/* * mkfs.minix.c - make a linux (minix) file-system. * * (C) 1991 Linus Torvalds. This file may be redistributed as per * the Linux copyright. */ /* * DD.MM.YY * * 24.11.91 - Time began. Used the fsck sources to get started. * * 25.11.91 - Corrected some bugs. Added support for ".badblocks" * The algorithm for ".badblocks" is a bit weird, but * it should work. Oh, well. * * 25.01.92 - Added the -l option for getting the list of bad blocks * out of a named file. (Dave Rivers, rivers@ponds.uucp) * * 28.02.92 - Added %-information when using -c. * * 28.02.93 - Added support for other namelengths than the original * 14 characters so that I can test the new kernel routines.. * * 09.10.93 - Make exit status conform to that required by fsutil * (Rik Faith, faith@cs.unc.edu) * * 31.10.93 - Added inode request feature, for backup floppies: use * 32 inodes, for a news partition use more. * (Scott Heavner, sdh@po.cwru.edu) * * 03.01.94 - Added support for file system valid flag. * (Dr. Wettstein, greg%wind.uucp@plains.nodak.edu) * * 30.10.94 - Added support for v2 filesystem * (Andreas Schwab, schwab@issan.informatik.uni-dortmund.de) * * 09.11.94 - Added test to prevent overwrite of mounted fs adapted * from Theodore Ts'o's (tytso@athena.mit.edu) mke2fs * program. (Daniel Quinlan, quinlan@yggdrasil.com) * * 03.20.95 - Clear first 512 bytes of filesystem to make certain that * the filesystem is not misidentified as a MS-DOS FAT filesystem. * (Daniel Quinlan, quinlan@yggdrasil.com) * * 02.07.96 - Added small patch from Russell King to make the program a * good deal more portable (janl@math.uio.no) * * Usage: mkfs [-c | -l filename ] [-v] [-nXX] [-iXX] device [size-in-blocks] * * -c for readablility checking (SLOW!) * -l for getting a list of bad blocks from a file. * -n for namelength (currently the kernel only uses 14 or 30) * -i for number of inodes * -v for v2 filesystem * * The device may be a block device or a image of one, but this isn't * enforced (but it's not much fun on a character device :-). */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "blkdev.h" #include "minix.h" #include "nls.h" #include "pathnames.h" #include "bitops.h" #include "mkfs.h" #define MINIX_ROOT_INO 1 #define MINIX_BAD_INO 2 #define TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS 16 #define MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS 512 #define UPPER(size,n) ((size+((n)-1))/(n)) #define INODE_SIZE (sizeof(struct minix_inode)) #define INODE_SIZE2 (sizeof(struct minix2_inode)) #define INODE_BLOCKS UPPER(INODES, (version2 ? MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK \ : MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK)) #define INODE_BUFFER_SIZE (INODE_BLOCKS * BLOCK_SIZE) #define BITS_PER_BLOCK (BLOCK_SIZE<<3) #define MAX_INODES 65535 static char * program_name = "mkfs"; static char * device_name = NULL; static int DEV = -1; static unsigned long long BLOCKS = 0; static int check = 0; static int badblocks = 0; static int namelen = 30; /* default (changed to 30, per Linus's suggestion, Sun Nov 21 08:05:07 1993) */ static int dirsize = 32; static int magic = MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC2; static int version2 = 0; static char root_block[BLOCK_SIZE] = "\0"; static char * inode_buffer = NULL; #define Inode (((struct minix_inode *) inode_buffer)-1) #define Inode2 (((struct minix2_inode *) inode_buffer)-1) static char *super_block_buffer; static char boot_block_buffer[512]; #define Super (*(struct minix_super_block *)super_block_buffer) #define INODES ((unsigned long)Super.s_ninodes) #define ZONES ((unsigned long)(version2 ? Super.s_zones : Super.s_nzones)) #define IMAPS ((unsigned long)Super.s_imap_blocks) #define ZMAPS ((unsigned long)Super.s_zmap_blocks) #define FIRSTZONE ((unsigned long)Super.s_firstdatazone) #define ZONESIZE ((unsigned long)Super.s_log_zone_size) #define MAXSIZE ((unsigned long)Super.s_max_size) #define NORM_FIRSTZONE (2+IMAPS+ZMAPS+INODE_BLOCKS) static char *inode_map; static char *zone_map; static unsigned short good_blocks_table[MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS]; static int used_good_blocks = 0; static unsigned long req_nr_inodes = 0; #define zone_in_use(x) (isset(zone_map,(x)-FIRSTZONE+1) != 0) #define mark_inode(x) (setbit(inode_map,(x))) #define unmark_inode(x) (clrbit(inode_map,(x))) #define mark_zone(x) (setbit(zone_map,(x)-FIRSTZONE+1)) #define unmark_zone(x) (clrbit(zone_map,(x)-FIRSTZONE+1)) static void __attribute__((__noreturn__)) usage(void) { errx(MKFS_USAGE, _("Usage: %s [-c | -l filename] [-nXX] [-iXX] /dev/name [blocks]"), program_name); } /* * Check to make certain that our new filesystem won't be created on * an already mounted partition. Code adapted from mke2fs, Copyright * (C) 1994 Theodore Ts'o. Also licensed under GPL. */ static void check_mount(void) { FILE * f; struct mntent * mnt; if ((f = setmntent (_PATH_MOUNTED, "r")) == NULL) return; while ((mnt = getmntent (f)) != NULL) if (strcmp (device_name, mnt->mnt_fsname) == 0) break; endmntent (f); if (!mnt) return; errx(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s is mounted; will not make a filesystem here!"), device_name); } static void write_tables(void) { /* Mark the super block valid. */ Super.s_state |= MINIX_VALID_FS; Super.s_state &= ~MINIX_ERROR_FS; if (lseek(DEV, 0, SEEK_SET)) err(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: seek to boot block failed " " in write_tables"), device_name); if (512 != write(DEV, boot_block_buffer, 512)) err(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: unable to clear boot sector"), device_name); if (BLOCK_SIZE != lseek(DEV, BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET)) err(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: seek failed in write_tables"), device_name); if (BLOCK_SIZE != write(DEV, super_block_buffer, BLOCK_SIZE)) err(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: unable to write super-block"), device_name); if (IMAPS*BLOCK_SIZE != write(DEV,inode_map,IMAPS*BLOCK_SIZE)) err(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: unable to write inode map"), device_name); if (ZMAPS*BLOCK_SIZE != write(DEV,zone_map,ZMAPS*BLOCK_SIZE)) err(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: unable to write zone map"), device_name); if (INODE_BUFFER_SIZE != write(DEV,inode_buffer,INODE_BUFFER_SIZE)) err(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: unable to write inodes"), device_name); } static void write_block(int blk, char * buffer) { if (blk*BLOCK_SIZE != lseek(DEV, blk*BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET)) errx(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: seek failed in write_block"), device_name); if (BLOCK_SIZE != write(DEV, buffer, BLOCK_SIZE)) errx(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: write failed in write_block"), device_name); } static int get_free_block(void) { int blk; if (used_good_blocks+1 >= MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS) errx(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: too many bad blocks"), device_name); if (used_good_blocks) blk = good_blocks_table[used_good_blocks-1]+1; else blk = FIRSTZONE; while (blk < ZONES && zone_in_use(blk)) blk++; if (blk >= ZONES) errx(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: not enough good blocks"), device_name); good_blocks_table[used_good_blocks] = blk; used_good_blocks++; return blk; } static void mark_good_blocks(void) { int blk; for (blk=0 ; blk < used_good_blocks ; blk++) mark_zone(good_blocks_table[blk]); } static inline int next(int zone) { if (!zone) zone = FIRSTZONE-1; while (++zone < ZONES) if (zone_in_use(zone)) return zone; return 0; } static void make_bad_inode(void) { struct minix_inode * inode = &Inode[MINIX_BAD_INO]; int i,j,zone; int ind=0,dind=0; unsigned short ind_block[BLOCK_SIZE>>1]; unsigned short dind_block[BLOCK_SIZE>>1]; #define NEXT_BAD (zone = next(zone)) if (!badblocks) return; mark_inode(MINIX_BAD_INO); inode->i_nlinks = 1; inode->i_time = time(NULL); inode->i_mode = S_IFREG + 0000; inode->i_size = badblocks*BLOCK_SIZE; zone = next(0); for (i=0 ; i<7 ; i++) { inode->i_zone[i] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } inode->i_zone[7] = ind = get_free_block(); memset(ind_block,0,BLOCK_SIZE); for (i=0 ; i<512 ; i++) { ind_block[i] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } inode->i_zone[8] = dind = get_free_block(); memset(dind_block,0,BLOCK_SIZE); for (i=0 ; i<512 ; i++) { write_block(ind,(char *) ind_block); dind_block[i] = ind = get_free_block(); memset(ind_block,0,BLOCK_SIZE); for (j=0 ; j<512 ; j++) { ind_block[j] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } } errx(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: too many bad blocks"), device_name); end_bad: if (ind) write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block); if (dind) write_block(dind, (char *) dind_block); } static void make_bad_inode2 (void) { struct minix2_inode *inode = &Inode2[MINIX_BAD_INO]; int i, j, zone; int ind = 0, dind = 0; unsigned long ind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2]; unsigned long dind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2]; if (!badblocks) return; mark_inode (MINIX_BAD_INO); inode->i_nlinks = 1; inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = time (NULL); inode->i_mode = S_IFREG + 0000; inode->i_size = badblocks * BLOCK_SIZE; zone = next (0); for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) { inode->i_zone[i] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } inode->i_zone[7] = ind = get_free_block (); memset (ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) { ind_block[i] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } inode->i_zone[8] = dind = get_free_block (); memset (dind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) { write_block (ind, (char *) ind_block); dind_block[i] = ind = get_free_block (); memset (ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); for (j = 0; j < 256; j++) { ind_block[j] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } } /* Could make triple indirect block here */ errx(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: too many bad blocks"), device_name); end_bad: if (ind) write_block (ind, (char *) ind_block); if (dind) write_block (dind, (char *) dind_block); } static void make_root_inode(void) { struct minix_inode * inode = &Inode[MINIX_ROOT_INO]; mark_inode(MINIX_ROOT_INO); inode->i_zone[0] = get_free_block(); inode->i_nlinks = 2; inode->i_time = time(NULL); if (badblocks) inode->i_size = 3*dirsize; else { root_block[2*dirsize] = '\0'; root_block[2*dirsize+1] = '\0'; inode->i_size = 2*dirsize; } inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR + 0755; inode->i_uid = getuid(); if (inode->i_uid) inode->i_gid = getgid(); write_block(inode->i_zone[0],root_block); } static void make_root_inode2 (void) { struct minix2_inode *inode = &Inode2[MINIX_ROOT_INO]; mark_inode (MINIX_ROOT_INO); inode->i_zone[0] = get_free_block (); inode->i_nlinks = 2; inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = time (NULL); if (badblocks) inode->i_size = 3 * dirsize; else { root_block[2 * dirsize] = '\0'; root_block[2 * dirsize + 1] = '\0'; inode->i_size = 2 * dirsize; } inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR + 0755; inode->i_uid = getuid(); if (inode->i_uid) inode->i_gid = getgid(); write_block (inode->i_zone[0], root_block); } static void setup_tables(void) { int i; unsigned long inodes; super_block_buffer = calloc(1, BLOCK_SIZE); if (!super_block_buffer) err(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: unable to alloc buffer for superblock"), device_name); memset(boot_block_buffer,0,512); Super.s_magic = magic; Super.s_log_zone_size = 0; Super.s_max_size = version2 ? 0x7fffffff : (7+512+512*512)*1024; if (version2) Super.s_zones = BLOCKS; else Super.s_nzones = BLOCKS; /* some magic nrs: 1 inode / 3 blocks */ if ( req_nr_inodes == 0 ) inodes = BLOCKS/3; else inodes = req_nr_inodes; /* Round up inode count to fill block size */ if (version2) inodes = ((inodes + MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1) & ~(MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1)); else inodes = ((inodes + MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1) & ~(MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1)); if (inodes > 65535) inodes = 65535; Super.s_ninodes = inodes; /* The old code here * ZMAPS = 0; * while (ZMAPS != UPPER(BLOCKS - NORM_FIRSTZONE + 1,BITS_PER_BLOCK)) * ZMAPS = UPPER(BLOCKS - NORM_FIRSTZONE + 1,BITS_PER_BLOCK); * was no good, since it may loop. - aeb */ Super.s_imap_blocks = UPPER(INODES + 1, BITS_PER_BLOCK); Super.s_zmap_blocks = UPPER(BLOCKS - (1+IMAPS+INODE_BLOCKS), BITS_PER_BLOCK+1); Super.s_firstdatazone = NORM_FIRSTZONE; inode_map = malloc(IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE); zone_map = malloc(ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE); if (!inode_map || !zone_map) err(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: unable to allocate buffers for maps"), device_name); memset(inode_map,0xff,IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE); memset(zone_map,0xff,ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE); for (i = FIRSTZONE ; i= ZONES) return; signal(SIGALRM,alarm_intr); alarm(5); if (!currently_testing) return; printf("%d ...", currently_testing); fflush(stdout); } static void check_blocks(void) { int try,got; static char buffer[BLOCK_SIZE * TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS]; currently_testing=0; signal(SIGALRM,alarm_intr); alarm(5); while (currently_testing < ZONES) { if (lseek(DEV,currently_testing*BLOCK_SIZE,SEEK_SET) != currently_testing*BLOCK_SIZE) errx(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: seek failed in check_blocks"), device_name); try = TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS; if (currently_testing + try > ZONES) try = ZONES-currently_testing; got = do_check(buffer, try, currently_testing); currently_testing += got; if (got == try) continue; if (currently_testing < FIRSTZONE) errx(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: bad blocks before data-area: " "cannot make fs"), device_name); mark_zone(currently_testing); badblocks++; currently_testing++; } if (badblocks > 1) printf(_("%d bad blocks\n"), badblocks); else if (badblocks == 1) printf(_("one bad block\n")); } static void get_list_blocks(char *filename) { FILE *listfile; unsigned long blockno; listfile = fopen(filename,"r"); if (listfile == NULL) err(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: can't open file of bad blocks"), device_name); while (!feof(listfile)) { if (fscanf(listfile,"%ld\n", &blockno) != 1) { printf(_("badblock number input error on line %d\n"), badblocks + 1); errx(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: cannot read badblocks file"), device_name); } mark_zone(blockno); badblocks++; } fclose(listfile); if(badblocks > 1) printf(_("%d bad blocks\n"), badblocks); else if (badblocks == 1) printf(_("one bad block\n")); } int main(int argc, char ** argv) { int i; char * tmp; struct stat statbuf; char * listfile = NULL; char * p; if (argc && *argv) program_name = *argv; if ((p = strrchr(program_name, '/')) != NULL) program_name = p+1; setlocale(LC_ALL, ""); bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR); textdomain(PACKAGE); if (argc == 2 && (!strcmp(argv[1], "-V") || !strcmp(argv[1], "--version"))) { printf(_("%s (%s)\n"), program_name, PACKAGE_STRING); exit(0); } if (INODE_SIZE * MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK != BLOCK_SIZE) errx(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: bad inode size"), device_name); if (INODE_SIZE2 * MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK != BLOCK_SIZE) errx(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: bad inode size"), device_name); opterr = 0; while ((i = getopt(argc, argv, "ci:l:n:v")) != -1) switch (i) { case 'c': check=1; break; case 'i': req_nr_inodes = (unsigned long) atol(optarg); break; case 'l': listfile = optarg; break; case 'n': i = strtoul(optarg,&tmp,0); if (*tmp) usage(); if (i == 14) magic = MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC; else if (i == 30) magic = MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC2; else usage(); namelen = i; dirsize = i+2; break; case 'v': version2 = 1; break; default: usage(); } argc -= optind; argv += optind; if (argc > 0 && !device_name) { device_name = argv[0]; argc--; argv++; } if (argc > 0) { BLOCKS = strtol(argv[0],&tmp,0); if (*tmp) { printf(_("strtol error: number of blocks not specified")); usage(); } } if (!device_name) { usage(); } check_mount(); /* is it already mounted? */ tmp = root_block; *(short *)tmp = 1; strcpy(tmp+2,"."); tmp += dirsize; *(short *)tmp = 1; strcpy(tmp+2,".."); tmp += dirsize; *(short *)tmp = 2; strcpy(tmp+2,".badblocks"); if (stat(device_name, &statbuf) < 0) err(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: stat failed"), device_name); if (S_ISBLK(statbuf.st_mode)) DEV = open(device_name,O_RDWR | O_EXCL); else DEV = open(device_name,O_RDWR); if (DEV<0) err(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: open failed"), device_name); if (S_ISBLK(statbuf.st_mode)) { int sectorsize; if (blkdev_get_sector_size(DEV, §orsize) == -1) errx(MKFS_ERROR, _("cannot determine sector size for %s"), device_name); if (BLOCK_SIZE < sectorsize) errx(MKFS_ERROR, _("block size smaller than physical " "sector size of %s"), device_name); if (!BLOCKS) { if (blkdev_get_size(DEV, &BLOCKS) == -1) errx(MKFS_ERROR, _("cannot determine size of %s"), device_name); BLOCKS /= BLOCK_SIZE; } } else if (!S_ISBLK(statbuf.st_mode)) { if (!BLOCKS) BLOCKS = statbuf.st_size / BLOCK_SIZE; check=0; } else if (statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0300 || statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0340) errx(MKFS_ERROR, _("will not try to make filesystem on '%s'"), device_name); if (BLOCKS < 10) errx(MKFS_ERROR, _("%s: number of blocks too small"), device_name); if (version2) { if (namelen == 14) magic = MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC; else magic = MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC2; } else if (BLOCKS > MAX_INODES) BLOCKS = MAX_INODES; setup_tables(); if (check) check_blocks(); else if (listfile) get_list_blocks(listfile); if (version2) { make_root_inode2 (); make_bad_inode2 (); } else { make_root_inode(); make_bad_inode(); } mark_good_blocks(); write_tables(); close(DEV); return 0; }