squashfs: Add zstd support

Add zstd compression and decompression support to SquashFS. zstd is a
great fit for SquashFS because it can compress at ratios approaching xz,
while decompressing twice as fast as zlib. For SquashFS in particular,
it can decompress as fast as lzo and lz4. It also has the flexibility
to turn down the compression ratio for faster compression times.

The compression benchmark is run on the file tree from the SquashFS archive
found in ubuntu-16.10-desktop-amd64.iso [1]. It uses `mksquashfs` with the
default block size (128 KB) and and various compression algorithms/levels.
xz and zstd are also benchmarked with 256 KB blocks. The decompression
benchmark times how long it takes to `tar` the file tree into `/dev/null`.
See the benchmark file in the upstream zstd source repository located under
`contrib/linux-kernel/squashfs-benchmark.sh` [2] for details.

I ran the benchmarks on a Ubuntu 14.04 VM with 2 cores and 4 GiB of RAM.
The VM is running on a MacBook Pro with a 3.1 GHz Intel Core i7 processor,
16 GB of RAM, and a SSD.

| Method         | Ratio | Compression MB/s | Decompression MB/s |
|----------------|-------|------------------|--------------------|
| gzip           |  2.92 |               15 |                128 |
| lzo            |  2.64 |              9.5 |                217 |
| lz4            |  2.12 |               94 |                218 |
| xz             |  3.43 |              5.5 |                 35 |
| xz 256 KB      |  3.53 |              5.4 |                 40 |
| zstd 1         |  2.71 |               96 |                210 |
| zstd 5         |  2.93 |               69 |                198 |
| zstd 10        |  3.01 |               41 |                225 |
| zstd 15        |  3.13 |             11.4 |                224 |
| zstd 16 256 KB |  3.24 |              8.1 |                210 |

This patch was written by Sean Purcell <me@seanp.xyz>, but I will be
taking over the submission process.

[1] http://releases.ubuntu.com/16.10/
[2] https://github.com/facebook/zstd/blob/dev/contrib/linux-kernel/squashfs-benchmark.sh

zstd source repository: https://github.com/facebook/zstd

Signed-off-by: Sean Purcell <me@seanp.xyz>
Signed-off-by: Nick Terrell <terrelln@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Acked-by: Phillip Lougher <phillip@squashfs.org.uk>

1 files changed, 14 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/fs/squashfs/Kconfig b/fs/squashfs/Kconfig
index ffb093e72b6c..1adb3346b9d6 100644
--- a/fs/squashfs/Kconfig
+++ b/fs/squashfs/Kconfig
@@ -165,6 +165,20 @@ config SQUASHFS_XZ
 
 	  If unsure, say N.
 
+config SQUASHFS_ZSTD
+	bool "Include support for ZSTD compressed file systems"
+	depends on SQUASHFS
+	select ZSTD_DECOMPRESS
+	help
+	  Saying Y here includes support for reading Squashfs file systems
+	  compressed with ZSTD compression.  ZSTD gives better compression than
+	  the default ZLIB compression, while using less CPU.
+
+	  ZSTD is not the standard compression used in Squashfs and so most
+	  file systems will be readable without selecting this option.
+
+	  If unsure, say N.
+
 config SQUASHFS_4K_DEVBLK_SIZE
 	bool "Use 4K device block size?"
 	depends on SQUASHFS