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authorMichael Brown2005-04-08 17:01:17 +0200
committerMichael Brown2005-04-08 17:01:17 +0200
commit0ff80b477dcff0726ebdbed95e8a93971e59e82b (patch)
tree860b7150212a07c24a9529ea072f3fb12700974c /src/arch/i386/transitions/librm.S
parentMerged this file into HEAD (diff)
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Merged mcb30-realmode-redesign back to HEAD
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+/*
+ * librm: a library for interfacing to real-mode code
+ *
+ * Michael Brown <mbrown@fensystems.co.uk>
+ *
+ */
+
+/* Drag in local definitions */
+#include "librm.h"
+
+/****************************************************************************
+ * This file defines librm: a block of code that is designed to reside
+ * permanently in base memory and provide the interface between
+ * real-mode code running in base memory and protected-mode code
+ * running in high memory. It provides the following functions:
+ *
+ * real_to_prot & switch between real and protected mode
+ * prot_to_real while running in base memory, preserving
+ * all non-segment registers
+ *
+ * real_call issue a call to a real-mode routine from
+ * protected-mode code running in high memory
+ *
+ * prot_call issue a call to a protected-mode routine from
+ * real-mode code running in base memory
+ *
+ * librm requires the following functions to be present in the
+ * protected-mode code:
+ *
+ * _phys_to_virt Switch from physical to virtual addressing. This
+ * routine must be position-independent and must
+ * *not* assume that it is genuinely running with
+ * flat physical addresses
+ *
+ * _virt_to_phys Switch from virtual to physical addresses.
+ *
+ * gateA20_set Enable the A20 line to permit access to the odd
+ * megabytes of RAM. (This function will be called
+ * with virtual addresses set up).
+ *
+ * librm needs to be linked against the protected-mode binary so that
+ * it can import the symbols for these functions.
+ *
+ * librm requires that the protected-mode code set up the following
+ * segments:
+ *
+ * PHYSICAL_CS 32-bit pmode code and data segments with flat
+ * PHYSICAL_DS physical addresses.
+ *
+ * VIRTUAL_CS 32-bit pmode code segment with virtual
+ * addressing, such that a protected-mode routine
+ * can always be found at $VIRTUAL_CS:routine.
+ *
+ * These segments must be set as #define constants when compiling
+ * librm. Edit librm.h to change the values.
+ *
+ * librm does not know the location of the code executing in high
+ * memory. It relies on the code running in high memory setting up a
+ * GDT such that the high-memory code is accessible at virtual
+ * addresses fixed at compile-time.
+ *
+ * librm symbols are exported as absolute values and represent offsets
+ * into librm. This is the most useful form of the symbols, since
+ * librm is basically a binary blob that you place somewhere in base
+ * memory.
+ *
+ * librm.h provides convenient ways to use these symbols: you simply
+ * set the pointer ( char * ) installed_librm to point to wherever
+ * librm is installed, and can then use e.g. inst_rm_stack just like
+ * any other variable and have it automatically refer to the value of
+ * rm_stack in the installed librm. Macro trickery makes this
+ * completely transparent, and the resulting assembler code is
+ * amazingly efficient.
+ *
+ * Note that librm must be called in genuine real mode, not 16:16 or
+ * 16:32 protected mode. It makes the assumption that
+ * physical_address = 16*segment+offset, and also that it can use
+ * OFFSET(%bp) to access stack variables. The former assumption will
+ * break in either protected mode, the latter may break in 16:32
+ * protected mode.
+ ****************************************************************************
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Default values for pmode segments if not defined
+ */
+#ifndef PHYSICAL_CS
+#warning "Assuming PHYSICAL_CS = 0x08"
+#define PHYSICAL_CS 0x08
+#endif
+#ifndef PHYSICAL_DS
+#warning "Assuming PHYSICAL_DS = 0x10"
+#define PHYSICAL_DS 0x10
+#endif
+#ifndef VIRTUAL_CS
+#warning "Assuming VIRTUAL_CS = 0x18"
+#define VIRTUAL_CS 0x18
+#endif
+
+/* For switches to/from protected mode */
+#define CR0_PE 1
+
+/* Size of various C data structures */
+#define SIZEOF_I386_SEG_REGS 12
+#define SIZEOF_I386_REGS 32
+#define SIZEOF_I386_ALL_REGS ( SIZEOF_I386_SEG_REGS + SIZEOF_I386_REGS )
+#define SIZEOF_I386_FLAGS 4
+#define SIZEOF_REAL_MODE_REGS ( SIZEOF_I386_ALL_REGS + SIZEOF_I386_FLAGS )
+#define SIZEOF_SEGOFF_T 4
+#define SIZEOF_REAL_CALL_PARAMS ( SIZEOF_I386_ALL_REGS + 2 * SIZEOF_SEGOFF_T )
+
+ .text
+ .arch i386
+ .section ".librm", "awx", @progbits
+ .align 16
+
+ .globl librm
+librm:
+
+_librm_start:
+
+#undef OFFSET
+#define OFFSET(sym) ( sym - _librm_start )
+
+#undef EXPORT
+#define EXPORT(sym) \
+ .globl sym ; \
+ .globl _ ## sym ; \
+ .equ _ ## sym, OFFSET(sym) ; \
+ sym
+
+/****************************************************************************
+ * GDT for initial transition to protected mode
+ *
+ * PHYSICAL_CS and PHYSICAL_DS are defined in an external header file.
+ * We use only those selectors, and construct our GDT to match the
+ * selector values we're asked to use. Use PHYSICAL_CS=0x08 and
+ * PHYSICAL_DS=0x10 to minimise the space occupied by this GDT.
+ *
+ * Note: pm_gdt is also used to store the location of the
+ * protected-mode GDT as recorded on entry to prot_to_real.
+ ****************************************************************************
+ */
+ .align 16
+pm_gdt:
+pm_gdt_limit: .word pm_gdt_length - 1
+pm_gdt_addr: .long 0
+ .word 0 /* padding */
+
+ .org pm_gdt + PHYSICAL_CS
+pm_gdt_pm_cs:
+ /* 32 bit protected mode code segment, physical addresses */
+ .word 0xffff, 0
+ .byte 0, 0x9f, 0xcf, 0
+
+ .org pm_gdt + PHYSICAL_DS
+pm_gdt_pm_ds:
+ /* 32 bit protected mode data segment, physical addresses */
+ .word 0xffff,0
+ .byte 0,0x93,0xcf,0
+
+pm_gdt_end:
+ .equ pm_gdt_length, pm_gdt_end - pm_gdt
+
+/****************************************************************************
+ * GDT for transition to real mode
+ *
+ * This is used primarily to set 64kB segment limits. Define
+ * FLATTEN_REAL_MODE if you want to use so-called "flat real mode"
+ * with 4GB limits instead. The base address of each of the segments
+ * will be adjusted at run-time.
+ *
+ * NOTE: This must be located before prot_to_real, otherwise gas
+ * throws a "can't handle non absolute segment in `ljmp'" error due to
+ * not knowing the value of RM_CS when the ljmp is encountered.
+ *
+ * Note also that putting ".word rm_gdt_end - rm_gdt - 1" directly
+ * into rm_gdt_limit, rather than going via rm_gdt_length, will also
+ * produce the "non absolute segment" error. This is most probably a
+ * bug in gas.
+ ****************************************************************************
+ */
+
+#ifdef FLATTEN_REAL_MODE
+#define RM_LIMIT_16_19__AVL__SIZE__GRANULARITY 0x8f
+#else
+#define RM_LIMIT_16_19__AVL__SIZE__GRANULARITY 0x00
+#endif
+ .align 16
+rm_gdt:
+rm_gdt_limit: .word rm_gdt_length - 1
+rm_gdt_base: .long 0
+ .word 0 /* padding */
+
+rm_gdt_rm_cs: /* 16 bit real mode code segment */
+ .equ RM_CS, rm_gdt_rm_cs - rm_gdt
+ .word 0xffff,(0&0xffff)
+ .byte (0>>16),0x9b,RM_LIMIT_16_19__AVL__SIZE__GRANULARITY,(0>>24)
+
+rm_gdt_rm_ds: /* 16 bit real mode data segment */
+ .equ RM_DS, rm_gdt_rm_ds - rm_gdt
+ .word 0xffff,(0&0xffff)
+ .byte (0>>16),0x93,RM_LIMIT_16_19__AVL__SIZE__GRANULARITY,(0>>24)
+
+rm_gdt_end:
+ .equ rm_gdt_length, rm_gdt_end - rm_gdt
+
+/****************************************************************************
+ * real_to_prot (real-mode far call)
+ *
+ * Switch from 16-bit real-mode to 32-bit protected mode with flat
+ * physical addresses. %esp is restored from the saved pm_esp. All
+ * segment registers are set to flat physical-mode values. All other
+ * registers are preserved. Interrupts are disabled.
+ *
+ * Note that this routine can be called *without* having first set up
+ * a stored pm_esp or stored GDT. If you do this, real_to_prot will
+ * return with a temporary stack that is only *FOUR BYTES* in size.
+ * This is just enough to enable you to do a "call 1f; popl %ebp"
+ * sequence in order to find out your physical address and then load a
+ * proper 32-bit protected-mode stack pointer. Do *NOT* use more than
+ * four bytes since this will overwrite code in librm!
+ *
+ * Parameters: none
+ ****************************************************************************
+ */
+
+ .code16
+EXPORT(real_to_prot):
+ /* Disable interrupts */
+ cli
+
+ /* Set %ds = %cs, for easier access to variables */
+ pushw %cs
+ popw %ds
+
+ /* Preserve registers */
+ movl %eax, %ds:OFFSET(save_eax)
+ movl %ebx, %ds:OFFSET(save_ebx)
+
+ /* Extract real-mode far return address from stack */
+ popl %ds:OFFSET(save_retaddr)
+
+ /* Record real-mode stack pointer */
+ movw %sp, %ds:OFFSET(rm_sp)
+ pushw %ss
+ popw %ds:OFFSET(rm_ss)
+
+ /* Physical base address of librm to %ebx */
+ xorl %ebx, %ebx
+ movw %cs, %bx
+ shll $4, %ebx
+
+ /* Check base address of stored protected-mode GDT. If it's
+ * zero, set it up to use our internal GDT (with physical
+ * segments only).
+ */
+ movl %ds:OFFSET(pm_gdt_addr), %eax
+ testl %eax, %eax
+ jnz 1f
+ /* Use internal GDT */
+ movl %ebx, %eax
+ addl $OFFSET(pm_gdt), %eax
+ movl %eax, %ds:OFFSET(pm_gdt_addr)
+1:
+
+ /* Set up protected-mode continuation address on real-mode stack */
+ pushl $PHYSICAL_CS
+ movl %ebx, %eax
+ addl $OFFSET(1f), %eax
+ pushl %eax
+
+ /* Restore protected-mode GDT */
+ lgdt %ds:OFFSET(pm_gdt)
+
+ /* Switch to protected mode */
+ movl %cr0, %eax
+ orb $CR0_PE, %al
+ movl %eax, %cr0
+
+ /* Flush prefetch queue and reload %cs:eip */
+ data32 lret
+1: .code32
+
+ /* Set up protected-mode stack and data segments */
+ movw $PHYSICAL_DS, %ax
+ movw %ax, %ds
+ movw %ax, %es
+ movw %ax, %fs
+ movw %ax, %gs
+ movw %ax, %ss
+
+ /* Switch to saved protected-mode stack. Note that there may
+ * not actually *be* a saved protected-mode stack.
+ */
+ movl OFFSET(pm_esp)(%ebx), %esp
+ testl %esp, %esp
+ jnz 1f
+ /* No stack - use save_retaddr as a 4-byte temporary stack */
+ leal OFFSET(save_retaddr+4)(%ebx), %esp
+1:
+
+ /* Convert real-mode far return address to physical address
+ * and place on stack
+ */
+ pushl OFFSET(save_retaddr)(%ebx)
+ xorl %eax, %eax
+ xchgw 2(%esp), %ax
+ shll $4, %eax
+ addl %eax, 0(%esp)
+
+ /* Restore registers and return */
+ movl OFFSET(save_eax)(%ebx), %eax
+ movl OFFSET(save_ebx)(%ebx), %ebx
+ ret
+
+/****************************************************************************
+ * prot_to_real (protected-mode near call, physical addresses)
+ *
+ * Switch from 32-bit protected mode with flat physical addresses to
+ * 16-bit real mode. %ss:sp is restored from the saved rm_ss and
+ * rm_sp. %cs is set such that %cs:0000 is the start of librm. All
+ * other segment registers are set to %ss. All other registers are
+ * preserved. Interrupts are *not* enabled, since we want to be able
+ * to use this routine inside an ISR.
+ *
+ * Note that since %cs:0000 points to the start of librm on exit, it
+ * follows that the code calling prot_to_real must be located within
+ * 64kB of the start of librm.
+ *
+ * Parameters: none
+ ****************************************************************************
+ */
+
+ .code32
+EXPORT(prot_to_real):
+ /* Calculate physical base address of librm in %ebx, preserve
+ * original %eax and %ebx in save_eax and save_ebx
+ */
+ pushl %ebx
+ call 1f
+1: popl %ebx
+ subl $OFFSET(1b), %ebx
+ popl OFFSET(save_ebx)(%ebx)
+ movl %eax, OFFSET(save_eax)(%ebx)
+
+ /* Extract return address from the stack, convert to offset
+ * within librm and save in save_retaddr
+ */
+ popl %eax
+ subl %ebx, %eax
+ movl %eax, OFFSET(save_retaddr)(%ebx)
+
+ /* Record protected-mode stack pointer */
+ movl %esp, OFFSET(pm_esp)(%ebx)
+
+ /* Record protected-mode GDT */
+ sgdt OFFSET(pm_gdt)(%ebx)
+
+ /* Set up real-mode GDT */
+ leal OFFSET(rm_gdt)(%ebx), %eax
+ movl %eax, OFFSET(rm_gdt_base)(%ebx)
+ movl %ebx, %eax
+ rorl $16, %eax
+ movw %bx, OFFSET(rm_gdt_rm_cs+2)(%ebx)
+ movb %al, OFFSET(rm_gdt_rm_cs+4)(%ebx)
+ movw %bx, OFFSET(rm_gdt_rm_ds+2)(%ebx)
+ movb %al, OFFSET(rm_gdt_rm_ds+4)(%ebx)
+
+ /* Switch to real-mode GDT and reload segment registers to get
+ * 64kB limits. Stack is invalidated by this process.
+ */
+ lgdt OFFSET(rm_gdt)(%ebx)
+ ljmp $RM_CS, $1f
+1: .code16
+ movw $RM_DS, %ax
+ movw %ax, %ds
+ movw %ax, %es
+ movw %ax, %fs
+ movw %ax, %gs
+ movw %ax, %ss
+
+ /* Calculate real-mode code segment in %ax and store in ljmp
+ * instruction
+ */
+ movl %ebx, %eax
+ shrl $4, %eax
+ movw %ax, OFFSET(p2r_ljmp) + 3
+
+ /* Switch to real mode */
+ movl %cr0, %ebx
+ andb $0!CR0_PE, %bl
+ movl %ebx, %cr0
+
+ /* Intersegment jump to flush prefetch queue and reload
+ * %cs:eip. The segment gets filled in by the above code. We
+ * can't just use lret to achieve this, because we have no
+ * stack at the moment.
+ */
+p2r_ljmp:
+ ljmp $0, $OFFSET(1f)
+1:
+
+ /* Set %ds to point to code segment for easier data access */
+ movw %ax, %ds
+
+ /* Restore registers */
+ movl OFFSET(save_eax), %eax
+ movl OFFSET(save_ebx), %ebx
+
+ /* Set up real-mode data segments and stack */
+ movw OFFSET(rm_ss), %ss
+ movw OFFSET(rm_sp), %sp
+ pushw %ss
+ pushw %ss
+ pushw %ss
+ pushw %ss
+ popw %ds
+ popw %es
+ popw %fs
+ popw %gs
+
+ /* Set up return address on stack and return */
+ pushw %cs:OFFSET(save_retaddr)
+ ret
+
+/****************************************************************************
+ * prot_call (real-mode far call)
+ *
+ * Call a specific C function in the protected-mode code. The
+ * prototype of the C function must be
+ * void function ( struct real_mode_regs *rm_regs,
+ * void (*retaddr) (void) );
+ * rm_regs will point to a struct containing the real-mode registers
+ * at entry to prot_call. retaddr will point to the (virtual) return
+ * address from "function". This return address will point into
+ * librm. It is included so that "function" may, if desired, relocate
+ * librm and return via the new copy. It must not be directly called
+ * as a function, i.e. you may not do "*retaddr()"; you must instead
+ * do something like:
+ * *retaddr += ( new_librm_location - old_librm_location );
+ * return;
+ *
+ * All registers will be preserved across prot_call(), unless the C
+ * function explicitly overwrites values in rm_regs. Interrupt status
+ * will also be preserved. Gate A20 will be enabled.
+ *
+ * Parameters:
+ * function : virtual address of protected-mode function to call
+ *
+ * Example usage:
+ * pushl $pxe_api_call
+ * lcall $LIBRM_SEGMENT, $prot_call
+ * addw $4, %sp
+ * to call in to the C function
+ * void pxe_api_call ( struct real_mode_regs *rm_regs );
+ ****************************************************************************
+ */
+
+#define PC_OFFSET_RM_REGS ( 0 )
+#define PC_OFFSET_RETADDR ( PC_OFFSET_RM_REGS + SIZEOF_REAL_MODE_REGS )
+#define PC_OFFSET_FUNCTION ( PC_OFFSET_RETADDR + 4 )
+
+ .code16
+EXPORT(prot_call):
+ /* Preserve registers and flags on RM stack */
+ pushfl
+ pushal
+ pushw %gs
+ pushw %fs
+ pushw %es
+ pushw %ds
+ pushw %ss
+ pushw %cs
+
+ /* Record RM stack pointer */
+ xorl %ebp, %ebp
+ movw %sp, %bp
+
+ /* Physical address of RM stack pointer to %esi */
+ xorl %esi, %esi
+ pushw %ss
+ popw %si
+ shll $4, %esi
+ addl %ebp, %esi
+
+ /* Address of pmode function to %ebx */
+ movl %ss:(PC_OFFSET_FUNCTION)(%bp), %ebx
+
+ /* Switch to protected mode */
+ pushw %cs
+ call real_to_prot
+ .code32
+
+ /* Copy rm_regs from RM stack to PM stack */
+ movl $SIZEOF_REAL_MODE_REGS, %ecx
+ subl %ecx, %esp
+ movl %esp, %edi
+ cld
+ rep movsb
+
+ /* Switch to virtual addresses. */
+ call 1f
+ jmp 2f
+1: ljmp $VIRTUAL_CS, $_phys_to_virt
+2:
+
+ /* Enable A20 line */
+ pushal
+ lcall $VIRTUAL_CS, $gateA20_set
+ popl %eax /* discard */
+ popal
+
+ /* Push &rm_regs and &retaddr on the stack, and call function */
+ movl %esp, %ebp
+ pushl %esp
+ subl $12, 0(%esp)
+ pushl %ebp
+ call *%ebx
+ popl %eax /* discard */
+ popl %eax /* discard */
+
+ /* Switch to physical addresses, discard PM register store */
+ lcall $VIRTUAL_CS, $_virt_to_phys
+ addl $SIZEOF_REAL_MODE_REGS+4, %esp /* also discard lcall seg */
+
+ /* Switch to real mode */
+ call prot_to_real
+ .code16
+
+ /* Restore registers and flags, and return */
+ popw %ax /* skip %cs */
+ popw %ax /* skip %ss */
+ popw %ds
+ popw %es
+ popw %fs
+ popw %gs
+ popal
+ popfl
+ lret
+
+/****************************************************************************
+ * real_call (protected-mode near call, virtual addresses)
+ *
+ * Call a real-mode function from protected-mode code.
+ *
+ * The non-segment register values will be passed directly to the
+ * real-mode code. The segment registers will be set as per
+ * prot_to_real. The non-segment register values set by the real-mode
+ * function will be passed back to the protected-mode caller. A
+ * result of this is that this routine cannot be called directly from
+ * C code, since it clobbers registers that the C ABI expects the
+ * callee to preserve. Gate A20 will be re-enabled in case the
+ * real-mode routine disabled it.
+ *
+ * librm.h defines two convenient macros for using real_call:
+ * REAL_CALL and REAL_EXEC. See librm.h and realmode.h for details
+ * and examples.
+ *
+ * Parameters:
+ * far pointer to real-mode function to call
+ *
+ * Returns: none
+ ****************************************************************************
+ */
+
+#define RC_OFFSET_PRESERVE_REGS ( 0 )
+#define RC_OFFSET_RETADDR ( RC_OFFSET_PRESERVE_REGS + 8 )
+#define RC_OFFSET_RM_FUNCTION ( RC_OFFSET_RETADDR + 4 )
+
+ .code32
+EXPORT(real_call):
+ /* Preserve registers */
+ pushl %ebp
+ pushl %eax
+
+ /* Switch to physical addresses */
+ lcall $VIRTUAL_CS, $_virt_to_phys
+ addl $4, %esp
+
+ /* Extract real-mode function address and store in ljmp instruction */
+ call 1f
+1: popl %ebp
+ movl RC_OFFSET_RM_FUNCTION(%esp), %eax
+ movl %eax, (rc_ljmp + 1 - 1b)(%ebp)
+
+ /* Restore registers */
+ popl %eax
+ popl %ebp
+
+ /* Switch to real mode, preserving non-segment registers */
+ call prot_to_real
+ .code16
+
+ /* Far call to real-mode routine */
+ pushw %cs
+ call rc_ljmp
+ jmp 2f
+rc_ljmp:
+ ljmp $0, $0 /* address filled in by above code */
+2:
+
+ /* Switch to protected mode */
+ pushw %cs
+ call real_to_prot
+ .code32
+
+ /* Switch to virtual addresses */
+ call 1f
+ jmp 2f
+1: ljmp $VIRTUAL_CS, $_phys_to_virt
+2:
+
+ /* Enable A20 line */
+ pushal
+ lcall $VIRTUAL_CS, $gateA20_set
+ popl %eax /* discard */
+ popal
+
+ /* Return */
+ ret
+
+/****************************************************************************
+ * Relocation lock counter
+ *
+ * librm may be moved in base memory only when this counter is zero.
+ * The counter gets incremented whenever a reference to librm is
+ * generated (e.g. a real_call is made, resulting in a return address
+ * pointing to librm being placed on the stack), and decremented when
+ * the reference goes out of scope (e.g. the real_call returns).
+ ****************************************************************************
+ */
+EXPORT(librm_ref_count): .byte 0
+
+/****************************************************************************
+ * Stored real-mode and protected-mode stack pointers
+ *
+ * The real-mode stack pointer is stored here whenever real_to_prot
+ * is called and restored whenever prot_to_real is called. The
+ * converse happens for the protected-mode stack pointer.
+ *
+ * Despite initial appearances this scheme is, in fact re-entrant,
+ * because program flow dictates that we always return via the point
+ * we left by. For example:
+ * PXE API call entry
+ * 1 real => prot
+ * ...
+ * Print a text string
+ * ...
+ * 2 prot => real
+ * INT 10
+ * 3 real => prot
+ * ...
+ * ...
+ * 4 prot => real
+ * PXE API call exit
+ *
+ * At point 1, the RM mode stack value, say RPXE, is stored in
+ * rm_ss,sp. We want this value to still be present in rm_ss,sp when
+ * we reach point 4.
+ *
+ * At point 2, the RM stack value is restored from RPXE. At point 3,
+ * the RM stack value is again stored in rm_ss,sp. This *does*
+ * overwrite the RPXE that we have stored there, but it's the same
+ * value, since the code between points 2 and 3 has managed to return
+ * to us.
+ ****************************************************************************
+ */
+
+EXPORT(rm_stack): /* comprises rm_ss and rm_sp */
+rm_sp: .word 0
+rm_ss: .word 0
+
+EXPORT(pm_stack):
+pm_esp: .long 0
+
+/****************************************************************************
+ * Temporary variables
+ ****************************************************************************
+ */
+save_eax: .long 0
+save_ebx: .long 0
+save_retaddr: .long 0
+
+/****************************************************************************
+ * End of librm
+ ****************************************************************************
+ */
+_librm_end:
+ .globl _librm_size
+ .equ _librm_size, _librm_end - _librm_start