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/*
 * Human Monitor Interface
 *
 * Copyright IBM, Corp. 2011
 *
 * Authors:
 *  Anthony Liguori   <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
 *
 * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.  See
 * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
 *
 * Contributions after 2012-01-13 are licensed under the terms of the
 * GNU GPL, version 2 or (at your option) any later version.
 */

#include "qemu/osdep.h"
#include "hmp.h"
#include "net/net.h"
#include "net/eth.h"
#include "chardev/char.h"
#include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
#include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
#include "qemu/config-file.h"
#include "qemu/option.h"
#include "qemu/timer.h"
#include "qemu/sockets.h"
#include "monitor/monitor.h"
#include "monitor/qdev.h"
#include "qapi/error.h"
#include "qapi/opts-visitor.h"
#include "qapi/qapi-builtin-visit.h"
#include "qapi/qapi-commands-block.h"
#include "qapi/qapi-commands-char.h"
#include "qapi/qapi-commands-migration.h"
#include "qapi/qapi-commands-misc.h"
#include "qapi/qapi-commands-net.h"
#include "qapi/qapi-commands-rocker.h"
#include "qapi/qapi-commands-run-state.h"
#include "qapi/qapi-commands-tpm.h"
#include "qapi/qapi-commands-ui.h"
#include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
#include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
#include "qapi/string-input-visitor.h"
#include "qapi/string-output-visitor.h"
#include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
#include "ui/console.h"
#include "block/nbd.h"
#include "block/qapi.h"
#include "qemu-io.h"
#include "qemu/cutils.h"
#include "qemu/error-report.h"
#include "exec/ramlist.h"
#include "hw/intc/intc.h"
#include "migration/snapshot.h"
#include "migration/misc.h"

#ifdef CONFIG_SPICE
#include <spice/enums.h>
#endif

static void hmp_handle_error(Monitor *mon, Error **errp)
{
    assert(errp);
    if (*errp) {
        error_reportf_err(*errp, "Error: ");
    }
}

void hmp_info_name(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    NameInfo *info;

    info = qmp_query_name(NULL);
    if (info->has_name) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s\n", info->name);
    }
    qapi_free_NameInfo(info);
}

void hmp_info_version(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    VersionInfo *info;

    info = qmp_query_version(NULL);

    monitor_printf(mon, "%" PRId64 ".%" PRId64 ".%" PRId64 "%s\n",
                   info->qemu->major, info->qemu->minor, info->qemu->micro,
                   info->package);

    qapi_free_VersionInfo(info);
}

void hmp_info_kvm(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    KvmInfo *info;

    info = qmp_query_kvm(NULL);
    monitor_printf(mon, "kvm support: ");
    if (info->present) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s\n", info->enabled ? "enabled" : "disabled");
    } else {
        monitor_printf(mon, "not compiled\n");
    }

    qapi_free_KvmInfo(info);
}

void hmp_info_status(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    StatusInfo *info;

    info = qmp_query_status(NULL);

    monitor_printf(mon, "VM status: %s%s",
                   info->running ? "running" : "paused",
                   info->singlestep ? " (single step mode)" : "");

    if (!info->running && info->status != RUN_STATE_PAUSED) {
        monitor_printf(mon, " (%s)", RunState_str(info->status));
    }

    monitor_printf(mon, "\n");

    qapi_free_StatusInfo(info);
}

void hmp_info_uuid(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    UuidInfo *info;

    info = qmp_query_uuid(NULL);
    monitor_printf(mon, "%s\n", info->UUID);
    qapi_free_UuidInfo(info);
}

void hmp_info_chardev(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    ChardevInfoList *char_info, *info;

    char_info = qmp_query_chardev(NULL);
    for (info = char_info; info; info = info->next) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s: filename=%s\n", info->value->label,
                                                 info->value->filename);
    }

    qapi_free_ChardevInfoList(char_info);
}

void hmp_info_mice(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    MouseInfoList *mice_list, *mouse;

    mice_list = qmp_query_mice(NULL);
    if (!mice_list) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "No mouse devices connected\n");
        return;
    }

    for (mouse = mice_list; mouse; mouse = mouse->next) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "%c Mouse #%" PRId64 ": %s%s\n",
                       mouse->value->current ? '*' : ' ',
                       mouse->value->index, mouse->value->name,
                       mouse->value->absolute ? " (absolute)" : "");
    }

    qapi_free_MouseInfoList(mice_list);
}

void hmp_info_migrate(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    MigrationInfo *info;
    MigrationCapabilityStatusList *caps, *cap;

    info = qmp_query_migrate(NULL);
    caps = qmp_query_migrate_capabilities(NULL);

    migration_global_dump(mon);

    /* do not display parameters during setup */
    if (info->has_status && caps) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "capabilities: ");
        for (cap = caps; cap; cap = cap->next) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "%s: %s ",
                           MigrationCapability_str(cap->value->capability),
                           cap->value->state ? "on" : "off");
        }
        monitor_printf(mon, "\n");
    }

    if (info->has_status) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "Migration status: %s",
                       MigrationStatus_str(info->status));
        if (info->status == MIGRATION_STATUS_FAILED &&
            info->has_error_desc) {
            monitor_printf(mon, " (%s)\n", info->error_desc);
        } else {
            monitor_printf(mon, "\n");
        }

        monitor_printf(mon, "total time: %" PRIu64 " milliseconds\n",
                       info->total_time);
        if (info->has_expected_downtime) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "expected downtime: %" PRIu64 " milliseconds\n",
                           info->expected_downtime);
        }
        if (info->has_downtime) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "downtime: %" PRIu64 " milliseconds\n",
                           info->downtime);
        }
        if (info->has_setup_time) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "setup: %" PRIu64 " milliseconds\n",
                           info->setup_time);
        }
    }

    if (info->has_ram) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "transferred ram: %" PRIu64 " kbytes\n",
                       info->ram->transferred >> 10);
        monitor_printf(mon, "throughput: %0.2f mbps\n",
                       info->ram->mbps);
        monitor_printf(mon, "remaining ram: %" PRIu64 " kbytes\n",
                       info->ram->remaining >> 10);
        monitor_printf(mon, "total ram: %" PRIu64 " kbytes\n",
                       info->ram->total >> 10);
        monitor_printf(mon, "duplicate: %" PRIu64 " pages\n",
                       info->ram->duplicate);
        monitor_printf(mon, "skipped: %" PRIu64 " pages\n",
                       info->ram->skipped);
        monitor_printf(mon, "normal: %" PRIu64 " pages\n",
                       info->ram->normal);
        monitor_printf(mon, "normal bytes: %" PRIu64 " kbytes\n",
                       info->ram->normal_bytes >> 10);
        monitor_printf(mon, "dirty sync count: %" PRIu64 "\n",
                       info->ram->dirty_sync_count);
        monitor_printf(mon, "page size: %" PRIu64 " kbytes\n",
                       info->ram->page_size >> 10);
        monitor_printf(mon, "multifd bytes: %" PRIu64 " kbytes\n",
                       info->ram->multifd_bytes >> 10);
        monitor_printf(mon, "pages-per-second: %" PRIu64 "\n",
                       info->ram->pages_per_second);

        if (info->ram->dirty_pages_rate) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "dirty pages rate: %" PRIu64 " pages\n",
                           info->ram->dirty_pages_rate);
        }
        if (info->ram->postcopy_requests) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "postcopy request count: %" PRIu64 "\n",
                           info->ram->postcopy_requests);
        }
    }

    if (info->has_disk) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "transferred disk: %" PRIu64 " kbytes\n",
                       info->disk->transferred >> 10);
        monitor_printf(mon, "remaining disk: %" PRIu64 " kbytes\n",
                       info->disk->remaining >> 10);
        monitor_printf(mon, "total disk: %" PRIu64 " kbytes\n",
                       info->disk->total >> 10);
    }

    if (info->has_xbzrle_cache) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "cache size: %" PRIu64 " bytes\n",
                       info->xbzrle_cache->cache_size);
        monitor_printf(mon, "xbzrle transferred: %" PRIu64 " kbytes\n",
                       info->xbzrle_cache->bytes >> 10);
        monitor_printf(mon, "xbzrle pages: %" PRIu64 " pages\n",
                       info->xbzrle_cache->pages);
        monitor_printf(mon, "xbzrle cache miss: %" PRIu64 "\n",
                       info->xbzrle_cache->cache_miss);
        monitor_printf(mon, "xbzrle cache miss rate: %0.2f\n",
                       info->xbzrle_cache->cache_miss_rate);
        monitor_printf(mon, "xbzrle overflow : %" PRIu64 "\n",
                       info->xbzrle_cache->overflow);
    }

    if (info->has_compression) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "compression pages: %" PRIu64 " pages\n",
                       info->compression->pages);
        monitor_printf(mon, "compression busy: %" PRIu64 "\n",
                       info->compression->busy);
        monitor_printf(mon, "compression busy rate: %0.2f\n",
                       info->compression->busy_rate);
        monitor_printf(mon, "compressed size: %" PRIu64 "\n",
                       info->compression->compressed_size);
        monitor_printf(mon, "compression rate: %0.2f\n",
                       info->compression->compression_rate);
    }

    if (info->has_cpu_throttle_percentage) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "cpu throttle percentage: %" PRIu64 "\n",
                       info->cpu_throttle_percentage);
    }

    if (info->has_postcopy_blocktime) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "postcopy blocktime: %u\n",
                       info->postcopy_blocktime);
    }

    if (info->has_postcopy_vcpu_blocktime) {
        Visitor *v;
        char *str;
        v = string_output_visitor_new(false, &str);
        visit_type_uint32List(v, NULL, &info->postcopy_vcpu_blocktime, NULL);
        visit_complete(v, &str);
        monitor_printf(mon, "postcopy vcpu blocktime: %s\n", str);
        g_free(str);
        visit_free(v);
    }
    qapi_free_MigrationInfo(info);
    qapi_free_MigrationCapabilityStatusList(caps);
}

void hmp_info_migrate_capabilities(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    MigrationCapabilityStatusList *caps, *cap;

    caps = qmp_query_migrate_capabilities(NULL);

    if (caps) {
        for (cap = caps; cap; cap = cap->next) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "%s: %s\n",
                           MigrationCapability_str(cap->value->capability),
                           cap->value->state ? "on" : "off");
        }
    }

    qapi_free_MigrationCapabilityStatusList(caps);
}

void hmp_info_migrate_parameters(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    MigrationParameters *params;

    params = qmp_query_migrate_parameters(NULL);

    if (params) {
        assert(params->has_compress_level);
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s: %u\n",
            MigrationParameter_str(MIGRATION_PARAMETER_COMPRESS_LEVEL),
            params->compress_level);
        assert(params->has_compress_threads);
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s: %u\n",
            MigrationParameter_str(MIGRATION_PARAMETER_COMPRESS_THREADS),
            params->compress_threads);
        assert(params->has_compress_wait_thread);
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s: %s\n",
            MigrationParameter_str(MIGRATION_PARAMETER_COMPRESS_WAIT_THREAD),
            params->compress_wait_thread ? "on" : "off");
        assert(params->has_decompress_threads);
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s: %u\n",
            MigrationParameter_str(MIGRATION_PARAMETER_DECOMPRESS_THREADS),
            params->decompress_threads);
        assert(params->has_cpu_throttle_initial);
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s: %u\n",
            MigrationParameter_str(MIGRATION_PARAMETER_CPU_THROTTLE_INITIAL),
            params->cpu_throttle_initial);
        assert(params->has_cpu_throttle_increment);
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s: %u\n",
            MigrationParameter_str(MIGRATION_PARAMETER_CPU_THROTTLE_INCREMENT),
            params->cpu_throttle_increment);
        assert(params->has_max_cpu_throttle);
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s: %u\n",
            MigrationParameter_str(MIGRATION_PARAMETER_MAX_CPU_THROTTLE),
            params->max_cpu_throttle);
        assert(params->has_tls_creds);
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s: '%s'\n",
            MigrationParameter_str(MIGRATION_PARAMETER_TLS_CREDS),
            params->tls_creds);
        assert(params->has_tls_hostname);
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s: '%s'\n",
            MigrationParameter_str(MIGRATION_PARAMETER_TLS_HOSTNAME),
            params->tls_hostname);
        assert(params->has_max_bandwidth);
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s: %" PRIu64 " bytes/second\n",
            MigrationParameter_str(MIGRATION_PARAMETER_MAX_BANDWIDTH),
            params->max_bandwidth);
        assert(params->has_downtime_limit);
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s: %" PRIu64 " milliseconds\n",
            MigrationParameter_str(MIGRATION_PARAMETER_DOWNTIME_LIMIT),
            params->downtime_limit);
        assert(params->has_x_checkpoint_delay);
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s: %u\n",
            MigrationParameter_str(MIGRATION_PARAMETER_X_CHECKPOINT_DELAY),
            params->x_checkpoint_delay);
        assert(params->has_block_incremental);
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s: %s\n",
            MigrationParameter_str(MIGRATION_PARAMETER_BLOCK_INCREMENTAL),
            params->block_incremental ? "on" : "off");
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s: %u\n",
            MigrationParameter_str(MIGRATION_PARAMETER_X_MULTIFD_CHANNELS),
            params->x_multifd_channels);
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s: %u\n",
            MigrationParameter_str(MIGRATION_PARAMETER_X_MULTIFD_PAGE_COUNT),
            params->x_multifd_page_count);
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s: %" PRIu64 "\n",
            MigrationParameter_str(MIGRATION_PARAMETER_XBZRLE_CACHE_SIZE),
            params->xbzrle_cache_size);
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s: %" PRIu64 "\n",
            MigrationParameter_str(MIGRATION_PARAMETER_MAX_POSTCOPY_BANDWIDTH),
            params->max_postcopy_bandwidth);
    }

    qapi_free_MigrationParameters(params);
}

void hmp_info_migrate_cache_size(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    monitor_printf(mon, "xbzrel cache size: %" PRId64 " kbytes\n",
                   qmp_query_migrate_cache_size(NULL) >> 10);
}

void hmp_info_cpus(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    CpuInfoFastList *cpu_list, *cpu;

    cpu_list = qmp_query_cpus_fast(NULL);

    for (cpu = cpu_list; cpu; cpu = cpu->next) {
        int active = ' ';

        if (cpu->value->cpu_index == monitor_get_cpu_index()) {
            active = '*';
        }

        monitor_printf(mon, "%c CPU #%" PRId64 ":", active,
                       cpu->value->cpu_index);
        monitor_printf(mon, " thread_id=%" PRId64 "\n", cpu->value->thread_id);
    }

    qapi_free_CpuInfoFastList(cpu_list);
}

static void print_block_info(Monitor *mon, BlockInfo *info,
                             BlockDeviceInfo *inserted, bool verbose)
{
    ImageInfo *image_info;

    assert(!info || !info->has_inserted || info->inserted == inserted);

    if (info && *info->device) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s", info->device);
        if (inserted && inserted->has_node_name) {
            monitor_printf(mon, " (%s)", inserted->node_name);
        }
    } else {
        assert(info || inserted);
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s",
                       inserted && inserted->has_node_name ? inserted->node_name
                       : info && info->has_qdev ? info->qdev
                       : "<anonymous>");
    }

    if (inserted) {
        monitor_printf(mon, ": %s (%s%s%s)\n",
                       inserted->file,
                       inserted->drv,
                       inserted->ro ? ", read-only" : "",
                       inserted->encrypted ? ", encrypted" : "");
    } else {
        monitor_printf(mon, ": [not inserted]\n");
    }

    if (info) {
        if (info->has_qdev) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "    Attached to:      %s\n", info->qdev);
        }
        if (info->has_io_status && info->io_status != BLOCK_DEVICE_IO_STATUS_OK) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "    I/O status:       %s\n",
                           BlockDeviceIoStatus_str(info->io_status));
        }

        if (info->removable) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "    Removable device: %slocked, tray %s\n",
                           info->locked ? "" : "not ",
                           info->tray_open ? "open" : "closed");
        }
    }


    if (!inserted) {
        return;
    }

    monitor_printf(mon, "    Cache mode:       %s%s%s\n",
                   inserted->cache->writeback ? "writeback" : "writethrough",
                   inserted->cache->direct ? ", direct" : "",
                   inserted->cache->no_flush ? ", ignore flushes" : "");

    if (inserted->has_backing_file) {
        monitor_printf(mon,
                       "    Backing file:     %s "
                       "(chain depth: %" PRId64 ")\n",
                       inserted->backing_file,
                       inserted->backing_file_depth);
    }

    if (inserted->detect_zeroes != BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_OFF) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "    Detect zeroes:    %s\n",
                BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions_str(inserted->detect_zeroes));
    }

    if (inserted->bps  || inserted->bps_rd  || inserted->bps_wr  ||
        inserted->iops || inserted->iops_rd || inserted->iops_wr)
    {
        monitor_printf(mon, "    I/O throttling:   bps=%" PRId64
                        " bps_rd=%" PRId64  " bps_wr=%" PRId64
                        " bps_max=%" PRId64
                        " bps_rd_max=%" PRId64
                        " bps_wr_max=%" PRId64
                        " iops=%" PRId64 " iops_rd=%" PRId64
                        " iops_wr=%" PRId64
                        " iops_max=%" PRId64
                        " iops_rd_max=%" PRId64
                        " iops_wr_max=%" PRId64
                        " iops_size=%" PRId64
                        " group=%s\n",
                        inserted->bps,
                        inserted->bps_rd,
                        inserted->bps_wr,
                        inserted->bps_max,
                        inserted->bps_rd_max,
                        inserted->bps_wr_max,
                        inserted->iops,
                        inserted->iops_rd,
                        inserted->iops_wr,
                        inserted->iops_max,
                        inserted->iops_rd_max,
                        inserted->iops_wr_max,
                        inserted->iops_size,
                        inserted->group);
    }

    if (verbose) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "\nImages:\n");
        image_info = inserted->image;
        while (1) {
                bdrv_image_info_dump((fprintf_function)monitor_printf,
                                     mon, image_info);
            if (image_info->has_backing_image) {
                image_info = image_info->backing_image;
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

void hmp_info_block(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    BlockInfoList *block_list, *info;
    BlockDeviceInfoList *blockdev_list, *blockdev;
    const char *device = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "device");
    bool verbose = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "verbose", false);
    bool nodes = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "nodes", false);
    bool printed = false;

    /* Print BlockBackend information */
    if (!nodes) {
        block_list = qmp_query_block(NULL);
    } else {
        block_list = NULL;
    }

    for (info = block_list; info; info = info->next) {
        if (device && strcmp(device, info->value->device)) {
            continue;
        }

        if (info != block_list) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "\n");
        }

        print_block_info(mon, info->value, info->value->has_inserted
                                           ? info->value->inserted : NULL,
                         verbose);
        printed = true;
    }

    qapi_free_BlockInfoList(block_list);

    if ((!device && !nodes) || printed) {
        return;
    }

    /* Print node information */
    blockdev_list = qmp_query_named_block_nodes(NULL);
    for (blockdev = blockdev_list; blockdev; blockdev = blockdev->next) {
        assert(blockdev->value->has_node_name);
        if (device && strcmp(device, blockdev->value->node_name)) {
            continue;
        }

        if (blockdev != blockdev_list) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "\n");
        }

        print_block_info(mon, NULL, blockdev->value, verbose);
    }
    qapi_free_BlockDeviceInfoList(blockdev_list);
}

void hmp_info_blockstats(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    BlockStatsList *stats_list, *stats;

    stats_list = qmp_query_blockstats(false, false, NULL);

    for (stats = stats_list; stats; stats = stats->next) {
        if (!stats->value->has_device) {
            continue;
        }

        monitor_printf(mon, "%s:", stats->value->device);
        monitor_printf(mon, " rd_bytes=%" PRId64
                       " wr_bytes=%" PRId64
                       " rd_operations=%" PRId64
                       " wr_operations=%" PRId64
                       " flush_operations=%" PRId64
                       " wr_total_time_ns=%" PRId64
                       " rd_total_time_ns=%" PRId64
                       " flush_total_time_ns=%" PRId64
                       " rd_merged=%" PRId64
                       " wr_merged=%" PRId64
                       " idle_time_ns=%" PRId64
                       "\n",
                       stats->value->stats->rd_bytes,
                       stats->value->stats->wr_bytes,
                       stats->value->stats->rd_operations,
                       stats->value->stats->wr_operations,
                       stats->value->stats->flush_operations,
                       stats->value->stats->wr_total_time_ns,
                       stats->value->stats->rd_total_time_ns,
                       stats->value->stats->flush_total_time_ns,
                       stats->value->stats->rd_merged,
                       stats->value->stats->wr_merged,
                       stats->value->stats->idle_time_ns);
    }

    qapi_free_BlockStatsList(stats_list);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_VNC
/* Helper for hmp_info_vnc_clients, _servers */
static void hmp_info_VncBasicInfo(Monitor *mon, VncBasicInfo *info,
                                  const char *name)
{
    monitor_printf(mon, "  %s: %s:%s (%s%s)\n",
                   name,
                   info->host,
                   info->service,
                   NetworkAddressFamily_str(info->family),
                   info->websocket ? " (Websocket)" : "");
}

/* Helper displaying and auth and crypt info */
static void hmp_info_vnc_authcrypt(Monitor *mon, const char *indent,
                                   VncPrimaryAuth auth,
                                   VncVencryptSubAuth *vencrypt)
{
    monitor_printf(mon, "%sAuth: %s (Sub: %s)\n", indent,
                   VncPrimaryAuth_str(auth),
                   vencrypt ? VncVencryptSubAuth_str(*vencrypt) : "none");
}

static void hmp_info_vnc_clients(Monitor *mon, VncClientInfoList *client)
{
    while (client) {
        VncClientInfo *cinfo = client->value;

        hmp_info_VncBasicInfo(mon, qapi_VncClientInfo_base(cinfo), "Client");
        monitor_printf(mon, "    x509_dname: %s\n",
                       cinfo->has_x509_dname ?
                       cinfo->x509_dname : "none");
        monitor_printf(mon, "    sasl_username: %s\n",
                       cinfo->has_sasl_username ?
                       cinfo->sasl_username : "none");

        client = client->next;
    }
}

static void hmp_info_vnc_servers(Monitor *mon, VncServerInfo2List *server)
{
    while (server) {
        VncServerInfo2 *sinfo = server->value;
        hmp_info_VncBasicInfo(mon, qapi_VncServerInfo2_base(sinfo), "Server");
        hmp_info_vnc_authcrypt(mon, "    ", sinfo->auth,
                               sinfo->has_vencrypt ? &sinfo->vencrypt : NULL);
        server = server->next;
    }
}

void hmp_info_vnc(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    VncInfo2List *info2l;
    Error *err = NULL;

    info2l = qmp_query_vnc_servers(&err);
    if (err) {
        hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
        return;
    }
    if (!info2l) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "None\n");
        return;
    }

    while (info2l) {
        VncInfo2 *info = info2l->value;
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s:\n", info->id);
        hmp_info_vnc_servers(mon, info->server);
        hmp_info_vnc_clients(mon, info->clients);
        if (!info->server) {
            /* The server entry displays its auth, we only
             * need to display in the case of 'reverse' connections
             * where there's no server.
             */
            hmp_info_vnc_authcrypt(mon, "  ", info->auth,
                               info->has_vencrypt ? &info->vencrypt : NULL);
        }
        if (info->has_display) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "  Display: %s\n", info->display);
        }
        info2l = info2l->next;
    }

    qapi_free_VncInfo2List(info2l);

}
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_SPICE
void hmp_info_spice(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    SpiceChannelList *chan;
    SpiceInfo *info;
    const char *channel_name;
    const char * const channel_names[] = {
        [SPICE_CHANNEL_MAIN] = "main",
        [SPICE_CHANNEL_DISPLAY] = "display",
        [SPICE_CHANNEL_INPUTS] = "inputs",
        [SPICE_CHANNEL_CURSOR] = "cursor",
        [SPICE_CHANNEL_PLAYBACK] = "playback",
        [SPICE_CHANNEL_RECORD] = "record",
        [SPICE_CHANNEL_TUNNEL] = "tunnel",
        [SPICE_CHANNEL_SMARTCARD] = "smartcard",
        [SPICE_CHANNEL_USBREDIR] = "usbredir",
        [SPICE_CHANNEL_PORT] = "port",
#if 0
        /* minimum spice-protocol is 0.12.3, webdav was added in 0.12.7,
         * no easy way to #ifdef (SPICE_CHANNEL_* is a enum).  Disable
         * as quick fix for build failures with older versions. */
        [SPICE_CHANNEL_WEBDAV] = "webdav",
#endif
    };

    info = qmp_query_spice(NULL);

    if (!info->enabled) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "Server: disabled\n");
        goto out;
    }

    monitor_printf(mon, "Server:\n");
    if (info->has_port) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "     address: %s:%" PRId64 "\n",
                       info->host, info->port);
    }
    if (info->has_tls_port) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "     address: %s:%" PRId64 " [tls]\n",
                       info->host, info->tls_port);
    }
    monitor_printf(mon, "    migrated: %s\n",
                   info->migrated ? "true" : "false");
    monitor_printf(mon, "        auth: %s\n", info->auth);
    monitor_printf(mon, "    compiled: %s\n", info->compiled_version);
    monitor_printf(mon, "  mouse-mode: %s\n",
                   SpiceQueryMouseMode_str(info->mouse_mode));

    if (!info->has_channels || info->channels == NULL) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "Channels: none\n");
    } else {
        for (chan = info->channels; chan; chan = chan->next) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "Channel:\n");
            monitor_printf(mon, "     address: %s:%s%s\n",
                           chan->value->host, chan->value->port,
                           chan->value->tls ? " [tls]" : "");
            monitor_printf(mon, "     session: %" PRId64 "\n",
                           chan->value->connection_id);
            monitor_printf(mon, "     channel: %" PRId64 ":%" PRId64 "\n",
                           chan->value->channel_type, chan->value->channel_id);

            channel_name = "unknown";
            if (chan->value->channel_type > 0 &&
                chan->value->channel_type < ARRAY_SIZE(channel_names) &&
                channel_names[chan->value->channel_type]) {
                channel_name = channel_names[chan->value->channel_type];
            }

            monitor_printf(mon, "     channel name: %s\n", channel_name);
        }
    }

out:
    qapi_free_SpiceInfo(info);
}
#endif

void hmp_info_balloon(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    BalloonInfo *info;
    Error *err = NULL;

    info = qmp_query_balloon(&err);
    if (err) {
        hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
        return;
    }

    monitor_printf(mon, "balloon: actual=%" PRId64 "\n", info->actual >> 20);

    qapi_free_BalloonInfo(info);
}

static void hmp_info_pci_device(Monitor *mon, const PciDeviceInfo *dev)
{
    PciMemoryRegionList *region;

    monitor_printf(mon, "  Bus %2" PRId64 ", ", dev->bus);
    monitor_printf(mon, "device %3" PRId64 ", function %" PRId64 ":\n",
                   dev->slot, dev->function);
    monitor_printf(mon, "    ");

    if (dev->class_info->has_desc) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s", dev->class_info->desc);
    } else {
        monitor_printf(mon, "Class %04" PRId64, dev->class_info->q_class);
    }

    monitor_printf(mon, ": PCI device %04" PRIx64 ":%04" PRIx64 "\n",
                   dev->id->vendor, dev->id->device);
    if (dev->id->has_subsystem_vendor && dev->id->has_subsystem) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "      PCI subsystem %04" PRIx64 ":%04" PRIx64 "\n",
                       dev->id->subsystem_vendor, dev->id->subsystem);
    }

    if (dev->has_irq) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "      IRQ %" PRId64 ".\n", dev->irq);
    }

    if (dev->has_pci_bridge) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "      BUS %" PRId64 ".\n",
                       dev->pci_bridge->bus->number);
        monitor_printf(mon, "      secondary bus %" PRId64 ".\n",
                       dev->pci_bridge->bus->secondary);
        monitor_printf(mon, "      subordinate bus %" PRId64 ".\n",
                       dev->pci_bridge->bus->subordinate);

        monitor_printf(mon, "      IO range [0x%04"PRIx64", 0x%04"PRIx64"]\n",
                       dev->pci_bridge->bus->io_range->base,
                       dev->pci_bridge->bus->io_range->limit);

        monitor_printf(mon,
                       "      memory range [0x%08"PRIx64", 0x%08"PRIx64"]\n",
                       dev->pci_bridge->bus->memory_range->base,
                       dev->pci_bridge->bus->memory_range->limit);

        monitor_printf(mon, "      prefetchable memory range "
                       "[0x%08"PRIx64", 0x%08"PRIx64"]\n",
                       dev->pci_bridge->bus->prefetchable_range->base,
                       dev->pci_bridge->bus->prefetchable_range->limit);
    }

    for (region = dev->regions; region; region = region->next) {
        uint64_t addr, size;

        addr = region->value->address;
        size = region->value->size;

        monitor_printf(mon, "      BAR%" PRId64 ": ", region->value->bar);

        if (!strcmp(region->value->type, "io")) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "I/O at 0x%04" PRIx64
                                " [0x%04" PRIx64 "].\n",
                           addr, addr + size - 1);
        } else {
            monitor_printf(mon, "%d bit%s memory at 0x%08" PRIx64
                               " [0x%08" PRIx64 "].\n",
                           region->value->mem_type_64 ? 64 : 32,
                           region->value->prefetch ? " prefetchable" : "",
                           addr, addr + size - 1);
        }
    }

    monitor_printf(mon, "      id \"%s\"\n", dev->qdev_id);

    if (dev->has_pci_bridge) {
        if (dev->pci_bridge->has_devices) {
            PciDeviceInfoList *cdev;
            for (cdev = dev->pci_bridge->devices; cdev; cdev = cdev->next) {
                hmp_info_pci_device(mon, cdev->value);
            }
        }
    }
}

static int hmp_info_irq_foreach(Object *obj, void *opaque)
{
    InterruptStatsProvider *intc;
    InterruptStatsProviderClass *k;
    Monitor *mon = opaque;

    if (object_dynamic_cast(obj, TYPE_INTERRUPT_STATS_PROVIDER)) {
        intc = INTERRUPT_STATS_PROVIDER(obj);
        k = INTERRUPT_STATS_PROVIDER_GET_CLASS(obj);
        uint64_t *irq_counts;
        unsigned int nb_irqs, i;
        if (k->get_statistics &&
            k->get_statistics(intc, &irq_counts, &nb_irqs)) {
            if (nb_irqs > 0) {
                monitor_printf(mon, "IRQ statistics for %s:\n",
                               object_get_typename(obj));
                for (i = 0; i < nb_irqs; i++) {
                    if (irq_counts[i] > 0) {
                        monitor_printf(mon, "%2d: %" PRId64 "\n", i,
                                       irq_counts[i]);
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            monitor_printf(mon, "IRQ statistics not available for %s.\n",
                           object_get_typename(obj));
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

void hmp_info_irq(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    object_child_foreach_recursive(object_get_root(),
                                   hmp_info_irq_foreach, mon);
}

static int hmp_info_pic_foreach(Object *obj, void *opaque)
{
    InterruptStatsProvider *intc;
    InterruptStatsProviderClass *k;
    Monitor *mon = opaque;

    if (object_dynamic_cast(obj, TYPE_INTERRUPT_STATS_PROVIDER)) {
        intc = INTERRUPT_STATS_PROVIDER(obj);
        k = INTERRUPT_STATS_PROVIDER_GET_CLASS(obj);
        if (k->print_info) {
            k->print_info(intc, mon);
        } else {
            monitor_printf(mon, "Interrupt controller information not available for %s.\n",
                           object_get_typename(obj));
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

void hmp_info_pic(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    object_child_foreach_recursive(object_get_root(),
                                   hmp_info_pic_foreach, mon);
}

void hmp_info_pci(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    PciInfoList *info_list, *info;
    Error *err = NULL;

    info_list = qmp_query_pci(&err);
    if (err) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "PCI devices not supported\n");
        error_free(err);
        return;
    }

    for (info = info_list; info; info = info->next) {
        PciDeviceInfoList *dev;

        for (dev = info->value->devices; dev; dev = dev->next) {
            hmp_info_pci_device(mon, dev->value);
        }
    }

    qapi_free_PciInfoList(info_list);
}

void hmp_info_block_jobs(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    BlockJobInfoList *list;
    Error *err = NULL;

    list = qmp_query_block_jobs(&err);
    assert(!err);

    if (!list) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "No active jobs\n");
        return;
    }

    while (list) {
        if (strcmp(list->value->type, "stream") == 0) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "Streaming device %s: Completed %" PRId64
                           " of %" PRId64 " bytes, speed limit %" PRId64
                           " bytes/s\n",
                           list->value->device,
                           list->value->offset,
                           list->value->len,
                           list->value->speed);
        } else {
            monitor_printf(mon, "Type %s, device %s: Completed %" PRId64
                           " of %" PRId64 " bytes, speed limit %" PRId64
                           " bytes/s\n",
                           list->value->type,
                           list->value->device,
                           list->value->offset,
                           list->value->len,
                           list->value->speed);
        }
        list = list->next;
    }

    qapi_free_BlockJobInfoList(list);
}

void hmp_info_tpm(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    TPMInfoList *info_list, *info;
    Error *err = NULL;
    unsigned int c = 0;
    TPMPassthroughOptions *tpo;
    TPMEmulatorOptions *teo;

    info_list = qmp_query_tpm(&err);
    if (err) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "TPM device not supported\n");
        error_free(err);
        return;
    }

    if (info_list) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "TPM device:\n");
    }

    for (info = info_list; info; info = info->next) {
        TPMInfo *ti = info->value;
        monitor_printf(mon, " tpm%d: model=%s\n",
                       c, TpmModel_str(ti->model));

        monitor_printf(mon, "  \\ %s: type=%s",
                       ti->id, TpmTypeOptionsKind_str(ti->options->type));

        switch (ti->options->type) {
        case TPM_TYPE_OPTIONS_KIND_PASSTHROUGH:
            tpo = ti->options->u.passthrough.data;
            monitor_printf(mon, "%s%s%s%s",
                           tpo->has_path ? ",path=" : "",
                           tpo->has_path ? tpo->path : "",
                           tpo->has_cancel_path ? ",cancel-path=" : "",
                           tpo->has_cancel_path ? tpo->cancel_path : "");
            break;
        case TPM_TYPE_OPTIONS_KIND_EMULATOR:
            teo = ti->options->u.emulator.data;
            monitor_printf(mon, ",chardev=%s", teo->chardev);
            break;
        case TPM_TYPE_OPTIONS_KIND__MAX:
            break;
        }
        monitor_printf(mon, "\n");
        c++;
    }
    qapi_free_TPMInfoList(info_list);
}

void hmp_quit(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    monitor_suspend(mon);
    qmp_quit(NULL);
}

void hmp_stop(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    qmp_stop(NULL);
}

void hmp_sync_profile(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *op = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "op");

    if (op == NULL) {
        bool on = qsp_is_enabled();

        monitor_printf(mon, "sync-profile is %s\n", on ? "on" : "off");
        return;
    }
    if (!strcmp(op, "on")) {
        qsp_enable();
    } else if (!strcmp(op, "off")) {
        qsp_disable();
    } else if (!strcmp(op, "reset")) {
        qsp_reset();
    } else {
        Error *err = NULL;

        error_setg(&err, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER, op);
        hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
    }
}

void hmp_system_reset(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    qmp_system_reset(NULL);
}

void hmp_system_powerdown(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    qmp_system_powerdown(NULL);
}

void hmp_exit_preconfig(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_x_exit_preconfig(&err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_cpu(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    int64_t cpu_index;

    /* XXX: drop the monitor_set_cpu() usage when all HMP commands that
            use it are converted to the QAPI */
    cpu_index = qdict_get_int(qdict, "index");
    if (monitor_set_cpu(cpu_index) < 0) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "invalid CPU index\n");
    }
}

void hmp_memsave(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    uint32_t size = qdict_get_int(qdict, "size");
    const char *filename = qdict_get_str(qdict, "filename");
    uint64_t addr = qdict_get_int(qdict, "val");
    Error *err = NULL;
    int cpu_index = monitor_get_cpu_index();

    if (cpu_index < 0) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "No CPU available\n");
        return;
    }

    qmp_memsave(addr, size, filename, true, cpu_index, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_pmemsave(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    uint32_t size = qdict_get_int(qdict, "size");
    const char *filename = qdict_get_str(qdict, "filename");
    uint64_t addr = qdict_get_int(qdict, "val");
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_pmemsave(addr, size, filename, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_ringbuf_write(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *chardev = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");
    const char *data = qdict_get_str(qdict, "data");
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_ringbuf_write(chardev, data, false, 0, &err);

    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_ringbuf_read(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    uint32_t size = qdict_get_int(qdict, "size");
    const char *chardev = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");
    char *data;
    Error *err = NULL;
    int i;

    data = qmp_ringbuf_read(chardev, size, false, 0, &err);
    if (err) {
        hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
        return;
    }

    for (i = 0; data[i]; i++) {
        unsigned char ch = data[i];

        if (ch == '\\') {
            monitor_printf(mon, "\\\\");
        } else if ((ch < 0x20 && ch != '\n' && ch != '\t') || ch == 0x7F) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "\\u%04X", ch);
        } else {
            monitor_printf(mon, "%c", ch);
        }

    }
    monitor_printf(mon, "\n");
    g_free(data);
}

void hmp_cont(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_cont(&err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_system_wakeup(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_system_wakeup(&err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_nmi(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_inject_nmi(&err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_set_link(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *name = qdict_get_str(qdict, "name");
    bool up = qdict_get_bool(qdict, "up");
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_set_link(name, up, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_block_passwd(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *device = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");
    const char *password = qdict_get_str(qdict, "password");
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_block_passwd(true, device, false, NULL, password, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_balloon(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    int64_t value = qdict_get_int(qdict, "value");
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_balloon(value, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_block_resize(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *device = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");
    int64_t size = qdict_get_int(qdict, "size");
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_block_resize(true, device, false, NULL, size, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_drive_mirror(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *filename = qdict_get_str(qdict, "target");
    const char *format = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "format");
    bool reuse = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "reuse", false);
    bool full = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "full", false);
    Error *err = NULL;
    DriveMirror mirror = {
        .device = (char *)qdict_get_str(qdict, "device"),
        .target = (char *)filename,
        .has_format = !!format,
        .format = (char *)format,
        .sync = full ? MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_FULL : MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_TOP,
        .has_mode = true,
        .mode = reuse ? NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING : NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS,
        .unmap = true,
    };

    if (!filename) {
        error_setg(&err, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "target");
        hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
        return;
    }
    qmp_drive_mirror(&mirror, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_drive_backup(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *device = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");
    const char *filename = qdict_get_str(qdict, "target");
    const char *format = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "format");
    bool reuse = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "reuse", false);
    bool full = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "full", false);
    bool compress = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "compress", false);
    Error *err = NULL;
    DriveBackup backup = {
        .device = (char *)device,
        .target = (char *)filename,
        .has_format = !!format,
        .format = (char *)format,
        .sync = full ? MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_FULL : MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_TOP,
        .has_mode = true,
        .mode = reuse ? NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING : NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS,
        .has_compress = !!compress,
        .compress = compress,
    };

    if (!filename) {
        error_setg(&err, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "target");
        hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
        return;
    }

    qmp_drive_backup(&backup, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_snapshot_blkdev(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *device = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");
    const char *filename = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "snapshot-file");
    const char *format = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "format");
    bool reuse = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "reuse", false);
    enum NewImageMode mode;
    Error *err = NULL;

    if (!filename) {
        /* In the future, if 'snapshot-file' is not specified, the snapshot
           will be taken internally. Today it's actually required. */
        error_setg(&err, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "snapshot-file");
        hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
        return;
    }

    mode = reuse ? NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING : NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS;
    qmp_blockdev_snapshot_sync(true, device, false, NULL,
                               filename, false, NULL,
                               !!format, format,
                               true, mode, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_snapshot_blkdev_internal(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *device = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");
    const char *name = qdict_get_str(qdict, "name");
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_blockdev_snapshot_internal_sync(device, name, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_snapshot_delete_blkdev_internal(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *device = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");
    const char *name = qdict_get_str(qdict, "name");
    const char *id = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "id");
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_blockdev_snapshot_delete_internal_sync(device, !!id, id,
                                               true, name, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_loadvm(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    int saved_vm_running  = runstate_is_running();
    const char *name = qdict_get_str(qdict, "name");
    Error *err = NULL;

    vm_stop(RUN_STATE_RESTORE_VM);

    if (load_snapshot(name, &err) == 0 && saved_vm_running) {
        vm_start();
    }
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_savevm(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;

    save_snapshot(qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "name"), &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_delvm(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    BlockDriverState *bs;
    Error *err = NULL;
    const char *name = qdict_get_str(qdict, "name");

    if (bdrv_all_delete_snapshot(name, &bs, &err) < 0) {
        error_reportf_err(err,
                          "Error while deleting snapshot on device '%s': ",
                          bdrv_get_device_name(bs));
    }
}

void hmp_info_snapshots(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    BlockDriverState *bs, *bs1;
    BdrvNextIterator it1;
    QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
    bool no_snapshot = true;
    int nb_sns, i;
    int total;
    int *global_snapshots;
    AioContext *aio_context;

    typedef struct SnapshotEntry {
        QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
        QTAILQ_ENTRY(SnapshotEntry) next;
    } SnapshotEntry;

    typedef struct ImageEntry {
        const char *imagename;
        QTAILQ_ENTRY(ImageEntry) next;
        QTAILQ_HEAD(, SnapshotEntry) snapshots;
    } ImageEntry;

    QTAILQ_HEAD(, ImageEntry) image_list =
        QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(image_list);

    ImageEntry *image_entry, *next_ie;
    SnapshotEntry *snapshot_entry;

    bs = bdrv_all_find_vmstate_bs();
    if (!bs) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "No available block device supports snapshots\n");
        return;
    }
    aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);

    aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
    nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
    aio_context_release(aio_context);

    if (nb_sns < 0) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "bdrv_snapshot_list: error %d\n", nb_sns);
        return;
    }

    for (bs1 = bdrv_first(&it1); bs1; bs1 = bdrv_next(&it1)) {
        int bs1_nb_sns = 0;
        ImageEntry *ie;
        SnapshotEntry *se;
        AioContext *ctx = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs1);

        aio_context_acquire(ctx);
        if (bdrv_can_snapshot(bs1)) {
            sn = NULL;
            bs1_nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs1, &sn);
            if (bs1_nb_sns > 0) {
                no_snapshot = false;
                ie = g_new0(ImageEntry, 1);
                ie->imagename = bdrv_get_device_name(bs1);
                QTAILQ_INIT(&ie->snapshots);
                QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&image_list, ie, next);
                for (i = 0; i < bs1_nb_sns; i++) {
                    se = g_new0(SnapshotEntry, 1);
                    se->sn = sn[i];
                    QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&ie->snapshots, se, next);
                }
            }
            g_free(sn);
        }
        aio_context_release(ctx);
    }

    if (no_snapshot) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "There is no snapshot available.\n");
        return;
    }

    global_snapshots = g_new0(int, nb_sns);
    total = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
        SnapshotEntry *next_sn;
        if (bdrv_all_find_snapshot(sn_tab[i].name, &bs1) == 0) {
            global_snapshots[total] = i;
            total++;
            QTAILQ_FOREACH(image_entry, &image_list, next) {
                QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(snapshot_entry, &image_entry->snapshots,
                                    next, next_sn) {
                    if (!strcmp(sn_tab[i].name, snapshot_entry->sn.name)) {
                        QTAILQ_REMOVE(&image_entry->snapshots, snapshot_entry,
                                      next);
                        g_free(snapshot_entry);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    monitor_printf(mon, "List of snapshots present on all disks:\n");

    if (total > 0) {
        bdrv_snapshot_dump((fprintf_function)monitor_printf, mon, NULL);
        monitor_printf(mon, "\n");
        for (i = 0; i < total; i++) {
            sn = &sn_tab[global_snapshots[i]];
            /* The ID is not guaranteed to be the same on all images, so
             * overwrite it.
             */
            pstrcpy(sn->id_str, sizeof(sn->id_str), "--");
            bdrv_snapshot_dump((fprintf_function)monitor_printf, mon, sn);
            monitor_printf(mon, "\n");
        }
    } else {
        monitor_printf(mon, "None\n");
    }

    QTAILQ_FOREACH(image_entry, &image_list, next) {
        if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&image_entry->snapshots)) {
            continue;
        }
        monitor_printf(mon,
                       "\nList of partial (non-loadable) snapshots on '%s':\n",
                       image_entry->imagename);
        bdrv_snapshot_dump((fprintf_function)monitor_printf, mon, NULL);
        monitor_printf(mon, "\n");
        QTAILQ_FOREACH(snapshot_entry, &image_entry->snapshots, next) {
            bdrv_snapshot_dump((fprintf_function)monitor_printf, mon,
                               &snapshot_entry->sn);
            monitor_printf(mon, "\n");
        }
    }

    QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(image_entry, &image_list, next, next_ie) {
        SnapshotEntry *next_sn;
        QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(snapshot_entry, &image_entry->snapshots, next,
                            next_sn) {
            g_free(snapshot_entry);
        }
        g_free(image_entry);
    }
    g_free(sn_tab);
    g_free(global_snapshots);

}

void hmp_migrate_cancel(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    qmp_migrate_cancel(NULL);
}

void hmp_migrate_continue(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;
    const char *state = qdict_get_str(qdict, "state");
    int val = qapi_enum_parse(&MigrationStatus_lookup, state, -1, &err);

    if (val >= 0) {
        qmp_migrate_continue(val, &err);
    }

    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_migrate_incoming(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;
    const char *uri = qdict_get_str(qdict, "uri");

    qmp_migrate_incoming(uri, &err);

    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_migrate_recover(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;
    const char *uri = qdict_get_str(qdict, "uri");

    qmp_migrate_recover(uri, &err);

    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_migrate_pause(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_migrate_pause(&err);

    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

/* Kept for backwards compatibility */
void hmp_migrate_set_downtime(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    double value = qdict_get_double(qdict, "value");
    qmp_migrate_set_downtime(value, NULL);
}

void hmp_migrate_set_cache_size(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    int64_t value = qdict_get_int(qdict, "value");
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_migrate_set_cache_size(value, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

/* Kept for backwards compatibility */
void hmp_migrate_set_speed(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    int64_t value = qdict_get_int(qdict, "value");
    qmp_migrate_set_speed(value, NULL);
}

void hmp_migrate_set_capability(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *cap = qdict_get_str(qdict, "capability");
    bool state = qdict_get_bool(qdict, "state");
    Error *err = NULL;
    MigrationCapabilityStatusList *caps = g_malloc0(sizeof(*caps));
    int val;

    val = qapi_enum_parse(&MigrationCapability_lookup, cap, -1, &err);
    if (val < 0) {
        goto end;
    }

    caps->value = g_malloc0(sizeof(*caps->value));
    caps->value->capability = val;
    caps->value->state = state;
    caps->next = NULL;
    qmp_migrate_set_capabilities(caps, &err);

end:
    qapi_free_MigrationCapabilityStatusList(caps);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_migrate_set_parameter(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *param = qdict_get_str(qdict, "parameter");
    const char *valuestr = qdict_get_str(qdict, "value");
    Visitor *v = string_input_visitor_new(valuestr);
    MigrateSetParameters *p = g_new0(MigrateSetParameters, 1);
    uint64_t valuebw = 0;
    uint64_t cache_size;
    Error *err = NULL;
    int val, ret;

    val = qapi_enum_parse(&MigrationParameter_lookup, param, -1, &err);
    if (val < 0) {
        goto cleanup;
    }

    switch (val) {
    case MIGRATION_PARAMETER_COMPRESS_LEVEL:
        p->has_compress_level = true;
        visit_type_int(v, param, &p->compress_level, &err);
        break;
    case MIGRATION_PARAMETER_COMPRESS_THREADS:
        p->has_compress_threads = true;
        visit_type_int(v, param, &p->compress_threads, &err);
        break;
    case MIGRATION_PARAMETER_COMPRESS_WAIT_THREAD:
        p->has_compress_wait_thread = true;
        visit_type_bool(v, param, &p->compress_wait_thread, &err);
        break;
    case MIGRATION_PARAMETER_DECOMPRESS_THREADS:
        p->has_decompress_threads = true;
        visit_type_int(v, param, &p->decompress_threads, &err);
        break;
    case MIGRATION_PARAMETER_CPU_THROTTLE_INITIAL:
        p->has_cpu_throttle_initial = true;
        visit_type_int(v, param, &p->cpu_throttle_initial, &err);
        break;
    case MIGRATION_PARAMETER_CPU_THROTTLE_INCREMENT:
        p->has_cpu_throttle_increment = true;
        visit_type_int(v, param, &p->cpu_throttle_increment, &err);
        break;
    case MIGRATION_PARAMETER_MAX_CPU_THROTTLE:
        p->has_max_cpu_throttle = true;
        visit_type_int(v, param, &p->max_cpu_throttle, &err);
        break;
    case MIGRATION_PARAMETER_TLS_CREDS:
        p->has_tls_creds = true;
        p->tls_creds = g_new0(StrOrNull, 1);
        p->tls_creds->type = QTYPE_QSTRING;
        visit_type_str(v, param, &p->tls_creds->u.s, &err);
        break;
    case MIGRATION_PARAMETER_TLS_HOSTNAME:
        p->has_tls_hostname = true;
        p->tls_hostname = g_new0(StrOrNull, 1);
        p->tls_hostname->type = QTYPE_QSTRING;
        visit_type_str(v, param, &p->tls_hostname->u.s, &err);
        break;
    case MIGRATION_PARAMETER_MAX_BANDWIDTH:
        p->has_max_bandwidth = true;
        /*
         * Can't use visit_type_size() here, because it
         * defaults to Bytes rather than Mebibytes.
         */
        ret = qemu_strtosz_MiB(valuestr, NULL, &valuebw);
        if (ret < 0 || valuebw > INT64_MAX
            || (size_t)valuebw != valuebw) {
            error_setg(&err, "Invalid size %s", valuestr);
            break;
        }
        p->max_bandwidth = valuebw;
        break;
    case MIGRATION_PARAMETER_DOWNTIME_LIMIT:
        p->has_downtime_limit = true;
        visit_type_int(v, param, &p->downtime_limit, &err);
        break;
    case MIGRATION_PARAMETER_X_CHECKPOINT_DELAY:
        p->has_x_checkpoint_delay = true;
        visit_type_int(v, param, &p->x_checkpoint_delay, &err);
        break;
    case MIGRATION_PARAMETER_BLOCK_INCREMENTAL:
        p->has_block_incremental = true;
        visit_type_bool(v, param, &p->block_incremental, &err);
        break;
    case MIGRATION_PARAMETER_X_MULTIFD_CHANNELS:
        p->has_x_multifd_channels = true;
        visit_type_int(v, param, &p->x_multifd_channels, &err);
        break;
    case MIGRATION_PARAMETER_X_MULTIFD_PAGE_COUNT:
        p->has_x_multifd_page_count = true;
        visit_type_int(v, param, &p->x_multifd_page_count, &err);
        break;
    case MIGRATION_PARAMETER_XBZRLE_CACHE_SIZE:
        p->has_xbzrle_cache_size = true;
        visit_type_size(v, param, &cache_size, &err);
        if (err || cache_size > INT64_MAX
            || (size_t)cache_size != cache_size) {
            error_setg(&err, "Invalid size %s", valuestr);
            break;
        }
        p->xbzrle_cache_size = cache_size;
        break;
    case MIGRATION_PARAMETER_MAX_POSTCOPY_BANDWIDTH:
        p->has_max_postcopy_bandwidth = true;
        visit_type_size(v, param, &p->max_postcopy_bandwidth, &err);
        break;
    default:
        assert(0);
    }

    if (err) {
        goto cleanup;
    }

    qmp_migrate_set_parameters(p, &err);

 cleanup:
    qapi_free_MigrateSetParameters(p);
    visit_free(v);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_client_migrate_info(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;
    const char *protocol = qdict_get_str(qdict, "protocol");
    const char *hostname = qdict_get_str(qdict, "hostname");
    bool has_port        = qdict_haskey(qdict, "port");
    int port             = qdict_get_try_int(qdict, "port", -1);
    bool has_tls_port    = qdict_haskey(qdict, "tls-port");
    int tls_port         = qdict_get_try_int(qdict, "tls-port", -1);
    const char *cert_subject = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "cert-subject");

    qmp_client_migrate_info(protocol, hostname,
                            has_port, port, has_tls_port, tls_port,
                            !!cert_subject, cert_subject, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_migrate_start_postcopy(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;
    qmp_migrate_start_postcopy(&err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_x_colo_lost_heartbeat(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_x_colo_lost_heartbeat(&err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_set_password(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *protocol  = qdict_get_str(qdict, "protocol");
    const char *password  = qdict_get_str(qdict, "password");
    const char *connected = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "connected");
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_set_password(protocol, password, !!connected, connected, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_expire_password(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *protocol  = qdict_get_str(qdict, "protocol");
    const char *whenstr = qdict_get_str(qdict, "time");
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_expire_password(protocol, whenstr, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_eject(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    bool force = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "force", false);
    const char *device = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_eject(true, device, false, NULL, true, force, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_VNC
static void hmp_change_read_arg(void *opaque, const char *password,
                                void *readline_opaque)
{
    qmp_change_vnc_password(password, NULL);
    monitor_read_command(opaque, 1);
}
#endif

void hmp_change(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *device = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");
    const char *target = qdict_get_str(qdict, "target");
    const char *arg = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "arg");
    const char *read_only = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "read-only-mode");
    BlockdevChangeReadOnlyMode read_only_mode = 0;
    Error *err = NULL;

#ifdef CONFIG_VNC
    if (strcmp(device, "vnc") == 0) {
        if (read_only) {
            monitor_printf(mon,
                           "Parameter 'read-only-mode' is invalid for VNC\n");
            return;
        }
        if (strcmp(target, "passwd") == 0 ||
            strcmp(target, "password") == 0) {
            if (!arg) {
                monitor_read_password(mon, hmp_change_read_arg, NULL);
                return;
            }
        }
        qmp_change("vnc", target, !!arg, arg, &err);
    } else
#endif
    {
        if (read_only) {
            read_only_mode =
                qapi_enum_parse(&BlockdevChangeReadOnlyMode_lookup,
                                read_only,
                                BLOCKDEV_CHANGE_READ_ONLY_MODE_RETAIN, &err);
            if (err) {
                hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
                return;
            }
        }

        qmp_blockdev_change_medium(true, device, false, NULL, target,
                                   !!arg, arg, !!read_only, read_only_mode,
                                   &err);
    }

    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_block_set_io_throttle(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;
    char *device = (char *) qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");
    BlockIOThrottle throttle = {
        .bps = qdict_get_int(qdict, "bps"),
        .bps_rd = qdict_get_int(qdict, "bps_rd"),
        .bps_wr = qdict_get_int(qdict, "bps_wr"),
        .iops = qdict_get_int(qdict, "iops"),
        .iops_rd = qdict_get_int(qdict, "iops_rd"),
        .iops_wr = qdict_get_int(qdict, "iops_wr"),
    };

    /* qmp_block_set_io_throttle has separate parameters for the
     * (deprecated) block device name and the qdev ID but the HMP
     * version has only one, so we must decide which one to pass. */
    if (blk_by_name(device)) {
        throttle.has_device = true;
        throttle.device = device;
    } else {
        throttle.has_id = true;
        throttle.id = device;
    }

    qmp_block_set_io_throttle(&throttle, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_block_stream(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *error = NULL;
    const char *device = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");
    const char *base = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "base");
    int64_t speed = qdict_get_try_int(qdict, "speed", 0);

    qmp_block_stream(true, device, device, base != NULL, base, false, NULL,
                     false, NULL, qdict_haskey(qdict, "speed"), speed, true,
                     BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT, false, false, false, false,
                     &error);

    hmp_handle_error(mon, &error);
}

void hmp_block_job_set_speed(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *error = NULL;
    const char *device = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");
    int64_t value = qdict_get_int(qdict, "speed");

    qmp_block_job_set_speed(device, value, &error);

    hmp_handle_error(mon, &error);
}

void hmp_block_job_cancel(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *error = NULL;
    const char *device = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");
    bool force = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "force", false);

    qmp_block_job_cancel(device, true, force, &error);

    hmp_handle_error(mon, &error);
}

void hmp_block_job_pause(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *error = NULL;
    const char *device = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");

    qmp_block_job_pause(device, &error);

    hmp_handle_error(mon, &error);
}

void hmp_block_job_resume(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *error = NULL;
    const char *device = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");

    qmp_block_job_resume(device, &error);

    hmp_handle_error(mon, &error);
}

void hmp_block_job_complete(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *error = NULL;
    const char *device = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");

    qmp_block_job_complete(device, &error);

    hmp_handle_error(mon, &error);
}

typedef struct HMPMigrationStatus
{
    QEMUTimer *timer;
    Monitor *mon;
    bool is_block_migration;
} HMPMigrationStatus;

static void hmp_migrate_status_cb(void *opaque)
{
    HMPMigrationStatus *status = opaque;
    MigrationInfo *info;

    info = qmp_query_migrate(NULL);
    if (!info->has_status || info->status == MIGRATION_STATUS_ACTIVE ||
        info->status == MIGRATION_STATUS_SETUP) {
        if (info->has_disk) {
            int progress;

            if (info->disk->remaining) {
                progress = info->disk->transferred * 100 / info->disk->total;
            } else {
                progress = 100;
            }

            monitor_printf(status->mon, "Completed %d %%\r", progress);
            monitor_flush(status->mon);
        }

        timer_mod(status->timer, qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME) + 1000);
    } else {
        if (status->is_block_migration) {
            monitor_printf(status->mon, "\n");
        }
        if (info->has_error_desc) {
            error_report("%s", info->error_desc);
        }
        monitor_resume(status->mon);
        timer_del(status->timer);
        timer_free(status->timer);
        g_free(status);
    }

    qapi_free_MigrationInfo(info);
}

void hmp_migrate(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    bool detach = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "detach", false);
    bool blk = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "blk", false);
    bool inc = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "inc", false);
    bool resume = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "resume", false);
    const char *uri = qdict_get_str(qdict, "uri");
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_migrate(uri, !!blk, blk, !!inc, inc,
                false, false, true, resume, &err);
    if (err) {
        hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
        return;
    }

    if (!detach) {
        HMPMigrationStatus *status;

        if (monitor_suspend(mon) < 0) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "terminal does not allow synchronous "
                           "migration, continuing detached\n");
            return;
        }

        status = g_malloc0(sizeof(*status));
        status->mon = mon;
        status->is_block_migration = blk || inc;
        status->timer = timer_new_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME, hmp_migrate_status_cb,
                                          status);
        timer_mod(status->timer, qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME));
    }
}

void hmp_device_add(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_device_add((QDict *)qdict, NULL, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_device_del(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *id = qdict_get_str(qdict, "id");
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_device_del(id, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_dump_guest_memory(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;
    bool win_dmp = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "windmp", false);
    bool paging = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "paging", false);
    bool zlib = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "zlib", false);
    bool lzo = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "lzo", false);
    bool snappy = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "snappy", false);
    const char *file = qdict_get_str(qdict, "filename");
    bool has_begin = qdict_haskey(qdict, "begin");
    bool has_length = qdict_haskey(qdict, "length");
    bool has_detach = qdict_haskey(qdict, "detach");
    int64_t begin = 0;
    int64_t length = 0;
    bool detach = false;
    enum DumpGuestMemoryFormat dump_format = DUMP_GUEST_MEMORY_FORMAT_ELF;
    char *prot;

    if (zlib + lzo + snappy + win_dmp > 1) {
        error_setg(&err, "only one of '-z|-l|-s|-w' can be set");
        hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
        return;
    }

    if (win_dmp) {
        dump_format = DUMP_GUEST_MEMORY_FORMAT_WIN_DMP;
    }

    if (zlib) {
        dump_format = DUMP_GUEST_MEMORY_FORMAT_KDUMP_ZLIB;
    }

    if (lzo) {
        dump_format = DUMP_GUEST_MEMORY_FORMAT_KDUMP_LZO;
    }

    if (snappy) {
        dump_format = DUMP_GUEST_MEMORY_FORMAT_KDUMP_SNAPPY;
    }

    if (has_begin) {
        begin = qdict_get_int(qdict, "begin");
    }
    if (has_length) {
        length = qdict_get_int(qdict, "length");
    }
    if (has_detach) {
        detach = qdict_get_bool(qdict, "detach");
    }

    prot = g_strconcat("file:", file, NULL);

    qmp_dump_guest_memory(paging, prot, true, detach, has_begin, begin,
                          has_length, length, true, dump_format, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
    g_free(prot);
}

void hmp_netdev_add(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;
    QemuOpts *opts;

    opts = qemu_opts_from_qdict(qemu_find_opts("netdev"), qdict, &err);
    if (err) {
        goto out;
    }

    netdev_add(opts, &err);
    if (err) {
        qemu_opts_del(opts);
    }

out:
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_netdev_del(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *id = qdict_get_str(qdict, "id");
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_netdev_del(id, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_object_add(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;
    QemuOpts *opts;
    Object *obj = NULL;

    opts = qemu_opts_from_qdict(qemu_find_opts("object"), qdict, &err);
    if (err) {
        hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
        return;
    }

    obj = user_creatable_add_opts(opts, &err);
    qemu_opts_del(opts);

    if (err) {
        hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
    }
    if (obj) {
        object_unref(obj);
    }
}

void hmp_getfd(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *fdname = qdict_get_str(qdict, "fdname");
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_getfd(fdname, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_closefd(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *fdname = qdict_get_str(qdict, "fdname");
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_closefd(fdname, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_sendkey(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *keys = qdict_get_str(qdict, "keys");
    KeyValueList *keylist, *head = NULL, *tmp = NULL;
    int has_hold_time = qdict_haskey(qdict, "hold-time");
    int hold_time = qdict_get_try_int(qdict, "hold-time", -1);
    Error *err = NULL;
    const char *separator;
    int keyname_len;

    while (1) {
        separator = qemu_strchrnul(keys, '-');
        keyname_len = separator - keys;

        /* Be compatible with old interface, convert user inputted "<" */
        if (keys[0] == '<' && keyname_len == 1) {
            keys = "less";
            keyname_len = 4;
        }

        keylist = g_malloc0(sizeof(*keylist));
        keylist->value = g_malloc0(sizeof(*keylist->value));

        if (!head) {
            head = keylist;
        }
        if (tmp) {
            tmp->next = keylist;
        }
        tmp = keylist;

        if (strstart(keys, "0x", NULL)) {
            char *endp;
            int value = strtoul(keys, &endp, 0);
            assert(endp <= keys + keyname_len);
            if (endp != keys + keyname_len) {
                goto err_out;
            }
            keylist->value->type = KEY_VALUE_KIND_NUMBER;
            keylist->value->u.number.data = value;
        } else {
            int idx = index_from_key(keys, keyname_len);
            if (idx == Q_KEY_CODE__MAX) {
                goto err_out;
            }
            keylist->value->type = KEY_VALUE_KIND_QCODE;
            keylist->value->u.qcode.data = idx;
        }

        if (!*separator) {
            break;
        }
        keys = separator + 1;
    }

    qmp_send_key(head, has_hold_time, hold_time, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);

out:
    qapi_free_KeyValueList(head);
    return;

err_out:
    monitor_printf(mon, "invalid parameter: %.*s\n", keyname_len, keys);
    goto out;
}

void hmp_screendump(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *filename = qdict_get_str(qdict, "filename");
    const char *id = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "device");
    int64_t head = qdict_get_try_int(qdict, "head", 0);
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_screendump(filename, id != NULL, id, id != NULL, head, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_nbd_server_start(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *uri = qdict_get_str(qdict, "uri");
    bool writable = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "writable", false);
    bool all = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "all", false);
    Error *local_err = NULL;
    BlockInfoList *block_list, *info;
    SocketAddress *addr;

    if (writable && !all) {
        error_setg(&local_err, "-w only valid together with -a");
        goto exit;
    }

    /* First check if the address is valid and start the server.  */
    addr = socket_parse(uri, &local_err);
    if (local_err != NULL) {
        goto exit;
    }

    nbd_server_start(addr, NULL, &local_err);
    qapi_free_SocketAddress(addr);
    if (local_err != NULL) {
        goto exit;
    }

    if (!all) {
        return;
    }

    /* Then try adding all block devices.  If one fails, close all and
     * exit.
     */
    block_list = qmp_query_block(NULL);

    for (info = block_list; info; info = info->next) {
        if (!info->value->has_inserted) {
            continue;
        }

        qmp_nbd_server_add(info->value->device, false, NULL,
                           true, writable, false, NULL, &local_err);

        if (local_err != NULL) {
            qmp_nbd_server_stop(NULL);
            break;
        }
    }

    qapi_free_BlockInfoList(block_list);

exit:
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &local_err);
}

void hmp_nbd_server_add(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *device = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");
    const char *name = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "name");
    bool writable = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "writable", false);
    Error *local_err = NULL;

    qmp_nbd_server_add(device, !!name, name, true, writable,
                       false, NULL, &local_err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &local_err);
}

void hmp_nbd_server_remove(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *name = qdict_get_str(qdict, "name");
    bool force = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "force", false);
    Error *err = NULL;

    /* Rely on NBD_SERVER_REMOVE_MODE_SAFE being the default */
    qmp_nbd_server_remove(name, force, NBD_SERVER_REMOVE_MODE_HARD, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_nbd_server_stop(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;

    qmp_nbd_server_stop(&err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_cpu_add(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    int cpuid;
    Error *err = NULL;

    error_report("cpu_add is deprecated, please use device_add instead");

    cpuid = qdict_get_int(qdict, "id");
    qmp_cpu_add(cpuid, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_chardev_add(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *args = qdict_get_str(qdict, "args");
    Error *err = NULL;
    QemuOpts *opts;

    opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("chardev"), args, true);
    if (opts == NULL) {
        error_setg(&err, "Parsing chardev args failed");
    } else {
        qemu_chr_new_from_opts(opts, NULL, &err);
        qemu_opts_del(opts);
    }
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_chardev_change(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *args = qdict_get_str(qdict, "args");
    const char *id;
    Error *err = NULL;
    ChardevBackend *backend = NULL;
    ChardevReturn *ret = NULL;
    QemuOpts *opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("chardev"), args,
                                             true);
    if (!opts) {
        error_setg(&err, "Parsing chardev args failed");
        goto end;
    }

    id = qdict_get_str(qdict, "id");
    if (qemu_opts_id(opts)) {
        error_setg(&err, "Unexpected 'id' parameter");
        goto end;
    }

    backend = qemu_chr_parse_opts(opts, &err);
    if (!backend) {
        goto end;
    }

    ret = qmp_chardev_change(id, backend, &err);

end:
    qapi_free_ChardevReturn(ret);
    qapi_free_ChardevBackend(backend);
    qemu_opts_del(opts);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_chardev_remove(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *local_err = NULL;

    qmp_chardev_remove(qdict_get_str(qdict, "id"), &local_err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &local_err);
}

void hmp_chardev_send_break(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *local_err = NULL;

    qmp_chardev_send_break(qdict_get_str(qdict, "id"), &local_err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &local_err);
}

void hmp_qemu_io(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    BlockBackend *blk;
    BlockBackend *local_blk = NULL;
    const char* device = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");
    const char* command = qdict_get_str(qdict, "command");
    Error *err = NULL;
    int ret;

    blk = blk_by_name(device);
    if (!blk) {
        BlockDriverState *bs = bdrv_lookup_bs(NULL, device, &err);
        if (bs) {
            blk = local_blk = blk_new(0, BLK_PERM_ALL);
            ret = blk_insert_bs(blk, bs, &err);
            if (ret < 0) {
                goto fail;
            }
        } else {
            goto fail;
        }
    }

    /*
     * Notably absent: Proper permission management. This is sad, but it seems
     * almost impossible to achieve without changing the semantics and thereby
     * limiting the use cases of the qemu-io HMP command.
     *
     * In an ideal world we would unconditionally create a new BlockBackend for
     * qemuio_command(), but we have commands like 'reopen' and want them to
     * take effect on the exact BlockBackend whose name the user passed instead
     * of just on a temporary copy of it.
     *
     * Another problem is that deleting the temporary BlockBackend involves
     * draining all requests on it first, but some qemu-iotests cases want to
     * issue multiple aio_read/write requests and expect them to complete in
     * the background while the monitor has already returned.
     *
     * This is also what prevents us from saving the original permissions and
     * restoring them later: We can't revoke permissions until all requests
     * have completed, and we don't know when that is nor can we really let
     * anything else run before we have revoken them to avoid race conditions.
     *
     * What happens now is that command() in qemu-io-cmds.c can extend the
     * permissions if necessary for the qemu-io command. And they simply stay
     * extended, possibly resulting in a read-only guest device keeping write
     * permissions. Ugly, but it appears to be the lesser evil.
     */
    qemuio_command(blk, command);

fail:
    blk_unref(local_blk);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_object_del(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *id = qdict_get_str(qdict, "id");
    Error *err = NULL;

    user_creatable_del(id, &err);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_info_memdev(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;
    MemdevList *memdev_list = qmp_query_memdev(&err);
    MemdevList *m = memdev_list;
    Visitor *v;
    char *str;

    while (m) {
        v = string_output_visitor_new(false, &str);
        visit_type_uint16List(v, NULL, &m->value->host_nodes, NULL);
        monitor_printf(mon, "memory backend: %s\n", m->value->id);
        monitor_printf(mon, "  size:  %" PRId64 "\n", m->value->size);
        monitor_printf(mon, "  merge: %s\n",
                       m->value->merge ? "true" : "false");
        monitor_printf(mon, "  dump: %s\n",
                       m->value->dump ? "true" : "false");
        monitor_printf(mon, "  prealloc: %s\n",
                       m->value->prealloc ? "true" : "false");
        monitor_printf(mon, "  policy: %s\n",
                       HostMemPolicy_str(m->value->policy));
        visit_complete(v, &str);
        monitor_printf(mon, "  host nodes: %s\n", str);

        g_free(str);
        visit_free(v);
        m = m->next;
    }

    monitor_printf(mon, "\n");

    qapi_free_MemdevList(memdev_list);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_info_memory_devices(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;
    MemoryDeviceInfoList *info_list = qmp_query_memory_devices(&err);
    MemoryDeviceInfoList *info;
    MemoryDeviceInfo *value;
    PCDIMMDeviceInfo *di;

    for (info = info_list; info; info = info->next) {
        value = info->value;

        if (value) {
            switch (value->type) {
            case MEMORY_DEVICE_INFO_KIND_DIMM:
                di = value->u.dimm.data;
                break;

            case MEMORY_DEVICE_INFO_KIND_NVDIMM:
                di = value->u.nvdimm.data;
                break;

            default:
                di = NULL;
                break;
            }

            if (di) {
                monitor_printf(mon, "Memory device [%s]: \"%s\"\n",
                               MemoryDeviceInfoKind_str(value->type),
                               di->id ? di->id : "");
                monitor_printf(mon, "  addr: 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", di->addr);
                monitor_printf(mon, "  slot: %" PRId64 "\n", di->slot);
                monitor_printf(mon, "  node: %" PRId64 "\n", di->node);
                monitor_printf(mon, "  size: %" PRIu64 "\n", di->size);
                monitor_printf(mon, "  memdev: %s\n", di->memdev);
                monitor_printf(mon, "  hotplugged: %s\n",
                               di->hotplugged ? "true" : "false");
                monitor_printf(mon, "  hotpluggable: %s\n",
                               di->hotpluggable ? "true" : "false");
            }
        }
    }

    qapi_free_MemoryDeviceInfoList(info_list);
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_info_iothreads(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    IOThreadInfoList *info_list = qmp_query_iothreads(NULL);
    IOThreadInfoList *info;
    IOThreadInfo *value;

    for (info = info_list; info; info = info->next) {
        value = info->value;
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s:\n", value->id);
        monitor_printf(mon, "  thread_id=%" PRId64 "\n", value->thread_id);
        monitor_printf(mon, "  poll-max-ns=%" PRId64 "\n", value->poll_max_ns);
        monitor_printf(mon, "  poll-grow=%" PRId64 "\n", value->poll_grow);
        monitor_printf(mon, "  poll-shrink=%" PRId64 "\n", value->poll_shrink);
    }

    qapi_free_IOThreadInfoList(info_list);
}

void hmp_qom_list(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *path = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "path");
    ObjectPropertyInfoList *list;
    Error *err = NULL;

    if (path == NULL) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "/\n");
        return;
    }

    list = qmp_qom_list(path, &err);
    if (err == NULL) {
        ObjectPropertyInfoList *start = list;
        while (list != NULL) {
            ObjectPropertyInfo *value = list->value;

            monitor_printf(mon, "%s (%s)\n",
                           value->name, value->type);
            list = list->next;
        }
        qapi_free_ObjectPropertyInfoList(start);
    }
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_qom_set(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *path = qdict_get_str(qdict, "path");
    const char *property = qdict_get_str(qdict, "property");
    const char *value = qdict_get_str(qdict, "value");
    Error *err = NULL;
    bool ambiguous = false;
    Object *obj;

    obj = object_resolve_path(path, &ambiguous);
    if (obj == NULL) {
        error_set(&err, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
                  "Device '%s' not found", path);
    } else {
        if (ambiguous) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "Warning: Path '%s' is ambiguous\n", path);
        }
        object_property_parse(obj, value, property, &err);
    }
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}

void hmp_rocker(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    const char *name = qdict_get_str(qdict, "name");
    RockerSwitch *rocker;
    Error *err = NULL;

    rocker = qmp_query_rocker(name, &err);
    if (err != NULL) {
        hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
        return;
    }

    monitor_printf(mon, "name: %s\n", rocker->name);
    monitor_printf(mon, "id: 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", rocker->id);
    monitor_printf(mon, "ports: %d\n", rocker->ports);

    qapi_free_RockerSwitch(rocker);
}

void hmp_rocker_ports(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    RockerPortList *list, *port;
    const char *name = qdict_get_str(qdict, "name");
    Error *err = NULL;

    list = qmp_query_rocker_ports(name, &err);
    if (err != NULL) {
        hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
        return;
    }

    monitor_printf(mon, "            ena/    speed/ auto\n");
    monitor_printf(mon, "      port  link    duplex neg?\n");

    for (port = list; port; port = port->next) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "%10s  %-4s   %-3s  %2s  %-3s\n",
                       port->value->name,
                       port->value->enabled ? port->value->link_up ?
                       "up" : "down" : "!ena",
                       port->value->speed == 10000 ? "10G" : "??",
                       port->value->duplex ? "FD" : "HD",
                       port->value->autoneg ? "Yes" : "No");
    }

    qapi_free_RockerPortList(list);
}

void hmp_rocker_of_dpa_flows(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    RockerOfDpaFlowList *list, *info;
    const char *name = qdict_get_str(qdict, "name");
    uint32_t tbl_id = qdict_get_try_int(qdict, "tbl_id", -1);
    Error *err = NULL;

    list = qmp_query_rocker_of_dpa_flows(name, tbl_id != -1, tbl_id, &err);
    if (err != NULL) {
        hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
        return;
    }

    monitor_printf(mon, "prio tbl hits key(mask) --> actions\n");

    for (info = list; info; info = info->next) {
        RockerOfDpaFlow *flow = info->value;
        RockerOfDpaFlowKey *key = flow->key;
        RockerOfDpaFlowMask *mask = flow->mask;
        RockerOfDpaFlowAction *action = flow->action;

        if (flow->hits) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "%-4d %-3d %-4" PRIu64,
                           key->priority, key->tbl_id, flow->hits);
        } else {
            monitor_printf(mon, "%-4d %-3d     ",
                           key->priority, key->tbl_id);
        }

        if (key->has_in_pport) {
            monitor_printf(mon, " pport %d", key->in_pport);
            if (mask->has_in_pport) {
                monitor_printf(mon, "(0x%x)", mask->in_pport);
            }
        }

        if (key->has_vlan_id) {
            monitor_printf(mon, " vlan %d",
                           key->vlan_id & VLAN_VID_MASK);
            if (mask->has_vlan_id) {
                monitor_printf(mon, "(0x%x)", mask->vlan_id);
            }
        }

        if (key->has_tunnel_id) {
            monitor_printf(mon, " tunnel %d", key->tunnel_id);
            if (mask->has_tunnel_id) {
                monitor_printf(mon, "(0x%x)", mask->tunnel_id);
            }
        }

        if (key->has_eth_type) {
            switch (key->eth_type) {
            case 0x0806:
                monitor_printf(mon, " ARP");
                break;
            case 0x0800:
                monitor_printf(mon, " IP");
                break;
            case 0x86dd:
                monitor_printf(mon, " IPv6");
                break;
            case 0x8809:
                monitor_printf(mon, " LACP");
                break;
            case 0x88cc:
                monitor_printf(mon, " LLDP");
                break;
            default:
                monitor_printf(mon, " eth type 0x%04x", key->eth_type);
                break;
            }
        }

        if (key->has_eth_src) {
            if ((strcmp(key->eth_src, "01:00:00:00:00:00") == 0) &&
                (mask->has_eth_src) &&
                (strcmp(mask->eth_src, "01:00:00:00:00:00") == 0)) {
                monitor_printf(mon, " src <any mcast/bcast>");
            } else if ((strcmp(key->eth_src, "00:00:00:00:00:00") == 0) &&
                (mask->has_eth_src) &&
                (strcmp(mask->eth_src, "01:00:00:00:00:00") == 0)) {
                monitor_printf(mon, " src <any ucast>");
            } else {
                monitor_printf(mon, " src %s", key->eth_src);
                if (mask->has_eth_src) {
                    monitor_printf(mon, "(%s)", mask->eth_src);
                }
            }
        }

        if (key->has_eth_dst) {
            if ((strcmp(key->eth_dst, "01:00:00:00:00:00") == 0) &&
                (mask->has_eth_dst) &&
                (strcmp(mask->eth_dst, "01:00:00:00:00:00") == 0)) {
                monitor_printf(mon, " dst <any mcast/bcast>");
            } else if ((strcmp(key->eth_dst, "00:00:00:00:00:00") == 0) &&
                (mask->has_eth_dst) &&
                (strcmp(mask->eth_dst, "01:00:00:00:00:00") == 0)) {
                monitor_printf(mon, " dst <any ucast>");
            } else {
                monitor_printf(mon, " dst %s", key->eth_dst);
                if (mask->has_eth_dst) {
                    monitor_printf(mon, "(%s)", mask->eth_dst);
                }
            }
        }

        if (key->has_ip_proto) {
            monitor_printf(mon, " proto %d", key->ip_proto);
            if (mask->has_ip_proto) {
                monitor_printf(mon, "(0x%x)", mask->ip_proto);
            }
        }

        if (key->has_ip_tos) {
            monitor_printf(mon, " TOS %d", key->ip_tos);
            if (mask->has_ip_tos) {
                monitor_printf(mon, "(0x%x)", mask->ip_tos);
            }
        }

        if (key->has_ip_dst) {
            monitor_printf(mon, " dst %s", key->ip_dst);
        }

        if (action->has_goto_tbl || action->has_group_id ||
            action->has_new_vlan_id) {
            monitor_printf(mon, " -->");
        }

        if (action->has_new_vlan_id) {
            monitor_printf(mon, " apply new vlan %d",
                           ntohs(action->new_vlan_id));
        }

        if (action->has_group_id) {
            monitor_printf(mon, " write group 0x%08x", action->group_id);
        }

        if (action->has_goto_tbl) {
            monitor_printf(mon, " goto tbl %d", action->goto_tbl);
        }

        monitor_printf(mon, "\n");
    }

    qapi_free_RockerOfDpaFlowList(list);
}

void hmp_rocker_of_dpa_groups(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    RockerOfDpaGroupList *list, *g;
    const char *name = qdict_get_str(qdict, "name");
    uint8_t type = qdict_get_try_int(qdict, "type", 9);
    Error *err = NULL;
    bool set = false;

    list = qmp_query_rocker_of_dpa_groups(name, type != 9, type, &err);
    if (err != NULL) {
        hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
        return;
    }

    monitor_printf(mon, "id (decode) --> buckets\n");

    for (g = list; g; g = g->next) {
        RockerOfDpaGroup *group = g->value;

        monitor_printf(mon, "0x%08x", group->id);

        monitor_printf(mon, " (type %s", group->type == 0 ? "L2 interface" :
                                         group->type == 1 ? "L2 rewrite" :
                                         group->type == 2 ? "L3 unicast" :
                                         group->type == 3 ? "L2 multicast" :
                                         group->type == 4 ? "L2 flood" :
                                         group->type == 5 ? "L3 interface" :
                                         group->type == 6 ? "L3 multicast" :
                                         group->type == 7 ? "L3 ECMP" :
                                         group->type == 8 ? "L2 overlay" :
                                         "unknown");

        if (group->has_vlan_id) {
            monitor_printf(mon, " vlan %d", group->vlan_id);
        }

        if (group->has_pport) {
            monitor_printf(mon, " pport %d", group->pport);
        }

        if (group->has_index) {
            monitor_printf(mon, " index %d", group->index);
        }

        monitor_printf(mon, ") -->");

        if (group->has_set_vlan_id && group->set_vlan_id) {
            set = true;
            monitor_printf(mon, " set vlan %d",
                           group->set_vlan_id & VLAN_VID_MASK);
        }

        if (group->has_set_eth_src) {
            if (!set) {
                set = true;
                monitor_printf(mon, " set");
            }
            monitor_printf(mon, " src %s", group->set_eth_src);
        }

        if (group->has_set_eth_dst) {
            if (!set) {
                set = true;
                monitor_printf(mon, " set");
            }
            monitor_printf(mon, " dst %s", group->set_eth_dst);
        }

        set = false;

        if (group->has_ttl_check && group->ttl_check) {
            monitor_printf(mon, " check TTL");
        }

        if (group->has_group_id && group->group_id) {
            monitor_printf(mon, " group id 0x%08x", group->group_id);
        }

        if (group->has_pop_vlan && group->pop_vlan) {
            monitor_printf(mon, " pop vlan");
        }

        if (group->has_out_pport) {
            monitor_printf(mon, " out pport %d", group->out_pport);
        }

        if (group->has_group_ids) {
            struct uint32List *id;

            monitor_printf(mon, " groups [");
            for (id = group->group_ids; id; id = id->next) {
                monitor_printf(mon, "0x%08x", id->value);
                if (id->next) {
                    monitor_printf(mon, ",");
                }
            }
            monitor_printf(mon, "]");
        }

        monitor_printf(mon, "\n");
    }

    qapi_free_RockerOfDpaGroupList(list);
}

void hmp_info_dump(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    DumpQueryResult *result = qmp_query_dump(NULL);

    assert(result && result->status < DUMP_STATUS__MAX);
    monitor_printf(mon, "Status: %s\n", DumpStatus_str(result->status));

    if (result->status == DUMP_STATUS_ACTIVE) {
        float percent = 0;
        assert(result->total != 0);
        percent = 100.0 * result->completed / result->total;
        monitor_printf(mon, "Finished: %.2f %%\n", percent);
    }

    qapi_free_DumpQueryResult(result);
}

void hmp_info_ramblock(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    ram_block_dump(mon);
}

void hmp_hotpluggable_cpus(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;
    HotpluggableCPUList *l = qmp_query_hotpluggable_cpus(&err);
    HotpluggableCPUList *saved = l;
    CpuInstanceProperties *c;

    if (err != NULL) {
        hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
        return;
    }

    monitor_printf(mon, "Hotpluggable CPUs:\n");
    while (l) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "  type: \"%s\"\n", l->value->type);
        monitor_printf(mon, "  vcpus_count: \"%" PRIu64 "\"\n",
                       l->value->vcpus_count);
        if (l->value->has_qom_path) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "  qom_path: \"%s\"\n", l->value->qom_path);
        }

        c = l->value->props;
        monitor_printf(mon, "  CPUInstance Properties:\n");
        if (c->has_node_id) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "    node-id: \"%" PRIu64 "\"\n", c->node_id);
        }
        if (c->has_socket_id) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "    socket-id: \"%" PRIu64 "\"\n", c->socket_id);
        }
        if (c->has_core_id) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "    core-id: \"%" PRIu64 "\"\n", c->core_id);
        }
        if (c->has_thread_id) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "    thread-id: \"%" PRIu64 "\"\n", c->thread_id);
        }

        l = l->next;
    }

    qapi_free_HotpluggableCPUList(saved);
}

void hmp_info_vm_generation_id(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;
    GuidInfo *info = qmp_query_vm_generation_id(&err);
    if (info) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "%s\n", info->guid);
    }
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
    qapi_free_GuidInfo(info);
}

void hmp_info_memory_size_summary(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
{
    Error *err = NULL;
    MemoryInfo *info = qmp_query_memory_size_summary(&err);
    if (info) {
        monitor_printf(mon, "base memory: %" PRIu64 "\n",
                       info->base_memory);

        if (info->has_plugged_memory) {
            monitor_printf(mon, "plugged memory: %" PRIu64 "\n",
                           info->plugged_memory);
        }

        qapi_free_MemoryInfo(info);
    }
    hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
}
" \ "-incoming exec:cmdline\n" \ " accept incoming migration on given file descriptor\n" \ " or from given external command\n" \ "-incoming defer\n" \ " wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) STEXI @item -incoming tcp:[@var{host}]:@var{port}[,to=@var{maxport}][,ipv4][,ipv6] @itemx -incoming rdma:@var{host}:@var{port}[,ipv4][,ipv6] @findex -incoming Prepare for incoming migration, listen on a given tcp port. @item -incoming unix:@var{socketpath} Prepare for incoming migration, listen on a given unix socket. @item -incoming fd:@var{fd} Accept incoming migration from a given filedescriptor. @item -incoming exec:@var{cmdline} Accept incoming migration as an output from specified external command. @item -incoming defer Wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming. The monitor can be used to change settings (such as migration parameters) prior to issuing the migrate_incoming to allow the migration to begin. ETEXI DEF("only-migratable", 0, QEMU_OPTION_only_migratable, \ "-only-migratable allow only migratable devices\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) STEXI @item -only-migratable @findex -only-migratable Only allow migratable devices. Devices will not be allowed to enter an unmigratable state. ETEXI DEF("nodefaults", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nodefaults, \ "-nodefaults don't create default devices\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) STEXI @item -nodefaults @findex -nodefaults Don't create default devices. Normally, QEMU sets the default devices like serial port, parallel port, virtual console, monitor device, VGA adapter, floppy and CD-ROM drive and others. The @code{-nodefaults} option will disable all those default devices. ETEXI #ifndef _WIN32 DEF("chroot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_chroot, \ "-chroot dir chroot to dir just before starting the VM\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) #endif STEXI @item -chroot @var{dir} @findex -chroot Immediately before starting guest execution, chroot to the specified directory. Especially useful in combination with -runas. ETEXI #ifndef _WIN32 DEF("runas", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_runas, \ "-runas user change to user id user just before starting the VM\n" \ " user can be numeric uid:gid instead\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) #endif STEXI @item -runas @var{user} @findex -runas Immediately before starting guest execution, drop root privileges, switching to the specified user. ETEXI DEF("prom-env", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_prom_env, "-prom-env variable=value\n" " set OpenBIOS nvram variables\n", QEMU_ARCH_PPC | QEMU_ARCH_SPARC) STEXI @item -prom-env @var{variable}=@var{value} @findex -prom-env Set OpenBIOS nvram @var{variable} to given @var{value} (PPC, SPARC only). ETEXI DEF("semihosting", 0, QEMU_OPTION_semihosting, "-semihosting semihosting mode\n", QEMU_ARCH_ARM | QEMU_ARCH_M68K | QEMU_ARCH_XTENSA | QEMU_ARCH_LM32 | QEMU_ARCH_MIPS) STEXI @item -semihosting @findex -semihosting Enable semihosting mode (ARM, M68K, Xtensa, MIPS only). ETEXI DEF("semihosting-config", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_semihosting_config, "-semihosting-config [enable=on|off][,target=native|gdb|auto][,arg=str[,...]]\n" \ " semihosting configuration\n", QEMU_ARCH_ARM | QEMU_ARCH_M68K | QEMU_ARCH_XTENSA | QEMU_ARCH_LM32 | QEMU_ARCH_MIPS) STEXI @item -semihosting-config [enable=on|off][,target=native|gdb|auto][,arg=str[,...]] @findex -semihosting-config Enable and configure semihosting (ARM, M68K, Xtensa, MIPS only). @table @option @item target=@code{native|gdb|auto} Defines where the semihosting calls will be addressed, to QEMU (@code{native}) or to GDB (@code{gdb}). The default is @code{auto}, which means @code{gdb} during debug sessions and @code{native} otherwise. @item arg=@var{str1},arg=@var{str2},... Allows the user to pass input arguments, and can be used multiple times to build up a list. The old-style @code{-kernel}/@code{-append} method of passing a command line is still supported for backward compatibility. If both the @code{--semihosting-config arg} and the @code{-kernel}/@code{-append} are specified, the former is passed to semihosting as it always takes precedence. @end table ETEXI DEF("old-param", 0, QEMU_OPTION_old_param, "-old-param old param mode\n", QEMU_ARCH_ARM) STEXI @item -old-param @findex -old-param (ARM) Old param mode (ARM only). ETEXI DEF("sandbox", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_sandbox, \ "-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]\n" \ " [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]\n" \ " Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').\n" \ " use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided\n" \ " by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern\n" \ " C library implementations.\n" \ " use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny QEMU process to elevate\n" \ " its privileges by blacklisting all set*uid|gid system calls.\n" \ " The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for\n" \ " main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged\n" \ " use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by\n" \ " blacklisting *fork and execve\n" \ " use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) STEXI @item -sandbox @var{arg}[,obsolete=@var{string}][,elevateprivileges=@var{string}][,spawn=@var{string}][,resourcecontrol=@var{string}] @findex -sandbox Enable Seccomp mode 2 system call filter. 'on' will enable syscall filtering and 'off' will disable it. The default is 'off'. @table @option @item obsolete=@var{string} Enable Obsolete system calls @item elevateprivileges=@var{string} Disable set*uid|gid system calls @item spawn=@var{string} Disable *fork and execve @item resourcecontrol=@var{string} Disable process affinity and schedular priority @end table ETEXI DEF("readconfig", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_readconfig, "-readconfig <file>\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) STEXI @item -readconfig @var{file} @findex -readconfig Read device configuration from @var{file}. This approach is useful when you want to spawn QEMU process with many command line options but you don't want to exceed the command line character limit. ETEXI DEF("writeconfig", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_writeconfig, "-writeconfig <file>\n" " read/write config file\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) STEXI @item -writeconfig @var{file} @findex -writeconfig Write device configuration to @var{file}. The @var{file} can be either filename to save command line and device configuration into file or dash @code{-}) character to print the output to stdout. This can be later used as input file for @code{-readconfig} option. ETEXI DEF("no-user-config", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig, "-no-user-config\n" " do not load default user-provided config files at startup\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) STEXI @item -no-user-config @findex -no-user-config The @code{-no-user-config} option makes QEMU not load any of the user-provided config files on @var{sysconfdir}. ETEXI DEF("trace", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_trace, "-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n" " specify tracing options\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) STEXI HXCOMM This line is not accurate, as some sub-options are backend-specific but HXCOMM HX does not support conditional compilation of text. @item -trace [[enable=]@var{pattern}][,events=@var{file}][,file=@var{file}] @findex -trace @include qemu-option-trace.texi ETEXI HXCOMM Internal use DEF("qtest", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qtest, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) DEF("qtest-log", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qtest_log, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) #ifdef __linux__ DEF("enable-fips", 0, QEMU_OPTION_enablefips, "-enable-fips enable FIPS 140-2 compliance\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) #endif STEXI @item -enable-fips @findex -enable-fips Enable FIPS 140-2 compliance mode. ETEXI HXCOMM Deprecated by -machine accel=tcg property DEF("no-kvm", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm, "", QEMU_ARCH_I386) DEF("msg", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_msg, "-msg timestamp[=on|off]\n" " change the format of messages\n" " on|off controls leading timestamps (default:on)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) STEXI @item -msg timestamp[=on|off] @findex -msg prepend a timestamp to each log message.(default:on) ETEXI DEF("dump-vmstate", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_dump_vmstate, "-dump-vmstate <file>\n" " Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.\n" " Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to\n" " check for possible regressions in migration code\n" " by comparing two such vmstate dumps.\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) STEXI @item -dump-vmstate @var{file} @findex -dump-vmstate Dump json-encoded vmstate information for current machine type to file in @var{file} ETEXI DEF("enable-sync-profile", 0, QEMU_OPTION_enable_sync_profile, "-enable-sync-profile\n" " enable synchronization profiling\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) STEXI @item -enable-sync-profile @findex -enable-sync-profile Enable synchronization profiling. ETEXI STEXI @end table ETEXI DEFHEADING() DEFHEADING(Generic object creation:) STEXI @table @option ETEXI DEF("object", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_object, "-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]\n" " create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties\n" " in the order they are specified. Note that the 'id'\n" " property must be set. These objects are placed in the\n" " '/objects' path.\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) STEXI @item -object @var{typename}[,@var{prop1}=@var{value1},...] @findex -object Create a new object of type @var{typename} setting properties in the order they are specified. Note that the 'id' property must be set. These objects are placed in the '/objects' path. @table @option @item -object memory-backend-file,id=@var{id},size=@var{size},mem-path=@var{dir},share=@var{on|off},discard-data=@var{on|off},merge=@var{on|off},dump=@var{on|off},prealloc=@var{on|off},host-nodes=@var{host-nodes},policy=@var{default|preferred|bind|interleave},align=@var{align} Creates a memory file backend object, which can be used to back the guest RAM with huge pages. The @option{id} parameter is a unique ID that will be used to reference this memory region when configuring the @option{-numa} argument. The @option{size} option provides the size of the memory region, and accepts common suffixes, eg @option{500M}. The @option{mem-path} provides the path to either a shared memory or huge page filesystem mount. The @option{share} boolean option determines whether the memory region is marked as private to QEMU, or shared. The latter allows a co-operating external process to access the QEMU memory region. The @option{share} is also required for pvrdma devices due to limitations in the RDMA API provided by Linux. Setting share=on might affect the ability to configure NUMA bindings for the memory backend under some circumstances, see Documentation/vm/numa_memory_policy.txt on the Linux kernel source tree for additional details. Setting the @option{discard-data} boolean option to @var{on} indicates that file contents can be destroyed when QEMU exits, to avoid unnecessarily flushing data to the backing file. Note that @option{discard-data} is only an optimization, and QEMU might not discard file contents if it aborts unexpectedly or is terminated using SIGKILL. The @option{merge} boolean option enables memory merge, also known as MADV_MERGEABLE, so that Kernel Samepage Merging will consider the pages for memory deduplication. Setting the @option{dump} boolean option to @var{off} excludes the memory from core dumps. This feature is also known as MADV_DONTDUMP. The @option{prealloc} boolean option enables memory preallocation. The @option{host-nodes} option binds the memory range to a list of NUMA host nodes. The @option{policy} option sets the NUMA policy to one of the following values: @table @option @item @var{default} default host policy @item @var{preferred} prefer the given host node list for allocation @item @var{bind} restrict memory allocation to the given host node list @item @var{interleave} interleave memory allocations across the given host node list @end table The @option{align} option specifies the base address alignment when QEMU mmap(2) @option{mem-path}, and accepts common suffixes, eg @option{2M}. Some backend store specified by @option{mem-path} requires an alignment different than the default one used by QEMU, eg the device DAX /dev/dax0.0 requires 2M alignment rather than 4K. In such cases, users can specify the required alignment via this option. The @option{pmem} option specifies whether the backing file specified by @option{mem-path} is in host persistent memory that can be accessed using the SNIA NVM programming model (e.g. Intel NVDIMM). If @option{pmem} is set to 'on', QEMU will take necessary operations to guarantee the persistence of its own writes to @option{mem-path} (e.g. in vNVDIMM label emulation and live migration). @item -object memory-backend-ram,id=@var{id},merge=@var{on|off},dump=@var{on|off},share=@var{on|off},prealloc=@var{on|off},size=@var{size},host-nodes=@var{host-nodes},policy=@var{default|preferred|bind|interleave} Creates a memory backend object, which can be used to back the guest RAM. Memory backend objects offer more control than the @option{-m} option that is traditionally used to define guest RAM. Please refer to @option{memory-backend-file} for a description of the options. @item -object memory-backend-memfd,id=@var{id},merge=@var{on|off},dump=@var{on|off},share=@var{on|off},prealloc=@var{on|off},size=@var{size},host-nodes=@var{host-nodes},policy=@var{default|preferred|bind|interleave},seal=@var{on|off},hugetlb=@var{on|off},hugetlbsize=@var{size} Creates an anonymous memory file backend object, which allows QEMU to share the memory with an external process (e.g. when using vhost-user). The memory is allocated with memfd and optional sealing. (Linux only) The @option{seal} option creates a sealed-file, that will block further resizing the memory ('on' by default). The @option{hugetlb} option specify the file to be created resides in the hugetlbfs filesystem (since Linux 4.14). Used in conjunction with the @option{hugetlb} option, the @option{hugetlbsize} option specify the hugetlb page size on systems that support multiple hugetlb page sizes (it must be a power of 2 value supported by the system). In some versions of Linux, the @option{hugetlb} option is incompatible with the @option{seal} option (requires at least Linux 4.16). Please refer to @option{memory-backend-file} for a description of the other options. The @option{share} boolean option is @var{on} by default with memfd. @item -object rng-random,id=@var{id},filename=@var{/dev/random} Creates a random number generator backend which obtains entropy from a device on the host. The @option{id} parameter is a unique ID that will be used to reference this entropy backend from the @option{virtio-rng} device. The @option{filename} parameter specifies which file to obtain entropy from and if omitted defaults to @option{/dev/random}. @item -object rng-egd,id=@var{id},chardev=@var{chardevid} Creates a random number generator backend which obtains entropy from an external daemon running on the host. The @option{id} parameter is a unique ID that will be used to reference this entropy backend from the @option{virtio-rng} device. The @option{chardev} parameter is the unique ID of a character device backend that provides the connection to the RNG daemon. @item -object tls-creds-anon,id=@var{id},endpoint=@var{endpoint},dir=@var{/path/to/cred/dir},verify-peer=@var{on|off} Creates a TLS anonymous credentials object, which can be used to provide TLS support on network backends. The @option{id} parameter is a unique ID which network backends will use to access the credentials. The @option{endpoint} is either @option{server} or @option{client} depending on whether the QEMU network backend that uses the credentials will be acting as a client or as a server. If @option{verify-peer} is enabled (the default) then once the handshake is completed, the peer credentials will be verified, though this is a no-op for anonymous credentials. The @var{dir} parameter tells QEMU where to find the credential files. For server endpoints, this directory may contain a file @var{dh-params.pem} providing diffie-hellman parameters to use for the TLS server. If the file is missing, QEMU will generate a set of DH parameters at startup. This is a computationally expensive operation that consumes random pool entropy, so it is recommended that a persistent set of parameters be generated upfront and saved. @item -object tls-creds-psk,id=@var{id},endpoint=@var{endpoint},dir=@var{/path/to/keys/dir}[,username=@var{username}] Creates a TLS Pre-Shared Keys (PSK) credentials object, which can be used to provide TLS support on network backends. The @option{id} parameter is a unique ID which network backends will use to access the credentials. The @option{endpoint} is either @option{server} or @option{client} depending on whether the QEMU network backend that uses the credentials will be acting as a client or as a server. For clients only, @option{username} is the username which will be sent to the server. If omitted it defaults to ``qemu''. The @var{dir} parameter tells QEMU where to find the keys file. It is called ``@var{dir}/keys.psk'' and contains ``username:key'' pairs. This file can most easily be created using the GnuTLS @code{psktool} program. For server endpoints, @var{dir} may also contain a file @var{dh-params.pem} providing diffie-hellman parameters to use for the TLS server. If the file is missing, QEMU will generate a set of DH parameters at startup. This is a computationally expensive operation that consumes random pool entropy, so it is recommended that a persistent set of parameters be generated up front and saved. @item -object tls-creds-x509,id=@var{id},endpoint=@var{endpoint},dir=@var{/path/to/cred/dir},priority=@var{priority},verify-peer=@var{on|off},passwordid=@var{id} Creates a TLS anonymous credentials object, which can be used to provide TLS support on network backends. The @option{id} parameter is a unique ID which network backends will use to access the credentials. The @option{endpoint} is either @option{server} or @option{client} depending on whether the QEMU network backend that uses the credentials will be acting as a client or as a server. If @option{verify-peer} is enabled (the default) then once the handshake is completed, the peer credentials will be verified. With x509 certificates, this implies that the clients must be provided with valid client certificates too. The @var{dir} parameter tells QEMU where to find the credential files. For server endpoints, this directory may contain a file @var{dh-params.pem} providing diffie-hellman parameters to use for the TLS server. If the file is missing, QEMU will generate a set of DH parameters at startup. This is a computationally expensive operation that consumes random pool entropy, so it is recommended that a persistent set of parameters be generated upfront and saved. For x509 certificate credentials the directory will contain further files providing the x509 certificates. The certificates must be stored in PEM format, in filenames @var{ca-cert.pem}, @var{ca-crl.pem} (optional), @var{server-cert.pem} (only servers), @var{server-key.pem} (only servers), @var{client-cert.pem} (only clients), and @var{client-key.pem} (only clients). For the @var{server-key.pem} and @var{client-key.pem} files which contain sensitive private keys, it is possible to use an encrypted version by providing the @var{passwordid} parameter. This provides the ID of a previously created @code{secret} object containing the password for decryption. The @var{priority} parameter allows to override the global default priority used by gnutls. This can be useful if the system administrator needs to use a weaker set of crypto priorities for QEMU without potentially forcing the weakness onto all applications. Or conversely if one wants wants a stronger default for QEMU than for all other applications, they can do this through this parameter. Its format is a gnutls priority string as described at @url{https://gnutls.org/manual/html_node/Priority-Strings.html}. @item -object filter-buffer,id=@var{id},netdev=@var{netdevid},interval=@var{t}[,queue=@var{all|rx|tx}][,status=@var{on|off}] Interval @var{t} can't be 0, this filter batches the packet delivery: all packets arriving in a given interval on netdev @var{netdevid} are delayed until the end of the interval. Interval is in microseconds. @option{status} is optional that indicate whether the netfilter is on (enabled) or off (disabled), the default status for netfilter will be 'on'. queue @var{all|rx|tx} is an option that can be applied to any netfilter. @option{all}: the filter is attached both to the receive and the transmit queue of the netdev (default). @option{rx}: the filter is attached to the receive queue of the netdev, where it will receive packets sent to the netdev. @option{tx}: the filter is attached to the transmit queue of the netdev, where it will receive packets sent by the netdev. @item -object filter-mirror,id=@var{id},netdev=@var{netdevid},outdev=@var{chardevid},queue=@var{all|rx|tx}[,vnet_hdr_support] filter-mirror on netdev @var{netdevid},mirror net packet to chardev@var{chardevid}, if it has the vnet_hdr_support flag, filter-mirror will mirror packet with vnet_hdr_len. @item -object filter-redirector,id=@var{id},netdev=@var{netdevid},indev=@var{chardevid},outdev=@var{chardevid},queue=@var{all|rx|tx}[,vnet_hdr_support] filter-redirector on netdev @var{netdevid},redirect filter's net packet to chardev @var{chardevid},and redirect indev's packet to filter.if it has the vnet_hdr_support flag, filter-redirector will redirect packet with vnet_hdr_len. Create a filter-redirector we need to differ outdev id from indev id, id can not be the same. we can just use indev or outdev, but at least one of indev or outdev need to be specified. @item -object filter-rewriter,id=@var{id},netdev=@var{netdevid},queue=@var{all|rx|tx},[vnet_hdr_support] Filter-rewriter is a part of COLO project.It will rewrite tcp packet to secondary from primary to keep secondary tcp connection,and rewrite tcp packet to primary from secondary make tcp packet can be handled by client.if it has the vnet_hdr_support flag, we can parse packet with vnet header. usage: colo secondary: -object filter-redirector,id=f1,netdev=hn0,queue=tx,indev=red0 -object filter-redirector,id=f2,netdev=hn0,queue=rx,outdev=red1 -object filter-rewriter,id=rew0,netdev=hn0,queue=all @item -object filter-dump,id=@var{id},netdev=@var{dev}[,file=@var{filename}][,maxlen=@var{len}] Dump the network traffic on netdev @var{dev} to the file specified by @var{filename}. At most @var{len} bytes (64k by default) per packet are stored. The file format is libpcap, so it can be analyzed with tools such as tcpdump or Wireshark. @item -object colo-compare,id=@var{id},primary_in=@var{chardevid},secondary_in=@var{chardevid},outdev=@var{chardevid}[,vnet_hdr_support] Colo-compare gets packet from primary_in@var{chardevid} and secondary_in@var{chardevid}, than compare primary packet with secondary packet. If the packets are same, we will output primary packet to outdev@var{chardevid}, else we will notify colo-frame do checkpoint and send primary packet to outdev@var{chardevid}. if it has the vnet_hdr_support flag, colo compare will send/recv packet with vnet_hdr_len. we must use it with the help of filter-mirror and filter-redirector. @example primary: -netdev tap,id=hn0,vhost=off,script=/etc/qemu-ifup,downscript=/etc/qemu-ifdown -device e1000,id=e0,netdev=hn0,mac=52:a4:00:12:78:66 -chardev socket,id=mirror0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9003,server,nowait -chardev socket,id=compare1,host=3.3.3.3,port=9004,server,nowait -chardev socket,id=compare0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9001,server,nowait -chardev socket,id=compare0-0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9001 -chardev socket,id=compare_out,host=3.3.3.3,port=9005,server,nowait -chardev socket,id=compare_out0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9005 -object filter-mirror,id=m0,netdev=hn0,queue=tx,outdev=mirror0 -object filter-redirector,netdev=hn0,id=redire0,queue=rx,indev=compare_out -object filter-redirector,netdev=hn0,id=redire1,queue=rx,outdev=compare0 -object colo-compare,id=comp0,primary_in=compare0-0,secondary_in=compare1,outdev=compare_out0 secondary: -netdev tap,id=hn0,vhost=off,script=/etc/qemu-ifup,down script=/etc/qemu-ifdown -device e1000,netdev=hn0,mac=52:a4:00:12:78:66 -chardev socket,id=red0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9003 -chardev socket,id=red1,host=3.3.3.3,port=9004 -object filter-redirector,id=f1,netdev=hn0,queue=tx,indev=red0 -object filter-redirector,id=f2,netdev=hn0,queue=rx,outdev=red1 @end example If you want to know the detail of above command line, you can read the colo-compare git log. @item -object cryptodev-backend-builtin,id=@var{id}[,queues=@var{queues}] Creates a cryptodev backend which executes crypto opreation from the QEMU cipher APIS. The @var{id} parameter is a unique ID that will be used to reference this cryptodev backend from the @option{virtio-crypto} device. The @var{queues} parameter is optional, which specify the queue number of cryptodev backend, the default of @var{queues} is 1. @example # qemu-system-x86_64 \ [...] \ -object cryptodev-backend-builtin,id=cryptodev0 \ -device virtio-crypto-pci,id=crypto0,cryptodev=cryptodev0 \ [...] @end example @item -object cryptodev-vhost-user,id=@var{id},chardev=@var{chardevid}[,queues=@var{queues}] Creates a vhost-user cryptodev backend, backed by a chardev @var{chardevid}. The @var{id} parameter is a unique ID that will be used to reference this cryptodev backend from the @option{virtio-crypto} device. The chardev should be a unix domain socket backed one. The vhost-user uses a specifically defined protocol to pass vhost ioctl replacement messages to an application on the other end of the socket. The @var{queues} parameter is optional, which specify the queue number of cryptodev backend for multiqueue vhost-user, the default of @var{queues} is 1. @example # qemu-system-x86_64 \ [...] \ -chardev socket,id=chardev0,path=/path/to/socket \ -object cryptodev-vhost-user,id=cryptodev0,chardev=chardev0 \ -device virtio-crypto-pci,id=crypto0,cryptodev=cryptodev0 \ [...] @end example @item -object secret,id=@var{id},data=@var{string},format=@var{raw|base64}[,keyid=@var{secretid},iv=@var{string}] @item -object secret,id=@var{id},file=@var{filename},format=@var{raw|base64}[,keyid=@var{secretid},iv=@var{string}] Defines a secret to store a password, encryption key, or some other sensitive data. The sensitive data can either be passed directly via the @var{data} parameter, or indirectly via the @var{file} parameter. Using the @var{data} parameter is insecure unless the sensitive data is encrypted. The sensitive data can be provided in raw format (the default), or base64. When encoded as JSON, the raw format only supports valid UTF-8 characters, so base64 is recommended for sending binary data. QEMU will convert from which ever format is provided to the format it needs internally. eg, an RBD password can be provided in raw format, even though it will be base64 encoded when passed onto the RBD sever. For added protection, it is possible to encrypt the data associated with a secret using the AES-256-CBC cipher. Use of encryption is indicated by providing the @var{keyid} and @var{iv} parameters. The @var{keyid} parameter provides the ID of a previously defined secret that contains the AES-256 decryption key. This key should be 32-bytes long and be base64 encoded. The @var{iv} parameter provides the random initialization vector used for encryption of this particular secret and should be a base64 encrypted string of the 16-byte IV. The simplest (insecure) usage is to provide the secret inline @example # $QEMU -object secret,id=sec0,data=letmein,format=raw @end example The simplest secure usage is to provide the secret via a file # printf "letmein" > mypasswd.txt # $QEMU -object secret,id=sec0,file=mypasswd.txt,format=raw For greater security, AES-256-CBC should be used. To illustrate usage, consider the openssl command line tool which can encrypt the data. Note that when encrypting, the plaintext must be padded to the cipher block size (32 bytes) using the standard PKCS#5/6 compatible padding algorithm. First a master key needs to be created in base64 encoding: @example # openssl rand -base64 32 > key.b64 # KEY=$(base64 -d key.b64 | hexdump -v -e '/1 "%02X"') @end example Each secret to be encrypted needs to have a random initialization vector generated. These do not need to be kept secret @example # openssl rand -base64 16 > iv.b64 # IV=$(base64 -d iv.b64 | hexdump -v -e '/1 "%02X"') @end example The secret to be defined can now be encrypted, in this case we're telling openssl to base64 encode the result, but it could be left as raw bytes if desired. @example # SECRET=$(printf "letmein" | openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -a -K $KEY -iv $IV) @end example When launching QEMU, create a master secret pointing to @code{key.b64} and specify that to be used to decrypt the user password. Pass the contents of @code{iv.b64} to the second secret @example # $QEMU \ -object secret,id=secmaster0,format=base64,file=key.b64 \ -object secret,id=sec0,keyid=secmaster0,format=base64,\ data=$SECRET,iv=$(<iv.b64) @end example @item -object sev-guest,id=@var{id},cbitpos=@var{cbitpos},reduced-phys-bits=@var{val},[sev-device=@var{string},policy=@var{policy},handle=@var{handle},dh-cert-file=@var{file},session-file=@var{file}] Create a Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) guest object, which can be used to provide the guest memory encryption support on AMD processors. When memory encryption is enabled, one of the physical address bit (aka the C-bit) is utilized to mark if a memory page is protected. The @option{cbitpos} is used to provide the C-bit position. The C-bit position is Host family dependent hence user must provide this value. On EPYC, the value should be 47. When memory encryption is enabled, we loose certain bits in physical address space. The @option{reduced-phys-bits} is used to provide the number of bits we loose in physical address space. Similar to C-bit, the value is Host family dependent. On EPYC, the value should be 5. The @option{sev-device} provides the device file to use for communicating with the SEV firmware running inside AMD Secure Processor. The default device is '/dev/sev'. If hardware supports memory encryption then /dev/sev devices are created by CCP driver. The @option{policy} provides the guest policy to be enforced by the SEV firmware and restrict what configuration and operational commands can be performed on this guest by the hypervisor. The policy should be provided by the guest owner and is bound to the guest and cannot be changed throughout the lifetime of the guest. The default is 0. If guest @option{policy} allows sharing the key with another SEV guest then @option{handle} can be use to provide handle of the guest from which to share the key. The @option{dh-cert-file} and @option{session-file} provides the guest owner's Public Diffie-Hillman key defined in SEV spec. The PDH and session parameters are used for establishing a cryptographic session with the guest owner to negotiate keys used for attestation. The file must be encoded in base64. e.g to launch a SEV guest @example # $QEMU \ ...... -object sev-guest,id=sev0,cbitpos=47,reduced-phys-bits=5 \ -machine ...,memory-encryption=sev0 ..... @end example @end table ETEXI HXCOMM This is the last statement. Insert new options before this line! STEXI @end table ETEXI