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#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Tool to manipulate QED image files
#
# Copyright (C) 2010 IBM, Corp.
#
# Authors:
# Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
#
# This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
# See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
import sys
import struct
import random
import optparse
# This can be used as a module
__all__ = ['QED_F_NEED_CHECK', 'QED']
QED_F_NEED_CHECK = 0x02
header_fmt = '<IIIIQQQQQII'
header_size = struct.calcsize(header_fmt)
field_names = ['magic', 'cluster_size', 'table_size',
'header_size', 'features', 'compat_features',
'autoclear_features', 'l1_table_offset', 'image_size',
'backing_filename_offset', 'backing_filename_size']
table_elem_fmt = '<Q'
table_elem_size = struct.calcsize(table_elem_fmt)
def err(msg):
sys.stderr.write(msg + '\n')
sys.exit(1)
def unpack_header(s):
fields = struct.unpack(header_fmt, s)
return dict((field_names[idx], val) for idx, val in enumerate(fields))
def pack_header(header):
fields = tuple(header[x] for x in field_names)
return struct.pack(header_fmt, *fields)
def unpack_table_elem(s):
return struct.unpack(table_elem_fmt, s)[0]
def pack_table_elem(elem):
return struct.pack(table_elem_fmt, elem)
class QED(object):
def __init__(self, f):
self.f = f
self.f.seek(0, 2)
self.filesize = f.tell()
self.load_header()
self.load_l1_table()
def raw_pread(self, offset, size):
self.f.seek(offset)
return self.f.read(size)
def raw_pwrite(self, offset, data):
self.f.seek(offset)
return self.f.write(data)
def load_header(self):
self.header = unpack_header(self.raw_pread(0, header_size))
def store_header(self):
self.raw_pwrite(0, pack_header(self.header))
def read_table(self, offset):
size = self.header['table_size'] * self.header['cluster_size']
s = self.raw_pread(offset, size)
table = [unpack_table_elem(s[i:i + table_elem_size]) for i in xrange(0, size, table_elem_size)]
return table
def load_l1_table(self):
self.l1_table = self.read_table(self.header['l1_table_offset'])
self.table_nelems = self.header['table_size'] * self.header['cluster_size'] / table_elem_size
def write_table(self, offset, table):
s = ''.join(pack_table_elem(x) for x in table)
self.raw_pwrite(offset, s)
def random_table_item(table):
vals = [(index, offset) for index, offset in enumerate(table) if offset != 0]
if not vals:
err('cannot pick random item because table is empty')
return random.choice(vals)
def corrupt_table_duplicate(table):
'''Corrupt a table by introducing a duplicate offset'''
victim_idx, victim_val = random_table_item(table)
unique_vals = set(table)
if len(unique_vals) == 1:
err('no duplication corruption possible in table')
dup_val = random.choice(list(unique_vals.difference([victim_val])))
table[victim_idx] = dup_val
def corrupt_table_invalidate(qed, table):
'''Corrupt a table by introducing an invalid offset'''
index, _ = random_table_item(table)
table[index] = qed.filesize + random.randint(0, 100 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)
def cmd_show(qed, *args):
'''show [header|l1|l2 <offset>]- Show header or l1/l2 tables'''
if not args or args[0] == 'header':
print qed.header
elif args[0] == 'l1':
print qed.l1_table
elif len(args) == 2 and args[0] == 'l2':
offset = int(args[1])
print qed.read_table(offset)
else:
err('unrecognized sub-command')
def cmd_duplicate(qed, table_level):
'''duplicate l1|l2 - Duplicate a random table element'''
if table_level == 'l1':
offset = qed.header['l1_table_offset']
table = qed.l1_table
elif table_level == 'l2':
_, offset = random_table_item(qed.l1_table)
table = qed.read_table(offset)
else:
err('unrecognized sub-command')
corrupt_table_duplicate(table)
qed.write_table(offset, table)
def cmd_invalidate(qed, table_level):
'''invalidate l1|l2 - Plant an invalid table element at random'''
if table_level == 'l1':
offset = qed.header['l1_table_offset']
table = qed.l1_table
elif table_level == 'l2':
_, offset = random_table_item(qed.l1_table)
table = qed.read_table(offset)
else:
err('unrecognized sub-command')
corrupt_table_invalidate(qed, table)
qed.write_table(offset, table)
def cmd_need_check(qed, *args):
'''need-check [on|off] - Test, set, or clear the QED_F_NEED_CHECK header bit'''
if not args:
print bool(qed.header['features'] & QED_F_NEED_CHECK)
return
if args[0] == 'on':
qed.header['features'] |= QED_F_NEED_CHECK
elif args[0] == 'off':
qed.header['features'] &= ~QED_F_NEED_CHECK
else:
err('unrecognized sub-command')
qed.store_header()
def cmd_zero_cluster(qed, pos, *args):
'''zero-cluster <pos> [<n>] - Zero data clusters'''
pos, n = int(pos), 1
if args:
if len(args) != 1:
err('expected one argument')
n = int(args[0])
for i in xrange(n):
l1_index = pos / qed.header['cluster_size'] / len(qed.l1_table)
if qed.l1_table[l1_index] == 0:
err('no l2 table allocated')
l2_offset = qed.l1_table[l1_index]
l2_table = qed.read_table(l2_offset)
l2_index = (pos / qed.header['cluster_size']) % len(qed.l1_table)
l2_table[l2_index] = 1 # zero the data cluster
qed.write_table(l2_offset, l2_table)
pos += qed.header['cluster_size']
def cmd_copy_metadata(qed, outfile):
'''copy-metadata <outfile> - Copy metadata only (for scrubbing corrupted images)'''
out = open(outfile, 'wb')
# Match file size
out.seek(qed.filesize - 1)
out.write('\0')
# Copy header clusters
out.seek(0)
header_size_bytes = qed.header['header_size'] * qed.header['cluster_size']
out.write(qed.raw_pread(0, header_size_bytes))
# Copy L1 table
out.seek(qed.header['l1_table_offset'])
s = ''.join(pack_table_elem(x) for x in qed.l1_table)
out.write(s)
# Copy L2 tables
for l2_offset in qed.l1_table:
if l2_offset == 0:
continue
l2_table = qed.read_table(l2_offset)
out.seek(l2_offset)
s = ''.join(pack_table_elem(x) for x in l2_table)
out.write(s)
out.close()
def usage():
print 'Usage: %s <file> <cmd> [<arg>, ...]' % sys.argv[0]
print
print 'Supported commands:'
for cmd in sorted(x for x in globals() if x.startswith('cmd_')):
print globals()[cmd].__doc__
sys.exit(1)
def main():
if len(sys.argv) < 3:
usage()
filename, cmd = sys.argv[1:3]
cmd = 'cmd_' + cmd.replace('-', '_')
if cmd not in globals():
usage()
qed = QED(open(filename, 'r+b'))
try:
globals()[cmd](qed, *sys.argv[3:])
except TypeError as e:
sys.stderr.write(globals()[cmd].__doc__ + '\n')
sys.exit(1)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
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