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This is how I generally use qemu for debugging:
sudo qemu-system-x86_64 -L . -serial pty -serial pty -monitor stdio \
-drive file=/dev/local/virt-ovmf,if=ide,id=drive-ide0-0-0 \
-nographic -S
This command:
Creates two serial ports: one for the OVMF debug output, and one for a usable serial console
Uses a LVM block device, /dev/local/virt-ovmf as the local storage
Disables graphic output
Starts the qemu monitor prompt on stdio
Tells qemu not to start the machine right away.
I then:
start two screen sessions on the PTYs that qemu prints
start it by typing c at the monitor prompt
During boot, I get the OVMF debug output on the first screen session, and once the machine is booted, I get a login prompt on the second screen session. For this to work, you'll need to configure init to create a getty session on the serial ports. To do this from within your virtual machine:
cd /etc/init/
sed s/tty1/ttyS0 < tty1.conf | sudo dd of=ttyS0.conf
sed s/tty1/ttyS1 < tty1.conf | sudo dd of=ttyS1.conf
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