/*
* fs/direct-io.c
*
* Copyright (C) 2002, Linus Torvalds.
*
* O_DIRECT
*
* 04Jul2002 Andrew Morton
* Initial version
* 11Sep2002 janetinc@us.ibm.com
* added readv/writev support.
* 29Oct2002 Andrew Morton
* rewrote bio_add_page() support.
* 30Oct2002 pbadari@us.ibm.com
* added support for non-aligned IO.
* 06Nov2002 pbadari@us.ibm.com
* added asynchronous IO support.
* 21Jul2003 nathans@sgi.com
* added IO completion notifier.
*/
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>
#include <linux/bio.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
#include <linux/rwsem.h>
#include <linux/uio.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <linux/prefetch.h>
/*
* How many user pages to map in one call to get_user_pages(). This determines
* the size of a structure in the slab cache
*/
#define DIO_PAGES 64
/*
* This code generally works in units of "dio_blocks". A dio_block is
* somewhere between the hard sector size and the filesystem block size. it
* is determined on a per-invocation basis. When talking to the filesystem
* we need to convert dio_blocks to fs_blocks by scaling the dio_block quantity
* down by dio->blkfactor. Similarly, fs-blocksize quantities are converted
* to bio_block quantities by shifting left by blkfactor.
*
* If blkfactor is zero then the user's request was aligned to the filesystem's
* blocksize.
*/
/* dio_state only used in the submission path */
struct dio_submit {
struct bio *bio; /* bio under assembly */
unsigned blkbits; /* doesn't change */
unsigned blkfactor; /* When we're using an alignment which
is finer than the filesystem's soft
blocksize, this specifies how much
finer. blkfactor=2 means 1/4-block
alignment. Does not change */
unsigned start_zero_done; /* flag: sub-blocksize zeroing has
been performed at the start of a
write */
int pages_in_io; /* approximate total IO pages */
sector_t block_in_file; /* Current offset into the underlying
file in dio_block units. */
unsigned blocks_available; /* At block_in_file. changes */
int reap_counter; /* rate limit reaping */
sector_t final_block_in_request;/* doesn't change */
int boundary; /* prev block is at a boundary */
get_block_t *get_block; /* block mapping function */
dio_submit_t *submit_io; /* IO submition function */
loff_t logical_offset_in_bio; /* current first logical block in bio */
sector_t final_block_in_bio; /* current final block in bio + 1 */
sector_t next_block_for_io; /* next block to be put under IO,
in dio_blocks units */
/*
* Deferred addition of a page to the dio. These variables are
* private to dio_send_cur_page(), submit_page_section() and
* dio_bio_add_page().
*/
struct page *cur_page; /* The page */
unsigned cur_page_offset; /* Offset into it, in bytes */
unsigned cur_page_len; /* Nr of bytes at cur_page_offset */
sector_t cur_page_block; /* Where it starts */
loff_t cur_page_fs_offset; /* Offset in file */
struct iov_iter *iter;
/*
* Page queue. These variables belong to dio_refill_pages() and
* dio_get_page().
*/
unsigned head; /* next page to process */
unsigned tail; /* last valid page + 1 */
size_t from, to;
};
/* dio_state communicated between submission path and end_io */
struct dio {
int flags; /* doesn't change */
int rw;
struct inode *inode;
loff_t i_size; /* i_size when submitted */
dio_iodone_t *end_io; /* IO completion function */
void *private; /* copy from map_bh.b_private */
/* BIO completion state */
spinlock_t bio_lock; /* protects BIO fields below */
int page_errors; /* errno from get_user_pages() */
int is_async; /* is IO async ? */
bool defer_completion; /* defer AIO completion to workqueue? */
int io_error; /* IO error in completion path */
unsigned long refcount; /* direct_io_worker() and bios */
struct bio *bio_list; /* singly linked via bi_private */
struct task_struct *waiter; /* waiting task (NULL if none) */
/* AIO related stuff */
struct kiocb *iocb; /* kiocb */
ssize_t result; /* IO result */
/*
* pages[] (and any fields placed after it) are not zeroed out at
* allocation time. Don't add new fields after pages[] unless you
* wish that they not be zeroed.
*/
union {
struct page *pages[DIO_PAGES]; /* page buffer */
struct work_struct complete_work;/* deferred AIO completion */
};
} ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
static struct kmem_cache *dio_cache __read_mostly;
/*
* How many pages are in the queue?
*/
static inline unsigned dio_pages_present(struct dio_submit *sdio)
{
return sdio->tail - sdio->head;
}
/*
* Go grab and pin some userspace pages. Typically we'll get 64 at a time.
*/
static inline int dio_refill_pages(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio)
{
ssize_t ret;
ret = iov_iter_get_pages(sdio->iter, dio->pages, LONG_MAX, DIO_PAGES,
&sdio->from);
if (ret < 0 && sdio->blocks_available && (dio->rw & WRITE)) {
struct page *page = ZERO_PAGE(0);
/*
* A memory fault, but the filesystem has some outstanding
* mapped blocks. We need to use those blocks up to avoid
* leaking stale data in the file.
*/
if (dio->page_errors == 0)
dio->page_errors = ret;
page_cache_get(page);
dio->pages[0] = page;
sdio->head = 0;
sdio->tail = 1;
sdio->from = 0;
sdio->to = PAGE_SIZE;
return 0;
}
if (ret >= 0) {
iov_iter_advance(sdio->iter, ret);
ret += sdio->from;
sdio->head = 0;
sdio->tail = (ret + PAGE_SIZE - 1) / PAGE_SIZE;
sdio->to = ((ret - 1) & (PAGE_SIZE - 1)) + 1;
return 0;
}
return ret;
}
/*
* Get another userspace page. Returns an ERR_PTR on error. Pages are
* buffered inside the dio so that we can call get_user_pages() against a
* decent number of pages, less frequently. To provide nicer use of the
* L1 cache.
*/
static inline struct page *dio_get_page(struct dio *dio,
struct dio_submit *sdio)
{
if (dio_pages_present(sdio) == 0) {
int ret;
ret = dio_refill_pages(dio, sdio);
if (ret)
return ERR_PTR(ret);
BUG_ON(dio_pages_present(sdio) == 0);
}
return dio->pages[sdio->head];
}
/**
* dio_complete() - called when all DIO BIO I/O has been completed
* @offset: the byte offset in the file of the completed operation
*
* This drops i_dio_count, lets interested parties know that a DIO operation
* has completed, and calculates the resulting return code for the operation.
*
* It lets the filesystem know if it registered an interest earlier via
* get_block. Pass the private field of the map buffer_head so that
* filesystems can use it to hold additional state between get_block calls and
* dio_complete.
*/
static ssize_t dio_complete(struct dio *dio, loff_t offset, ssize_t ret,
bool is_async)
{
ssize_t transferred = 0;
/*
* AIO submission can race with bio completion to get here while
* expecting to have the last io completed by bio completion.
* In that case -EIOCBQUEUED is in fact not an error we want
* to preserve through this call.
*/
if (ret == -EIOCBQUEUED)
ret = 0;
if (dio->result) {
transferred = dio->result;
/* Check for short read case */
if ((dio->rw == READ) && ((offset + transferred) > dio->i_size))
transferred = dio->i_size - offset;
}
if (ret == 0)
ret = dio->page_errors;
if (ret == 0)
ret = dio->io_error;
if (ret == 0)
ret = transferred;
if (dio->end_io && dio->result)
dio->end_io(dio->iocb, offset, transferred, dio->private);
if (!(dio->flags & DIO_SKIP_DIO_COUNT))
inode_dio_end(dio->inode);
if (is_async) {
if (dio->rw & WRITE) {
int err;
err = generic_write_sync(dio->iocb->ki_filp, offset,
transferred);
if (err < 0 && ret > 0)
ret = err;
}
dio->iocb->ki_complete(dio->iocb, ret, 0);
}
kmem_cache_free(dio_cache, dio);
return ret;
}
static void dio_aio_complete_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
struct dio *dio = container_of(work, struct dio, complete_work);
dio_complete(dio, dio->iocb->ki_pos, 0, true);
}
static int dio_bio_complete(struct dio *dio, struct bio *bio);
/*
* Asynchronous IO callback.
*/
static void dio_bio_end_aio(struct bio *bio, int error)
{
struct dio *dio = bio->bi_private;
unsigned long remaining;
unsigned long flags;
/* cleanup the bio */
dio_bio_complete(dio, bio);
spin_lock_irqsave(&dio->bio_lock, flags);
remaining = --dio->refcount;
if (remaining == 1 && dio->waiter)
wake_up_process(dio->waiter);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dio->bio_lock, flags);
if (remaining == 0) {
if (dio->result && dio->defer_completion) {
INIT_WORK(&dio->complete_work, dio_aio_complete_work);
queue_work(dio->inode->i_sb->s_dio_done_wq,
&dio->complete_work);
} else {
dio_complete(dio, dio->iocb->ki_pos, 0, true);
}
}
}
/*
* The BIO completion handler simply queues the BIO up for the process-context
* handler.
*
* During I/O bi_private points at the dio. After I/O, bi_private is used to
* implement a singly-linked list of completed BIOs, at dio->bio_list.
*/
static void dio_bio_end_io(struct bio *bio, int error)
{
struct dio *dio = bio->bi_private;
unsigned long flags;
spin_lock_irqsave(&dio->bio_lock, flags);
bio->bi_private = dio->bio_list;
dio->bio_list = bio;
if (--dio->refcount == 1 && dio->waiter)
wake_up_process(dio->waiter);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dio->bio_lock, flags);
}
/**
* dio_end_io - handle the end io action for the given bio
* @bio: The direct io bio thats being completed
* @error: Error if there was one
*
* This is meant to be called by any filesystem that uses their own dio_submit_t
* so that the DIO specific endio actions are dealt with after the filesystem
* has done it's completion work.
*/
void dio_end_io(struct bio *bio, int error)
{
struct dio *dio = bio->bi_private;
if (dio->is_async)
dio_bio_end_aio(bio, error);
else
dio_bio_end_io(bio, error);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dio_end_io);
static inline void
dio_bio_alloc(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio,
struct block_device *bdev,
sector_t first_sector, int nr_vecs)
{
struct bio *bio;
/*
* bio_alloc() is guaranteed to return a bio when called with
* __GFP_WAIT and we request a valid number of vectors.
*/
bio = bio_alloc(GFP_KERNEL, nr_vecs);
bio->bi_bdev = bdev;
bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = first_sector;
if (dio->is_async)
bio->bi_end_io = dio_bio_end_aio;
else
bio->bi_end_io = dio_bio_end_io;
sdio->bio = bio;
sdio->logical_offset_in_bio = sdio->cur_page_fs_offset;
}
/*
* In the AIO read case we speculatively dirty the pages before starting IO.
* During IO completion, any of these pages which happen to have been written
* back will be redirtied by bio_check_pages_dirty().
*
* bios hold a dio reference between submit_bio and ->end_io.
*/
static inline void dio_bio_submit(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio)
{
struct bio *bio = sdio->bio;
unsigned long flags;
bio->bi_private = dio;
spin_lock_irqsave(&dio->bio_lock, flags);
dio->refcount++;
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dio->bio_lock, flags);
if (dio->is_async && dio->rw == READ)
bio_set_pages_dirty(bio);
if (sdio->submit_io)
sdio->submit_io(dio->rw, bio, dio->inode,
sdio->logical_offset_in_bio);
else
submit_bio(dio->rw, bio);
sdio->bio = NULL;
sdio->boundary = 0;
sdio->logical_offset_in_bio = 0;
}
/*
* Release any resources in case of a failure
*/
static inline void dio_cleanup(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio)
{
while (sdio->head < sdio->tail)
page_cache_release(dio->pages[sdio->head++]);
}
/*
* Wait for the next BIO to complete. Remove it and return it. NULL is
* returned once all BIOs have been completed. This must only be called once
* all bios have been issued so that dio->refcount can only decrease. This
* requires that that the caller hold a reference on the dio.
*/
static struct bio *dio_await_one(struct dio *dio)
{
unsigned long flags;
struct bio *bio = NULL;
spin_lock_irqsave(&dio->bio_lock, flags);
/*
* Wait as long as the list is empty and there are bios in flight. bio
* completion drops the count, maybe adds to the list, and wakes while
* holding the bio_lock so we don't need set_current_state()'s barrier
* and can call it after testing our condition.
*/
while (dio->refcount > 1 && dio->bio_list == NULL) {
__set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
dio->waiter = current;
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dio->bio_lock, flags);
io_schedule();
/* wake up sets us TASK_RUNNING */
spin_lock_irqsave(&dio->bio_lock, flags);
dio->waiter = NULL;
}
if (dio->bio_list) {
bio = dio->bio_list;
dio->bio_list = bio->bi_private;
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dio->bio_lock, flags);
return bio;
}
/*
* Process one completed BIO. No locks are held.
*/
static int dio_bio_complete(struct dio *dio, struct bio *bio)
{
const int uptodate = test_bit(BIO_UPTODATE, &bio->bi_flags);
struct bio_vec *bvec;
unsigned i;
if (!uptodate)
dio->io_error = -EIO;
if (dio->is_async && dio->rw == READ) {
bio_check_pages_dirty(bio); /* transfers ownership */
} else {
bio_for_each_segment_all(bvec, bio, i) {
struct page *page = bvec->bv_page;
if (dio->rw == READ && !PageCompound(page))
set_page_dirty_lock(page);
page_cache_release(page);
}
bio_put(bio);
}
return uptodate ? 0 : -EIO;
}
/*
* Wait on and process all in-flight BIOs. This must only be called once
* all bios have been issued so that the refcount can only decrease.
* This just waits for all bios to make it through dio_bio_complete. IO
* errors are propagated through dio->io_error and should be propagated via
* dio_complete().
*/
static void dio_await_completion(struct dio *dio)
{
struct bio *bio;
do {
bio = dio_await_one(dio);
if (bio)
dio_bio_complete(dio, bio);
} while (bio);
}
/*
* A really large O_DIRECT read or write can generate a lot of BIOs. So
* to keep the memory consumption sane we periodically reap any completed BIOs
* during the BIO generation phase.
*
* This also helps to limit the peak amount of pinned userspace memory.
*/
static inline int dio_bio_reap(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio)
{
int ret = 0;
if (sdio->reap_counter++ >= 64) {
while (dio->bio_list) {
unsigned long flags;
struct bio *bio;
int ret2;
spin_lock_irqsave(&dio->bio_lock, flags);
bio = dio->bio_list;
dio->bio_list = bio->bi_private;
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dio->bio_lock, flags);
ret2 = dio_bio_complete(dio, bio);
if (ret == 0)
ret = ret2;
}
sdio->reap_counter = 0;
}
return ret;
}
/*
* Create workqueue for deferred direct IO completions. We allocate the
* workqueue when it's first needed. This avoids creating workqueue for
* filesystems that don't need it and also allows us to create the workqueue
* late enough so the we can include s_id in the name of the workqueue.
*/
static int sb_init_dio_done_wq(struct super_block *sb)
{
struct workqueue_struct *old;
struct workqueue_struct *wq = alloc_workqueue("dio/%s",
WQ_MEM_RECLAIM, 0,
sb->s_id);
if (!wq)
return -ENOMEM;
/*
* This has to be atomic as more DIOs can race to create the workqueue
*/
old = cmpxchg(&sb->s_dio_done_wq, NULL, wq);
/* Someone created workqueue before us? Free ours... */
if (old)
destroy_workqueue(wq);
return 0;
}
static int dio_set_defer_completion(struct dio *dio)
{
struct super_block *sb = dio->inode->i_sb;
if (dio->defer_completion)
return 0;
dio->defer_completion = true;
if (!sb->s_dio_done_wq)
return sb_init_dio_done_wq(sb);
return 0;
}
/*
* Call into the fs to map some more disk blocks. We record the current number
* of available blocks at sdio->blocks_available. These are in units of the
* fs blocksize, (1 << inode->i_blkbits).
*
* The fs is allowed to map lots of blocks at once. If it wants to do that,
* it uses the passed inode-relative block number as the file offset, as usual.
*
* get_block() is passed the number of i_blkbits-sized blocks which direct_io
* has remaining to do. The fs should not map more than this number of blocks.
*
* If the fs has mapped a lot of blocks, it should populate bh->b_size to
* indicate how much contiguous disk space has been made available at
* bh->b_blocknr.
*
* If *any* of the mapped blocks are new, then the fs must set buffer_new().
* This isn't very efficient...
*
* In the case of filesystem holes: the fs may return an arbitrarily-large
* hole by returning an appropriate value in b_size and by clearing
* buffer_mapped(). However the direct-io code will only process holes one
* block at a time - it will repeatedly call get_block() as it walks the hole.
*/
static int get_more_blocks(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio,
struct buffer_head *map_bh)
{
int ret;
sector_t fs_startblk; /* Into file, in filesystem-sized blocks */
sector_t fs_endblk; /* Into file, in filesystem-sized blocks */
unsigned long fs_count; /* Number of filesystem-sized blocks */
int create;
unsigned int i_blkbits = sdio->blkbits + sdio->blkfactor;
/*
* If there was a memory error and we've overwritten all the
* mapped blocks then we can now return that memory error
*/
ret = dio->page_errors;
if (ret == 0) {
BUG_ON(sdio->block_in_file >= sdio->final_block_in_request);
fs_startblk = sdio->block_in_file >> sdio->blkfactor;
fs_endblk = (sdio->final_block_in_request - 1) >>
sdio->blkfactor;
fs_count = fs_endblk - fs_startblk + 1;
map_bh->b_state = 0;
map_bh->b_size = fs_count << i_blkbits;
/*
* For writes inside i_size on a DIO_SKIP_HOLES filesystem we
* forbid block creations: only overwrites are permitted.
* We will return early to the caller once we see an
* unmapped buffer head returned, and the caller will fall
* back to buffered I/O.
*
* Otherwise the decision is left to the get_blocks method,
* which may decide to handle it or also return an unmapped
* buffer head.
*/
create = dio->rw & WRITE;
if (dio->flags & DIO_SKIP_HOLES) {
if (sdio->block_in_file < (i_size_read(dio->inode) >>
sdio->blkbits))
create = 0;
}
ret = (*sdio->get_block)(dio->inode, fs_startblk,
map_bh, create);
/* Store for completion */
dio->private = map_bh->b_private;
if (ret == 0 && buffer_defer_completion(map_bh))
ret = dio_set_defer_completion(dio);
}
return ret;
}
/*
* There is no bio. Make one now.
*/
static inline int dio_new_bio(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio,
sector_t start_sector, struct buffer_head *map_bh)
{
sector_t sector;
int ret, nr_pages;
ret = dio_bio_reap(dio, sdio);
if (ret)
goto out;
sector = start_sector << (sdio->blkbits - 9);
nr_pages = min(sdio->pages_in_io, bio_get_nr_vecs(map_bh->b_bdev));
BUG_ON(nr_pages <= 0);
dio_bio_alloc(dio, sdio, map_bh->b_bdev, sector, nr_pages);
sdio->boundary = 0;
out:
return ret;
}
/*
* Attempt to put the current chunk of 'cur_page' into the current BIO. If
* that was successful then update final_block_in_bio and take a ref against
* the just-added page.
*
* Return zero on success. Non-zero means the caller needs to start a new BIO.
*/
static inline int dio_bio_add_page(struct dio_submit *sdio)
{
int ret;
ret = bio_add_page(sdio->bio, sdio->cur_page,
sdio->cur_page_len, sdio->cur_page_offset);
if (ret == sdio->cur_page_len) {
/*
* Decrement count only, if we are done with this page
*/
if ((sdio->cur_page_len + sdio->cur_page_offset) == PAGE_SIZE)
sdio->pages_in_io--;
page_cache_get(sdio->cur_page);
sdio->final_block_in_bio = sdio->cur_page_block +
(sdio->cur_page_len >> sdio->blkbits);
ret = 0;
} else {
ret = 1;
}
return ret;
}
/*
* Put cur_page under IO. The section of cur_page which is described by
* cur_page_offset,cur_page_len is put into a BIO. The section of cur_page
* starts on-disk at cur_page_block.
*
* We take a ref against the page here (on behalf of its presence in the bio).
*
* The caller of this function is responsible for removing cur_page from the
* dio, and for dropping the refcount which came from that presence.
*/
static inline int dio_send_cur_page(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio,
struct buffer_head *map_bh)
{
int ret = 0;
if (sdio->bio) {
loff_t cur_offset = sdio->cur_page_fs_offset;
loff_t bio_next_offset = sdio->logical_offset_in_bio +
sdio->bio->bi_iter.bi_size;
/*
* See whether this new request is contiguous with the old.
*
* Btrfs cannot handle having logically non-contiguous requests
* submitted. For example if you have
*
* Logical: [0-4095][HOLE][8192-12287]
* Physical: [0-4095] [4096-8191]
*
* We cannot submit those pages together as one BIO. So if our
* current logical offset in the file does not equal what would
* be the next logical offset in the bio, submit the bio we
* have.
*/
if (sdio->final_block_in_bio != sdio->cur_page_block ||
cur_offset != bio_next_offset)
dio_bio_submit(dio, sdio);
}
if (sdio->bio == NULL) {
ret = dio_new_bio(dio, sdio, sdio->cur_page_block, map_bh);
if (ret)
goto out;
}
if (dio_bio_add_page(sdio) != 0) {
dio_bio_submit(dio, sdio);
ret = dio_new_bio(dio, sdio, sdio->cur_page_block, map_bh);
if (ret == 0) {
ret = dio_bio_add_page(sdio);
BUG_ON(ret != 0);
}
}
out:
return ret;
}
/*
* An autonomous function to put a chunk of a page under deferred IO.
*
* The caller doesn't actually know (or care) whether this piece of page is in
* a BIO, or is under IO or whatever. We just take care of all possible
* situations here. The separation between the logic of do_direct_IO() and
* that of submit_page_section() is important for clarity. Please don't break.
*
* The chunk of page starts on-disk at blocknr.
*
* We perform deferred IO, by recording the last-submitted page inside our
* private part of the dio structure. If possible, we just expand the IO
* across that page here.
*
* If that doesn't work out then we put the old page into the bio and add this
* page to the dio instead.
*/
static inline int
submit_page_section(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio, struct page *page,
unsigned offset, unsigned len, sector_t blocknr,
struct buffer_head *map_bh)
{
int ret = 0;
if (dio->rw & WRITE) {
/*
* Read accounting is performed in submit_bio()
*/
task_io_account_write(len);
}
/*
* Can we just grow the current page's presence in the dio?
*/
if (sdio->cur_page == page &&
sdio->cur_page_offset + sdio->cur_page_len == offset &&
sdio->cur_page_block +
(sdio->cur_page_len >> sdio->blkbits) == blocknr) {
sdio->cur_page_len += len;
goto out;
}
/*
* If there's a deferred page already there then send it.
*/
if (sdio->cur_page) {
ret = dio_send_cur_page(dio, sdio, map_bh);
page_cache_release(sdio->cur_page);
sdio->cur_page = NULL;
if (ret)
return ret;
}
page_cache_get(page); /* It is in dio */
sdio->cur_page = page;
sdio->cur_page_offset = offset;
sdio->cur_page_len = len;
sdio->cur_page_block = blocknr;
sdio->cur_page_fs_offset = sdio->block_in_file << sdio->blkbits;
out:
/*
* If sdio->boundary then we want to schedule the IO now to
* avoid metadata seeks.
*/
if (sdio->boundary) {
ret = dio_send_cur_page(dio, sdio, map_bh);
dio_bio_submit(dio, sdio);
page_cache_release(sdio->cur_page);
sdio->cur_page = NULL;
}
return ret;
}
/*
* Clean any dirty buffers in the blockdev mapping which alias newly-created
* file blocks. Only called for S_ISREG files - blockdevs do not set
* buffer_new
*/
static void clean_blockdev_aliases(struct dio *dio, struct buffer_head *map_bh)
{
unsigned i;
unsigned nblocks;
nblocks = map_bh->b_size >> dio->inode->i_blkbits;
for (i = 0; i < nblocks; i++) {
unmap_underlying_metadata(map_bh->b_bdev,
map_bh->b_blocknr + i);
}
}
/*
* If we are not writing the entire block and get_block() allocated
* the block for us, we need to fill-in the unused portion of the
* block with zeros. This happens only if user-buffer, fileoffset or
* io length is not filesystem block-size multiple.
*
* `end' is zero if we're doing the start of the IO, 1 at the end of the
* IO.
*/
static inline void dio_zero_block(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio,
int end, struct buffer_head *map_bh)
{
unsigned dio_blocks_per_fs_block;
unsigned this_chunk_blocks; /* In dio_blocks */
unsigned this_chunk_bytes;
struct page *page;
sdio->start_zero_done = 1;
if (!sdio->blkfactor || !buffer_new(map_bh))
return;
dio_blocks_per_fs_block = 1 << sdio->blkfactor;
this_chunk_blocks = sdio->block_in_file & (dio_blocks_per_fs_block - 1);
if (!this_chunk_blocks)
return;
/*
* We need to zero out part of an fs block. It is either at the
* beginning or the end of the fs block.
*/
if (end)
this_chunk_blocks = dio_blocks_per_fs_block - this_chunk_blocks;
this_chunk_bytes = this_chunk_blocks << sdio->blkbits;
page = ZERO_PAGE(0);
if (submit_page_section(dio, sdio, page, 0, this_chunk_bytes,
sdio->next_block_for_io, map_bh))
return;
sdio->next_block_for_io += this_chunk_blocks;
}
/*
* Walk the user pages, and the file, mapping blocks to disk and generating
* a sequence of (page,offset,len,block) mappings. These mappings are injected
* into submit_page_section(), which takes care of the next stage of submission
*
* Direct IO against a blockdev is different from a file. Because we can
* happily perform page-sized but 512-byte aligned IOs. It is important that
* blockdev IO be able to have fine alignment and large sizes.
*
* So what we do is to permit the ->get_block function to populate bh.b_size
* with the size of IO which is permitted at this offset and this i_blkbits.
*
* For best results, the blockdev should be set up with 512-byte i_blkbits and
* it should set b_size to PAGE_SIZE or more inside get_block(). This gives
* fine alignment but still allows this function to work in PAGE_SIZE units.
*/
static int do_direct_IO(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio,
struct buffer_head *map_bh)
{
const unsigned blkbits = sdio->blkbits;
int ret = 0;
while (sdio->block_in_file < sdio->final_block_in_request) {
struct page *page;
size_t from, to;
page = dio_get_page(dio, sdio);
if (IS_ERR(page)) {
ret = PTR_ERR(page);
goto out;
}
from = sdio->head ? 0 : sdio->from;
to = (sdio->head == sdio->tail - 1) ? sdio->to : PAGE_SIZE;
sdio->head++;
while (from < to) {
unsigned this_chunk_bytes; /* # of bytes mapped */
unsigned this_chunk_blocks; /* # of blocks */
unsigned u;
if (sdio->blocks_available == 0) {
/*
* Need to go and map some more disk
*/
unsigned long blkmask;
unsigned long dio_remainder;
ret = get_more_blocks(dio, sdio, map_bh);
if (ret) {
page_cache_release(page);
goto out;
}
if (!buffer_mapped(map_bh))
goto do_holes;
sdio->blocks_available =
map_bh->b_size >> sdio->blkbits;
sdio->next_block_for_io =
map_bh->b_blocknr << sdio->blkfactor;
if (buffer_new(map_bh))
clean_blockdev_aliases(dio, map_bh);
if (!sdio->blkfactor)
goto do_holes;
blkmask = (1 << sdio->blkfactor) - 1;
dio_remainder = (sdio->block_in_file & blkmask);
/*
* If we are at the start of IO and that IO
* starts partway into a fs-block,
* dio_remainder will be non-zero. If the IO
* is a read then we can simply advance the IO
* cursor to the first block which is to be
* read. But if the IO is a write and the
* block was newly allocated we cannot do that;
* the start of the fs block must be zeroed out
* on-disk
*/
if (!buffer_new(map_bh))
sdio->next_block_for_io += dio_remainder;
sdio->blocks_available -= dio_remainder;
}
do_holes:
/* Handle holes */
if (!buffer_mapped(map_bh)) {
loff_t i_size_aligned;
/* AKPM: eargh, -ENOTBLK is a hack */
if (dio->rw & WRITE) {
page_cache_release(page);
return -ENOTBLK;
}
/*
* Be sure to account for a partial block as the
* last block in the file
*/
i_size_aligned = ALIGN(i_size_read(dio->inode),
1 << blkbits);
if (sdio->block_in_file >=
i_size_aligned >> blkbits) {
/* We hit eof */
page_cache_release(page);
goto out;
}
zero_user(page, from, 1 << blkbits);
sdio->block_in_file++;
from += 1 << blkbits;
dio->result += 1 << blkbits;
goto next_block;
}
/*
* If we're performing IO which has an alignment which
* is finer than the underlying fs, go check to see if
* we must zero out the start of this block.
*/
if (unlikely(sdio->blkfactor && !sdio->start_zero_done))
dio_zero_block(dio, sdio, 0, map_bh);
/*
* Work out, in this_chunk_blocks, how much disk we
* can add to this page
*/
this_chunk_blocks = sdio->blocks_available;
u = (to - from) >> blkbits;
if (this_chunk_blocks > u)
this_chunk_blocks = u;
u = sdio->final_block_in_request - sdio->block_in_file;
if (this_chunk_blocks > u)
this_chunk_blocks = u;
this_chunk_bytes = this_chunk_blocks << blkbits;
BUG_ON(this_chunk_bytes == 0);
if (this_chunk_blocks == sdio->blocks_available)
sdio->boundary = buffer_boundary(map_bh);
ret = submit_page_section(dio, sdio, page,
from,
this_chunk_bytes,
sdio->next_block_for_io,
map_bh);
if (ret) {
page_cache_release(page);
goto out;
}
sdio->next_block_for_io += this_chunk_blocks;
sdio->block_in_file += this_chunk_blocks;
from += this_chunk_bytes;
dio->result += this_chunk_bytes;
sdio->blocks_available -= this_chunk_blocks;
next_block:
BUG_ON(sdio->block_in_file > sdio->final_block_in_request);
if (sdio->block_in_file == sdio->final_block_in_request)
break;
}
/* Drop the ref which was taken in get_user_pages() */
page_cache_release(page);
}
out:
return ret;
}
static inline int drop_refcount(struct dio *dio)
{
int ret2;
unsigned long flags;
/*
* Sync will always be dropping the final ref and completing the
* operation. AIO can if it was a broken operation described above or
* in fact if all the bios race to complete before we get here. In
* that case dio_complete() translates the EIOCBQUEUED into the proper
* return code that the caller will hand to ->complete().
*
* This is managed by the bio_lock instead of being an atomic_t so that
* completion paths can drop their ref and use the remaining count to
* decide to wake the submission path atomically.
*/
spin_lock_irqsave(&dio->bio_lock, flags);
ret2 = --dio->refcount;
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dio->bio_lock, flags);
return ret2;
}
/*
* This is a library function for use by filesystem drivers.
*
* The locking rules are governed by the flags parameter:
* - if the flags value contains DIO_LOCKING we use a fancy locking
* scheme for dumb filesystems.
* For writes this function is called under i_mutex and returns with
* i_mutex held, for reads, i_mutex is not held on entry, but it is
* taken and dropped again before returning.
* - if the flags value does NOT contain DIO_LOCKING we don't use any
* internal locking but rather rely on the filesystem to synchronize
* direct I/O reads/writes versus each other and truncate.
*
* To help with locking against truncate we incremented the i_dio_count
* counter before starting direct I/O, and decrement it once we are done.
* Truncate can wait for it to reach zero to provide exclusion. It is
* expected that filesystem provide exclusion between new direct I/O
* and truncates. For DIO_LOCKING filesystems this is done by i_mutex,
* but other filesystems need to take care of this on their own.
*
* NOTE: if you pass "sdio" to anything by pointer make sure that function
* is always inlined. Otherwise gcc is unable to split the structure into
* individual fields and will generate much worse code. This is important
* for the whole file.
*/
static inline ssize_t
do_blockdev_direct_IO(struct kiocb *iocb, struct inode *inode,
struct block_device *bdev, struct iov_iter *iter,
loff_t offset, get_block_t get_block, dio_iodone_t end_io,
dio_submit_t submit_io, int flags)
{
unsigned i_blkbits = ACCESS_ONCE(inode->i_blkbits);
unsigned blkbits = i_blkbits;
unsigned blocksize_mask = (1 << blkbits) - 1;
ssize_t retval = -EINVAL;
size_t count = iov_iter_count(iter);
loff_t end = offset + count;
struct dio *dio;
struct dio_submit sdio = { 0, };
struct buffer_head map_bh = { 0, };
struct blk_plug plug;
unsigned long align = offset | iov_iter_alignment(iter);
/*
* Avoid references to bdev if not absolutely needed to give
* the early prefetch in the caller enough time.
*/
if (align & blocksize_mask) {
if (bdev)
blkbits = blksize_bits(bdev_logical_block_size(bdev));
blocksize_mask = (1 << blkbits) - 1;
if (align & blocksize_mask)
goto out;
}
/* watch out for a 0 len io from a tricksy fs */
if (iov_iter_rw(iter) == READ && !iov_iter_count(iter))
return 0;
dio = kmem_cache_alloc(dio_cache, GFP_KERNEL);
retval = -ENOMEM;
if (!dio)
goto out;
/*
* Believe it or not, zeroing out the page array caused a .5%
* performance regression in a database benchmark. So, we take
* care to only zero out what's needed.
*/
memset(dio, 0, offsetof(struct dio, pages));
dio->flags = flags;
if (dio->flags & DIO_LOCKING) {
if (iov_iter_rw(iter) == READ) {
struct address_space *mapping =
iocb->ki_filp->f_mapping;
/* will be released by direct_io_worker */
mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
retval = filemap_write_and_wait_range(mapping, offset,
end - 1);
if (retval) {
mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
kmem_cache_free(dio_cache, dio);
goto out;
}
}
}
/*
* For file extending writes updating i_size before data writeouts
* complete can expose uninitialized blocks in dumb filesystems.
* In that case we need to wait for I/O completion even if asked
* for an asynchronous write.
*/
if (is_sync_kiocb(iocb))
dio->is_async = false;
else if (!(dio->flags & DIO_ASYNC_EXTEND) &&
iov_iter_rw(iter) == WRITE && end > i_size_read(inode))
dio->is_async = false;
else
dio->is_async = true;
dio->inode = inode;
dio->rw = iov_iter_rw(iter) == WRITE ? WRITE_ODIRECT : READ;
/*
* For AIO O_(D)SYNC writes we need to defer completions to a workqueue
* so that we can call ->fsync.
*/
if (dio->is_async && iov_iter_rw(iter) == WRITE &&
((iocb->ki_filp->f_flags & O_DSYNC) ||
IS_SYNC(iocb->ki_filp->f_mapping->host))) {
retval = dio_set_defer_completion(dio);
if (retval) {
/*
* We grab i_mutex only for reads so we don't have
* to release it here
*/
kmem_cache_free(dio_cache, dio);
goto out;
}
}
/*
* Will be decremented at I/O completion time.
*/
if (!(dio->flags & DIO_SKIP_DIO_COUNT))
inode_dio_begin(inode);
retval = 0;
sdio.blkbits = blkbits;
sdio.blkfactor = i_blkbits - blkbits;
sdio.block_in_file = offset >> blkbits;
sdio.get_block = get_block;
dio->end_io = end_io;
sdio.submit_io = submit_io;
sdio.final_block_in_bio = -1;
sdio.next_block_for_io = -1;
dio->iocb = iocb;
dio->i_size = i_size_read(inode);
spin_lock_init(&dio->bio_lock);
dio->refcount = 1;
sdio.iter = iter;
sdio.final_block_in_request =
(offset + iov_iter_count(iter)) >> blkbits;
/*
* In case of non-aligned buffers, we may need 2 more
* pages since we need to zero out first and last block.
*/
if (unlikely(sdio.blkfactor))
sdio.pages_in_io = 2;
sdio.pages_in_io += iov_iter_npages(iter, INT_MAX);
blk_start_plug(&plug);
retval = do_direct_IO(dio, &sdio, &map_bh);
if (retval)
dio_cleanup(dio, &sdio);
if (retval == -ENOTBLK) {
/*
* The remaining part of the request will be
* be handled by buffered I/O when we return
*/
retval = 0;
}
/*
* There may be some unwritten disk at the end of a part-written
* fs-block-sized block. Go zero that now.
*/
dio_zero_block(dio, &sdio, 1, &map_bh);
if (sdio.cur_page) {
ssize_t ret2;
ret2 = dio_send_cur_page(dio, &sdio, &map_bh);
if (retval == 0)
retval = ret2;
page_cache_release(sdio.cur_page);
sdio.cur_page = NULL;
}
if (sdio.bio)
dio_bio_submit(dio, &sdio);
blk_finish_plug(&plug);
/*
* It is possible that, we return short IO due to end of file.
* In that case, we need to release all the pages we got hold on.
*/
dio_cleanup(dio, &sdio);
/*
* All block lookups have been performed. For READ requests
* we can let i_mutex go now that its achieved its purpose
* of protecting us from looking up uninitialized blocks.
*/
if (iov_iter_rw(iter) == READ && (dio->flags & DIO_LOCKING))
mutex_unlock(&dio->inode->i_mutex);
/*
* The only time we want to leave bios in flight is when a successful
* partial aio read or full aio write have been setup. In that case
* bio completion will call aio_complete. The only time it's safe to
* call aio_complete is when we return -EIOCBQUEUED, so we key on that.
* This had *better* be the only place that raises -EIOCBQUEUED.
*/
BUG_ON(retval == -EIOCBQUEUED);
if (dio->is_async && retval == 0 && dio->result &&
(iov_iter_rw(iter) == READ || dio->result == count))
retval = -EIOCBQUEUED;
else
dio_await_completion(dio);
if (drop_refcount(dio) == 0) {
retval = dio_complete(dio, offset, retval, false);
} else
BUG_ON(retval != -EIOCBQUEUED);
out:
return retval;
}
ssize_t __blockdev_direct_IO(struct kiocb *iocb, struct inode *inode,
struct block_device *bdev, struct iov_iter *iter,
loff_t offset, get_block_t get_block,
dio_iodone_t end_io, dio_submit_t submit_io,
int flags)
{
/*
* The block device state is needed in the end to finally
* submit everything. Since it's likely to be cache cold
* prefetch it here as first thing to hide some of the
* latency.
*
* Attempt to prefetch the pieces we likely need later.
*/
prefetch(&bdev->bd_disk->part_tbl);
prefetch(bdev->bd_queue);
prefetch((char *)bdev->bd_queue + SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
return do_blockdev_direct_IO(iocb, inode, bdev, iter, offset, get_block,
end_io, submit_io, flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__blockdev_direct_IO);
static __init int dio_init(void)
{
dio_cache = KMEM_CACHE(dio, SLAB_PANIC);
return 0;
}
module_init(dio_init)
