/* memcontrol.c - Memory Controller * * Copyright IBM Corporation, 2007 * Author Balbir Singh * * Copyright 2007 OpenVZ SWsoft Inc * Author: Pavel Emelianov * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include struct cgroup_subsys mem_cgroup_subsys; static const int MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_RETRIES = 5; /* * The memory controller data structure. The memory controller controls both * page cache and RSS per cgroup. We would eventually like to provide * statistics based on the statistics developed by Rik Van Riel for clock-pro, * to help the administrator determine what knobs to tune. * * TODO: Add a water mark for the memory controller. Reclaim will begin when * we hit the water mark. May be even add a low water mark, such that * no reclaim occurs from a cgroup at it's low water mark, this is * a feature that will be implemented much later in the future. */ struct mem_cgroup { struct cgroup_subsys_state css; /* * the counter to account for memory usage */ struct res_counter res; /* * Per cgroup active and inactive list, similar to the * per zone LRU lists. * TODO: Consider making these lists per zone */ struct list_head active_list; struct list_head inactive_list; /* * spin_lock to protect the per cgroup LRU */ spinlock_t lru_lock; unsigned long control_type; /* control RSS or RSS+Pagecache */ }; /* * We use the lower bit of the page->page_cgroup pointer as a bit spin * lock. We need to ensure that page->page_cgroup is atleast two * byte aligned (based on comments from Nick Piggin) */ #define PAGE_CGROUP_LOCK_BIT 0x0 #define PAGE_CGROUP_LOCK (1 << PAGE_CGROUP_LOCK_BIT) /* * A page_cgroup page is associated with every page descriptor. The * page_cgroup helps us identify information about the cgroup */ struct page_cgroup { struct list_head lru; /* per cgroup LRU list */ struct page *page; struct mem_cgroup *mem_cgroup; atomic_t ref_cnt; /* Helpful when pages move b/w */ /* mapped and cached states */ }; enum { MEM_CGROUP_TYPE_UNSPEC = 0, MEM_CGROUP_TYPE_MAPPED, MEM_CGROUP_TYPE_CACHED, MEM_CGROUP_TYPE_ALL, MEM_CGROUP_TYPE_MAX, }; static struct mem_cgroup init_mem_cgroup; static inline struct mem_cgroup *mem_cgroup_from_cont(struct cgroup *cont) { return container_of(cgroup_subsys_state(cont, mem_cgroup_subsys_id), struct mem_cgroup, css); } static inline struct mem_cgroup *mem_cgroup_from_task(struct task_struct *p) { return container_of(task_subsys_state(p, mem_cgroup_subsys_id), struct mem_cgroup, css); } void mm_init_cgroup(struct mm_struct *mm, struct task_struct *p) { struct mem_cgroup *mem; mem = mem_cgroup_from_task(p); css_get(&mem->css); mm->mem_cgroup = mem; } void mm_free_cgroup(struct mm_struct *mm) { css_put(&mm->mem_cgroup->css); } static inline int page_cgroup_locked(struct page *page) { return bit_spin_is_locked(PAGE_CGROUP_LOCK_BIT, &page->page_cgroup); } void page_assign_page_cgroup(struct page *page, struct page_cgroup *pc) { int locked; /* * While resetting the page_cgroup we might not hold the * page_cgroup lock. free_hot_cold_page() is an example * of such a scenario */ if (pc) VM_BUG_ON(!page_cgroup_locked(page)); locked = (page->page_cgroup & PAGE_CGROUP_LOCK); page->page_cgroup = ((unsigned long)pc | locked); } struct page_cgroup *page_get_page_cgroup(struct page *page) { return (struct page_cgroup *) (page->page_cgroup & ~PAGE_CGROUP_LOCK); } static void __always_inline lock_page_cgroup(struct page *page) { bit_spin_lock(PAGE_CGROUP_LOCK_BIT, &page->page_cgroup); VM_BUG_ON(!page_cgroup_locked(page)); } static void __always_inline unlock_page_cgroup(struct page *page) { bit_spin_unlock(PAGE_CGROUP_LOCK_BIT, &page->page_cgroup); } /* * Tie new page_cgroup to struct page under lock_page_cgroup() * This can fail if the page has been tied to a page_cgroup. * If success, returns 0. */ static inline int page_cgroup_assign_new_page_cgroup(struct page *page, struct page_cgroup *pc) { int ret = 0; lock_page_cgroup(page); if (!page_get_page_cgroup(page)) page_assign_page_cgroup(page, pc); else /* A page is tied to other pc. */ ret = 1; unlock_page_cgroup(page); return ret; } /* * Clear page->page_cgroup member under lock_page_cgroup(). * If given "pc" value is different from one page->page_cgroup, * page->cgroup is not cleared. * Returns a value of page->page_cgroup at lock taken. * A can can detect failure of clearing by following * clear_page_cgroup(page, pc) == pc */ static inline struct page_cgroup * clear_page_cgroup(struct page *page, struct page_cgroup *pc) { struct page_cgroup *ret; /* lock and clear */ lock_page_cgroup(page); ret = page_get_page_cgroup(page); if (likely(ret == pc)) page_assign_page_cgroup(page, NULL); unlock_page_cgroup(page); return ret; } static void __mem_cgroup_move_lists(struct page_cgroup *pc, bool active) { if (active) list_move(&pc->lru, &pc->mem_cgroup->active_list); else list_move(&pc->lru, &pc->mem_cgroup->inactive_list); } int task_in_mem_cgroup(struct task_struct *task, const struct mem_cgroup *mem) { int ret; task_lock(task); ret = task->mm && mm_cgroup(task->mm) == mem; task_unlock(task); return ret; } /* * This routine assumes that the appropriate zone's lru lock is already held */ void mem_cgroup_move_lists(struct page_cgroup *pc, bool active) { struct mem_cgroup *mem; if (!pc) return; mem = pc->mem_cgroup; spin_lock(&mem->lru_lock); __mem_cgroup_move_lists(pc, active); spin_unlock(&mem->lru_lock); } unsigned long mem_cgroup_isolate_pages(unsigned long nr_to_scan, struct list_head *dst, unsigned long *scanned, int order, int mode, struct zone *z, struct mem_cgroup *mem_cont, int active) { unsigned long nr_taken = 0; struct page *page; unsigned long scan; LIST_HEAD(pc_list); struct list_head *src; struct page_cgroup *pc, *tmp; if (active) src = &mem_cont->active_list; else src = &mem_cont->inactive_list; spin_lock(&mem_cont->lru_lock); scan = 0; list_for_each_entry_safe_reverse(pc, tmp, src, lru) { if (scan >= nr_to_scan) break; page = pc->page; VM_BUG_ON(!pc); if (unlikely(!PageLRU(page))) continue; if (PageActive(page) && !active) { __mem_cgroup_move_lists(pc, true); continue; } if (!PageActive(page) && active) { __mem_cgroup_move_lists(pc, false); continue; } /* * Reclaim, per zone * TODO: make the active/inactive lists per zone */ if (page_zone(page) != z) continue; scan++; list_move(&pc->lru, &pc_list); if (__isolate_lru_page(page, mode) == 0) { list_move(&page->lru, dst); nr_taken++; } } list_splice(&pc_list, src); spin_unlock(&mem_cont->lru_lock); *scanned = scan; return nr_taken; } /* * Charge the memory controller for page usage. * Return * 0 if the charge was successful * < 0 if the cgroup is over its limit */ int mem_cgroup_charge(struct page *page, struct mm_struct *mm, gfp_t gfp_mask) { struct mem_cgroup *mem; struct page_cgroup *pc; unsigned long flags; unsigned long nr_retries = MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_RETRIES; /* * Should page_cgroup's go to their own slab? * One could optimize the performance of the charging routine * by saving a bit in the page_flags and using it as a lock * to see if the cgroup page already has a page_cgroup associated * with it */ retry: lock_page_cgroup(page); pc = page_get_page_cgroup(page); /* * The page_cgroup exists and the page has already been accounted */ if (pc) { if (unlikely(!atomic_inc_not_zero(&pc->ref_cnt))) { /* this page is under being uncharged ? */ unlock_page_cgroup(page); cpu_relax(); goto retry; } else { unlock_page_cgroup(page); goto done; } } unlock_page_cgroup(page); pc = kzalloc(sizeof(struct page_cgroup), gfp_mask); if (pc == NULL) goto err; rcu_read_lock(); /* * We always charge the cgroup the mm_struct belongs to * the mm_struct's mem_cgroup changes on task migration if the * thread group leader migrates. It's possible that mm is not * set, if so charge the init_mm (happens for pagecache usage). */ if (!mm) mm = &init_mm; mem = rcu_dereference(mm->mem_cgroup); /* * For every charge from the cgroup, increment reference * count */ css_get(&mem->css); rcu_read_unlock(); /* * If we created the page_cgroup, we should free it on exceeding * the cgroup limit. */ while (res_counter_charge(&mem->res, PAGE_SIZE)) { bool is_atomic = gfp_mask & GFP_ATOMIC; /* * We cannot reclaim under GFP_ATOMIC, fail the charge */ if (is_atomic) goto noreclaim; if (try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages(mem, gfp_mask)) continue; /* * try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages() might not give us a full * picture of reclaim. Some pages are reclaimed and might be * moved to swap cache or just unmapped from the cgroup. * Check the limit again to see if the reclaim reduced the * current usage of the cgroup before giving up */ if (res_counter_check_under_limit(&mem->res)) continue; /* * Since we control both RSS and cache, we end up with a * very interesting scenario where we end up reclaiming * memory (essentially RSS), since the memory is pushed * to swap cache, we eventually end up adding those * pages back to our list. Hence we give ourselves a * few chances before we fail */ else if (nr_retries--) { congestion_wait(WRITE, HZ/10); continue; } noreclaim: css_put(&mem->css); if (!is_atomic) mem_cgroup_out_of_memory(mem, GFP_KERNEL); goto free_pc; } atomic_set(&pc->ref_cnt, 1); pc->mem_cgroup = mem; pc->page = page; if (page_cgroup_assign_new_page_cgroup(page, pc)) { /* * an another charge is added to this page already. * we do take lock_page_cgroup(page) again and read * page->cgroup, increment refcnt.... just retry is OK. */ res_counter_uncharge(&mem->res, PAGE_SIZE); css_put(&mem->css); kfree(pc); goto retry; } spin_lock_irqsave(&mem->lru_lock, flags); list_add(&pc->lru, &mem->active_list); spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mem->lru_lock, flags); done: return 0; free_pc: kfree(pc); err: return -ENOMEM; } /* * See if the cached pages should be charged at all? */ int mem_cgroup_cache_charge(struct page *page, struct mm_struct *mm, gfp_t gfp_mask) { struct mem_cgroup *mem; if (!mm) mm = &init_mm; mem = rcu_dereference(mm->mem_cgroup); if (mem->control_type == MEM_CGROUP_TYPE_ALL) return mem_cgroup_charge(page, mm, gfp_mask); else return 0; } /* * Uncharging is always a welcome operation, we never complain, simply * uncharge. */ void mem_cgroup_uncharge(struct page_cgroup *pc) { struct mem_cgroup *mem; struct page *page; unsigned long flags; /* * This can handle cases when a page is not charged at all and we * are switching between handling the control_type. */ if (!pc) return; if (atomic_dec_and_test(&pc->ref_cnt)) { page = pc->page; /* * get page->cgroup and clear it under lock. * force_empty can drop page->cgroup without checking refcnt. */ if (clear_page_cgroup(page, pc) == pc) { mem = pc->mem_cgroup; css_put(&mem->css); res_counter_uncharge(&mem->res, PAGE_SIZE); spin_lock_irqsave(&mem->lru_lock, flags); list_del_init(&pc->lru); spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mem->lru_lock, flags); kfree(pc); } } } /* * Returns non-zero if a page (under migration) has valid page_cgroup member. * Refcnt of page_cgroup is incremented. */ int mem_cgroup_prepare_migration(struct page *page) { struct page_cgroup *pc; int ret = 0; lock_page_cgroup(page); pc = page_get_page_cgroup(page); if (pc && atomic_inc_not_zero(&pc->ref_cnt)) ret = 1; unlock_page_cgroup(page); return ret; } void mem_cgroup_end_migration(struct page *page) { struct page_cgroup *pc = page_get_page_cgroup(page); mem_cgroup_uncharge(pc); } /* * We know both *page* and *newpage* are now not-on-LRU and Pg_locked. * And no race with uncharge() routines because page_cgroup for *page* * has extra one reference by mem_cgroup_prepare_migration. */ void mem_cgroup_page_migration(struct page *page, struct page *newpage) { struct page_cgroup *pc; retry: pc = page_get_page_cgroup(page); if (!pc) return; if (clear_page_cgroup(page, pc) != pc) goto retry; pc->page = newpage; lock_page_cgroup(newpage); page_assign_page_cgroup(newpage, pc); unlock_page_cgroup(newpage); return; } /* * This routine traverse page_cgroup in given list and drop them all. * This routine ignores page_cgroup->ref_cnt. * *And* this routine doesn't reclaim page itself, just removes page_cgroup. */ #define FORCE_UNCHARGE_BATCH (128) static void mem_cgroup_force_empty_list(struct mem_cgroup *mem, struct list_head *list) { struct page_cgroup *pc; struct page *page; int count; unsigned long flags; retry: count = FORCE_UNCHARGE_BATCH; spin_lock_irqsave(&mem->lru_lock, flags); while (--count && !list_empty(list)) { pc = list_entry(list->prev, struct page_cgroup, lru); page = pc->page; /* Avoid race with charge */ atomic_set(&pc->ref_cnt, 0); if (clear_page_cgroup(page, pc) == pc) { css_put(&mem->css); res_counter_uncharge(&mem->res, PAGE_SIZE); list_del_init(&pc->lru); kfree(pc); } else /* being uncharged ? ...do relax */ break; } spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mem->lru_lock, flags); if (!list_empty(list)) { cond_resched(); goto retry; } return; } /* * make mem_cgroup's charge to be 0 if there is no task. * This enables deleting this mem_cgroup. */ int mem_cgroup_force_empty(struct mem_cgroup *mem) { int ret = -EBUSY; css_get(&mem->css); /* * page reclaim code (kswapd etc..) will move pages between ` * active_list <-> inactive_list while we don't take a lock. * So, we have to do loop here until all lists are empty. */ while (!(list_empty(&mem->active_list) && list_empty(&mem->inactive_list))) { if (atomic_read(&mem->css.cgroup->count) > 0) goto out; /* drop all page_cgroup in active_list */ mem_cgroup_force_empty_list(mem, &mem->active_list); /* drop all page_cgroup in inactive_list */ mem_cgroup_force_empty_list(mem, &mem->inactive_list); } ret = 0; out: css_put(&mem->css); return ret; } int mem_cgroup_write_strategy(char *buf, unsigned long long *tmp) { *tmp = memparse(buf, &buf); if (*buf != '\0') return -EINVAL; /* * Round up the value to the closest page size */ *tmp = ((*tmp + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT) << PAGE_SHIFT; return 0; } static ssize_t mem_cgroup_read(struct cgroup *cont, struct cftype *cft, struct file *file, char __user *userbuf, size_t nbytes, loff_t *ppos) { return res_counter_read(&mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont)->res, cft->private, userbuf, nbytes, ppos, NULL); } static ssize_t mem_cgroup_write(struct cgroup *cont, struct cftype *cft, struct file *file, const char __user *userbuf, size_t nbytes, loff_t *ppos) { return res_counter_write(&mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont)->res, cft->private, userbuf, nbytes, ppos, mem_cgroup_write_strategy); } static ssize_t mem_control_type_write(struct cgroup *cont, struct cftype *cft, struct file *file, const char __user *userbuf, size_t nbytes, loff_t *pos) { int ret; char *buf, *end; unsigned long tmp; struct mem_cgroup *mem; mem = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont); buf = kmalloc(nbytes + 1, GFP_KERNEL); ret = -ENOMEM; if (buf == NULL) goto out; buf[nbytes] = 0; ret = -EFAULT; if (copy_from_user(buf, userbuf, nbytes)) goto out_free; ret = -EINVAL; tmp = simple_strtoul(buf, &end, 10); if (*end != '\0') goto out_free; if (tmp <= MEM_CGROUP_TYPE_UNSPEC || tmp >= MEM_CGROUP_TYPE_MAX) goto out_free; mem->control_type = tmp; ret = nbytes; out_free: kfree(buf); out: return ret; } static ssize_t mem_control_type_read(struct cgroup *cont, struct cftype *cft, struct file *file, char __user *userbuf, size_t nbytes, loff_t *ppos) { unsigned long val; char buf[64], *s; struct mem_cgroup *mem; mem = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont); s = buf; val = mem->control_type; s += sprintf(s, "%lu\n", val); return simple_read_from_buffer((void __user *)userbuf, nbytes, ppos, buf, s - buf); } static ssize_t mem_force_empty_write(struct cgroup *cont, struct cftype *cft, struct file *file, const char __user *userbuf, size_t nbytes, loff_t *ppos) { struct mem_cgroup *mem = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont); int ret; ret = mem_cgroup_force_empty(mem); if (!ret) ret = nbytes; return ret; } /* * Note: This should be removed if cgroup supports write-only file. */ static ssize_t mem_force_empty_read(struct cgroup *cont, struct cftype *cft, struct file *file, char __user *userbuf, size_t nbytes, loff_t *ppos) { return -EINVAL; } static struct cftype mem_cgroup_files[] = { { .name = "usage_in_bytes", .private = RES_USAGE, .read = mem_cgroup_read, }, { .name = "limit_in_bytes", .private = RES_LIMIT, .write = mem_cgroup_write, .read = mem_cgroup_read, }, { .name = "failcnt", .private = RES_FAILCNT, .read = mem_cgroup_read, }, { .name = "control_type", .write = mem_control_type_write, .read = mem_control_type_read, }, { .name = "force_empty", .write = mem_force_empty_write, .read = mem_force_empty_read, }, }; static struct mem_cgroup init_mem_cgroup; static struct cgroup_subsys_state * mem_cgroup_create(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cgroup *cont) { struct mem_cgroup *mem; if (unlikely((cont->parent) == NULL)) { mem = &init_mem_cgroup; init_mm.mem_cgroup = mem; } else mem = kzalloc(sizeof(struct mem_cgroup), GFP_KERNEL); if (mem == NULL) return NULL; res_counter_init(&mem->res); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mem->active_list); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mem->inactive_list); spin_lock_init(&mem->lru_lock); mem->control_type = MEM_CGROUP_TYPE_ALL; return &mem->css; } static void mem_cgroup_destroy(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cgroup *cont) { kfree(mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont)); } static int mem_cgroup_populate(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cgroup *cont) { return cgroup_add_files(cont, ss, mem_cgroup_files, ARRAY_SIZE(mem_cgroup_files)); } static void mem_cgroup_move_task(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cgroup *cont, struct cgroup *old_cont, struct task_struct *p) { struct mm_struct *mm; struct mem_cgroup *mem, *old_mem; mm = get_task_mm(p); if (mm == NULL) return; mem = mem_cgroup_from_cont(cont); old_mem = mem_cgroup_from_cont(old_cont); if (mem == old_mem) goto out; /* * Only thread group leaders are allowed to migrate, the mm_struct is * in effect owned by the leader */ if (p->tgid != p->pid) goto out; css_get(&mem->css); rcu_assign_pointer(mm->mem_cgroup, mem); css_put(&old_mem->css); out: mmput(mm); return; } struct cgroup_subsys mem_cgroup_subsys = { .name = "memory", .subsys_id = mem_cgroup_subsys_id, .create = mem_cgroup_create, .destroy = mem_cgroup_destroy, .populate = mem_cgroup_populate, .attach = mem_cgroup_move_task, .early_init = 1, };