter.add_text(self.version) + return formatter.format_help() + + def _get_formatter(self): + return self.formatter_class(prog=self.prog) + + # ===================== + # Help-printing methods + # ===================== + def print_usage(self, file=None): + if file is None: + file = _sys.stdout + self._print_message(self.format_usage(), file) + + def print_help(self, file=None): + if file is None: + file = _sys.stdout + self._print_message(self.format_help(), file) + + def print_version(self, file=None): + import warnings + warnings.warn( + 'The print_version method is deprecated -- the "version" ' + 'argument to ArgumentParser is no longer supported.', + DeprecationWarning) + self._print_message(self.format_version(), file) + + def _print_message(self, message, file=None): + if message: + if file is None: + file = _sys.stderr + file.write(message) + + # =============== + # Exiting methods + # =============== + def exit(self, status=0, message=None): + if message: + self._print_message(message, _sys.stderr) + _sys.exit(status) + + def error(self, message): + """error(message: string) + + Prints a usage message incorporating the message to stderr and + exits. + + If you override this in a subclass, it should not return -- it + should either exit or raise an exception. + """ + self.print_usage(_sys.stderr) + self.exit(2, _('%s: error: %s\n') % (self.prog, message)) -- cgit v1.2.3-55-g7522 From c2d3189667409561772e8c1e5615c5166cd8aa2c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Stefan Hajnoczi Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2017 16:57:31 +0100 Subject: docker.py: Python 2.6 argparse compatibility Add the scripts/ directory to sys.path so Python 2.6 will be able to import argparse. Cc: Fam Zheng Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi Acked-by: John Snow Acked-by: Fam Zheng Message-id: 20170825155732.15665-3-stefanha@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi --- tests/docker/docker.py | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/tests/docker/docker.py b/tests/docker/docker.py index ee40ca04d9..81c87ee329 100755 --- a/tests/docker/docker.py +++ b/tests/docker/docker.py @@ -13,12 +13,14 @@ import os import sys +sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), + '..', '..', 'scripts')) +import argparse import subprocess import json import hashlib import atexit import uuid -import argparse import tempfile import re import signal -- cgit v1.2.3-55-g7522 From 0ea47d0f36112f0f38661e2e430edf32737c7f43 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Stefan Hajnoczi Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2017 16:57:32 +0100 Subject: tests: migration/guestperf Python 2.6 argparse compatibility Add the scripts/ directory to sys.path so Python 2.6 will be able to import argparse. Cc: Daniel P. Berrange Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi Acked-by: John Snow Acked-by: Fam Zheng Message-id: 20170825155732.15665-4-stefanha@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi --- tests/migration/guestperf/shell.py | 8 +++++--- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/tests/migration/guestperf/shell.py b/tests/migration/guestperf/shell.py index 185c5697a6..7992459a97 100644 --- a/tests/migration/guestperf/shell.py +++ b/tests/migration/guestperf/shell.py @@ -18,12 +18,14 @@ # -import argparse -import fnmatch import os import os.path -import platform import sys +sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), + '..', '..', '..', 'scripts')) +import argparse +import fnmatch +import platform from guestperf.hardware import Hardware from guestperf.engine import Engine -- cgit v1.2.3-55-g7522 From fb9429ddc124c46731185b2781804d4fd39b658c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fred Rolland Date: Wed, 23 Aug 2017 11:48:30 +0300 Subject: qemu-doc: Add UUID support in initiator name Update doc with the usage of UUID for initiator name. Related-To: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/1006468 Signed-off-by: Fred Rolland Message-id: 20170823084830.30500-1-frolland@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi --- qemu-doc.texi | 5 +++-- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/qemu-doc.texi b/qemu-doc.texi index 9811476ac1..4076226f39 100644 --- a/qemu-doc.texi +++ b/qemu-doc.texi @@ -1066,10 +1066,11 @@ in a configuration file provided via '-readconfig' or directly on the command line. If the initiator-name is not specified qemu will use a default name -of 'iqn.2008-11.org.linux-kvm[:'] where is the name of the +of 'iqn.2008-11.org.linux-kvm[:'] where is the UUID of the +virtual machine. If the UUID is not specified qemu will use +'iqn.2008-11.org.linux-kvm[:'] where is the name of the virtual machine. - @example Setting a specific initiator name to use when logging in to the target -iscsi initiator-name=iqn.qemu.test:my-initiator -- cgit v1.2.3-55-g7522 From 3e4c705212abfe8c9882a00beb2d1466a8a53cec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Stefan Hajnoczi Date: Mon, 21 Aug 2017 14:55:30 +0100 Subject: qcow2: allocate cluster_cache/cluster_data on demand Most qcow2 files are uncompressed so it is wasteful to allocate (32 + 1) * cluster_size + 512 bytes upfront. Allocate s->cluster_cache and s->cluster_data when the first read operation is performance on a compressed cluster. The buffers are freed in .bdrv_close(). .bdrv_open() no longer has any code paths that can allocate these buffers, so remove the free functions in the error code path. This patch can result in significant memory savings when many qcow2 disks are attached or backing file chains are long: Before 12.81% (1,023,193,088B) After 5.36% (393,893,888B) Reported-by: Alexey Kardashevskiy Tested-by: Alexey Kardashevskiy Reviewed-by: Eric Blake Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi Message-id: 20170821135530.32344-1-stefanha@redhat.com Cc: Kevin Wolf Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi --- block/qcow2-cluster.c | 17 +++++++++++++++++ block/qcow2.c | 12 ------------ 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-) diff --git a/block/qcow2-cluster.c b/block/qcow2-cluster.c index f06c08f64c..8538533102 100644 --- a/block/qcow2-cluster.c +++ b/block/qcow2-cluster.c @@ -1516,6 +1516,23 @@ int qcow2_decompress_cluster(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t cluster_offset) nb_csectors = ((cluster_offset >> s->csize_shift) & s->csize_mask) + 1; sector_offset = coffset & 511; csize = nb_csectors * 512 - sector_offset; + + /* Allocate buffers on first decompress operation, most images are + * uncompressed and the memory overhead can be avoided. The buffers + * are freed in .bdrv_close(). + */ + if (!s->cluster_data) { + /* one more sector for decompressed data alignment */ + s->cluster_data = qemu_try_blockalign(bs->file->bs, + QCOW_MAX_CRYPT_CLUSTERS * s->cluster_size + 512); + if (!s->cluster_data) { + return -ENOMEM; + } + } + if (!s->cluster_cache) { + s->cluster_cache = g_malloc(s->cluster_size); + } + BLKDBG_EVENT(bs->file, BLKDBG_READ_COMPRESSED); ret = bdrv_read(bs->file, coffset >> 9, s->cluster_data, nb_csectors); diff --git a/block/qcow2.c b/block/qcow2.c index fbfffadc76..a3679c69e8 100644 --- a/block/qcow2.c +++ b/block/qcow2.c @@ -1360,16 +1360,6 @@ static int qcow2_do_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags, goto fail; } - s->cluster_cache = g_malloc(s->cluster_size); - /* one more sector for decompressed data alignment */ - s->cluster_data = qemu_try_blockalign(bs->file->bs, QCOW_MAX_CRYPT_CLUSTERS - * s->cluster_size + 512); - if (s->cluster_data == NULL) { - error_setg(errp, "Could not allocate temporary cluster buffer"); - ret = -ENOMEM; - goto fail; - } - s->cluster_cache_offset = -1; s->flags = flags; @@ -1507,8 +1497,6 @@ static int qcow2_do_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags, if (s->refcount_block_cache) { qcow2_cache_destroy(bs, s->refcount_block_cache); } - g_free(s->cluster_cache); - qemu_vfree(s->cluster_data); qcrypto_block_free(s->crypto); qapi_free_QCryptoBlockOpenOptions(s->crypto_opts); return ret; -- cgit v1.2.3-55-g7522