bpf: add script and prepare bpf.h for new helpers documentation

Remove previous "overview" of eBPF helpers from user bpf.h header.
Replace it by a comment explaining how to process the new documentation
(to come in following patches) with a Python script to produce RST, then
man page documentation.

Also add the aforementioned Python script under scripts/. It is used to
process include/uapi/linux/bpf.h and to extract helper descriptions, to
turn it into a RST document that can further be processed with rst2man
to produce a man page. The script takes one "--filename <path/to/file>"
option. If the script is launched from scripts/ in the kernel root
directory, it should be able to find the location of the header to
parse, and "--filename <path/to/file>" is then optional. If it cannot
find the file, then the option becomes mandatory. RST-formatted
documentation is printed to standard output.

Typical workflow for producing the final man page would be:

    $ ./scripts/bpf_helpers_doc.py \
            --filename include/uapi/linux/bpf.h > /tmp/bpf-helpers.rst
    $ rst2man /tmp/bpf-helpers.rst > /tmp/bpf-helpers.7
    $ man /tmp/bpf-helpers.7

Note that the tool kernel-doc cannot be used to document eBPF helpers,
whose signatures are not available directly in the header files
(pre-processor directives are used to produce them at the beginning of
the compilation process).

v4:
- Also remove overviews for newly added bpf_xdp_adjust_tail() and
  bpf_skb_get_xfrm_state().
- Remove vague statement about what helpers are restricted to GPL
  programs in "LICENSE" section for man page footer.
- Replace license boilerplate with SPDX tag for Python script.

v3:
- Change license for man page.
- Remove "for safety reasons" from man page header text.
- Change "packets metadata" to "packets" in man page header text.
- Move and fix comment on helpers introducing no overhead.
- Remove "NOTES" section from man page footer.
- Add "LICENSE" section to man page footer.
- Edit description of file include/uapi/linux/bpf.h in man page footer.

Signed-off-by: Quentin Monnet <quentin.monnet@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>

1 files changed, 16 insertions, 406 deletions

diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h b/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
index da8801860c7d..dd43fc98c982 100644
--- a/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
+++ b/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
@@ -377,412 +377,22 @@ union bpf_attr {
 	};
 } __attribute__((aligned(8)));
 
-/* BPF helper function descriptions:
- *
- * void *bpf_map_lookup_elem(&map, &key)
- *     Return: Map value or NULL
- *
- * int bpf_map_update_elem(&map, &key, &value, flags)
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error
- *
- * int bpf_map_delete_elem(&map, &key)
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error
- *
- * int bpf_probe_read(void *dst, int size, void *src)
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error
- *
- * u64 bpf_ktime_get_ns(void)
- *     Return: current ktime
- *
- * int bpf_trace_printk(const char *fmt, int fmt_size, ...)
- *     Return: length of buffer written or negative error
- *
- * u32 bpf_prandom_u32(void)
- *     Return: random value
- *
- * u32 bpf_raw_smp_processor_id(void)
- *     Return: SMP processor ID
- *
- * int bpf_skb_store_bytes(skb, offset, from, len, flags)
- *     store bytes into packet
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     @offset: offset within packet from skb->mac_header
- *     @from: pointer where to copy bytes from
- *     @len: number of bytes to store into packet
- *     @flags: bit 0 - if true, recompute skb->csum
- *             other bits - reserved
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error
- *
- * int bpf_l3_csum_replace(skb, offset, from, to, flags)
- *     recompute IP checksum
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     @offset: offset within packet where IP checksum is located
- *     @from: old value of header field
- *     @to: new value of header field
- *     @flags: bits 0-3 - size of header field
- *             other bits - reserved
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error
- *
- * int bpf_l4_csum_replace(skb, offset, from, to, flags)
- *     recompute TCP/UDP checksum
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     @offset: offset within packet where TCP/UDP checksum is located
- *     @from: old value of header field
- *     @to: new value of header field
- *     @flags: bits 0-3 - size of header field
- *             bit 4 - is pseudo header
- *             other bits - reserved
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error
- *
- * int bpf_tail_call(ctx, prog_array_map, index)
- *     jump into another BPF program
- *     @ctx: context pointer passed to next program
- *     @prog_array_map: pointer to map which type is BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY
- *     @index: 32-bit index inside array that selects specific program to run
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error
- *
- * int bpf_clone_redirect(skb, ifindex, flags)
- *     redirect to another netdev
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     @ifindex: ifindex of the net device
- *     @flags: bit 0 - if set, redirect to ingress instead of egress
- *             other bits - reserved
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error
- *
- * u64 bpf_get_current_pid_tgid(void)
- *     Return: current->tgid << 32 | current->pid
- *
- * u64 bpf_get_current_uid_gid(void)
- *     Return: current_gid << 32 | current_uid
- *
- * int bpf_get_current_comm(char *buf, int size_of_buf)
- *     stores current->comm into buf
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error
- *
- * u32 bpf_get_cgroup_classid(skb)
- *     retrieve a proc's classid
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     Return: classid if != 0
- *
- * int bpf_skb_vlan_push(skb, vlan_proto, vlan_tci)
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error
- *
- * int bpf_skb_vlan_pop(skb)
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error
- *
- * int bpf_skb_get_tunnel_key(skb, key, size, flags)
- * int bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key(skb, key, size, flags)
- *     retrieve or populate tunnel metadata
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     @key: pointer to 'struct bpf_tunnel_key'
- *     @size: size of 'struct bpf_tunnel_key'
- *     @flags: room for future extensions
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error
- *
- * u64 bpf_perf_event_read(map, flags)
- *     read perf event counter value
- *     @map: pointer to perf_event_array map
- *     @flags: index of event in the map or bitmask flags
- *     Return: value of perf event counter read or error code
- *
- * int bpf_redirect(ifindex, flags)
- *     redirect to another netdev
- *     @ifindex: ifindex of the net device
- *     @flags:
- *	  cls_bpf:
- *          bit 0 - if set, redirect to ingress instead of egress
- *          other bits - reserved
- *	  xdp_bpf:
- *	    all bits - reserved
- *     Return: cls_bpf: TC_ACT_REDIRECT on success or TC_ACT_SHOT on error
- *	       xdp_bfp: XDP_REDIRECT on success or XDP_ABORT on error
- * int bpf_redirect_map(map, key, flags)
- *     redirect to endpoint in map
- *     @map: pointer to dev map
- *     @key: index in map to lookup
- *     @flags: --
- *     Return: XDP_REDIRECT on success or XDP_ABORT on error
- *
- * u32 bpf_get_route_realm(skb)
- *     retrieve a dst's tclassid
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     Return: realm if != 0
- *
- * int bpf_perf_event_output(ctx, map, flags, data, size)
- *     output perf raw sample
- *     @ctx: struct pt_regs*
- *     @map: pointer to perf_event_array map
- *     @flags: index of event in the map or bitmask flags
- *     @data: data on stack to be output as raw data
- *     @size: size of data
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error
- *
- * int bpf_get_stackid(ctx, map, flags)
- *     walk user or kernel stack and return id
- *     @ctx: struct pt_regs*
- *     @map: pointer to stack_trace map
- *     @flags: bits 0-7 - numer of stack frames to skip
- *             bit 8 - collect user stack instead of kernel
- *             bit 9 - compare stacks by hash only
- *             bit 10 - if two different stacks hash into the same stackid
- *                      discard old
- *             other bits - reserved
- *     Return: >= 0 stackid on success or negative error
- *
- * s64 bpf_csum_diff(from, from_size, to, to_size, seed)
- *     calculate csum diff
- *     @from: raw from buffer
- *     @from_size: length of from buffer
- *     @to: raw to buffer
- *     @to_size: length of to buffer
- *     @seed: optional seed
- *     Return: csum result or negative error code
- *
- * int bpf_skb_get_tunnel_opt(skb, opt, size)
- *     retrieve tunnel options metadata
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     @opt: pointer to raw tunnel option data
- *     @size: size of @opt
- *     Return: option size
- *
- * int bpf_skb_set_tunnel_opt(skb, opt, size)
- *     populate tunnel options metadata
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     @opt: pointer to raw tunnel option data
- *     @size: size of @opt
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error
- *
- * int bpf_skb_change_proto(skb, proto, flags)
- *     Change protocol of the skb. Currently supported is v4 -> v6,
- *     v6 -> v4 transitions. The helper will also resize the skb. eBPF
- *     program is expected to fill the new headers via skb_store_bytes
- *     and lX_csum_replace.
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     @proto: new skb->protocol type
- *     @flags: reserved
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error
- *
- * int bpf_skb_change_type(skb, type)
- *     Change packet type of skb.
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     @type: new skb->pkt_type type
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error
- *
- * int bpf_skb_under_cgroup(skb, map, index)
- *     Check cgroup2 membership of skb
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     @map: pointer to bpf_map in BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY type
- *     @index: index of the cgroup in the bpf_map
- *     Return:
- *       == 0 skb failed the cgroup2 descendant test
- *       == 1 skb succeeded the cgroup2 descendant test
- *        < 0 error
- *
- * u32 bpf_get_hash_recalc(skb)
- *     Retrieve and possibly recalculate skb->hash.
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     Return: hash
- *
- * u64 bpf_get_current_task(void)
- *     Returns current task_struct
- *     Return: current
- *
- * int bpf_probe_write_user(void *dst, void *src, int len)
- *     safely attempt to write to a location
- *     @dst: destination address in userspace
- *     @src: source address on stack
- *     @len: number of bytes to copy
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error
- *
- * int bpf_current_task_under_cgroup(map, index)
- *     Check cgroup2 membership of current task
- *     @map: pointer to bpf_map in BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY type
- *     @index: index of the cgroup in the bpf_map
- *     Return:
- *       == 0 current failed the cgroup2 descendant test
- *       == 1 current succeeded the cgroup2 descendant test
- *        < 0 error
- *
- * int bpf_skb_change_tail(skb, len, flags)
- *     The helper will resize the skb to the given new size, to be used f.e.
- *     with control messages.
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     @len: new skb length
- *     @flags: reserved
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error
- *
- * int bpf_skb_pull_data(skb, len)
- *     The helper will pull in non-linear data in case the skb is non-linear
- *     and not all of len are part of the linear section. Only needed for
- *     read/write with direct packet access.
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     @len: len to make read/writeable
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error
- *
- * s64 bpf_csum_update(skb, csum)
- *     Adds csum into skb->csum in case of CHECKSUM_COMPLETE.
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     @csum: csum to add
- *     Return: csum on success or negative error
- *
- * void bpf_set_hash_invalid(skb)
- *     Invalidate current skb->hash.
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *
- * int bpf_get_numa_node_id()
- *     Return: Id of current NUMA node.
- *
- * int bpf_skb_change_head()
- *     Grows headroom of skb and adjusts MAC header offset accordingly.
- *     Will extends/reallocae as required automatically.
- *     May change skb data pointer and will thus invalidate any check
- *     performed for direct packet access.
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     @len: length of header to be pushed in front
- *     @flags: Flags (unused for now)
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error
- *
- * int bpf_xdp_adjust_head(xdp_md, delta)
- *     Adjust the xdp_md.data by delta
- *     @xdp_md: pointer to xdp_md
- *     @delta: An positive/negative integer to be added to xdp_md.data
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative on error
- *
- * int bpf_probe_read_str(void *dst, int size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
- *     Copy a NUL terminated string from unsafe address. In case the string
- *     length is smaller than size, the target is not padded with further NUL
- *     bytes. In case the string length is larger than size, just count-1
- *     bytes are copied and the last byte is set to NUL.
- *     @dst: destination address
- *     @size: maximum number of bytes to copy, including the trailing NUL
- *     @unsafe_ptr: unsafe address
- *     Return:
- *       > 0 length of the string including the trailing NUL on success
- *       < 0 error
- *
- * u64 bpf_get_socket_cookie(skb)
- *     Get the cookie for the socket stored inside sk_buff.
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     Return: 8 Bytes non-decreasing number on success or 0 if the socket
- *     field is missing inside sk_buff
- *
- * u32 bpf_get_socket_uid(skb)
- *     Get the owner uid of the socket stored inside sk_buff.
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     Return: uid of the socket owner on success or overflowuid if failed.
- *
- * u32 bpf_set_hash(skb, hash)
- *     Set full skb->hash.
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     @hash: hash to set
- *
- * int bpf_setsockopt(bpf_socket, level, optname, optval, optlen)
- *     Calls setsockopt. Not all opts are available, only those with
- *     integer optvals plus TCP_CONGESTION.
- *     Supported levels: SOL_SOCKET and IPPROTO_TCP
- *     @bpf_socket: pointer to bpf_socket
- *     @level: SOL_SOCKET or IPPROTO_TCP
- *     @optname: option name
- *     @optval: pointer to option value
- *     @optlen: length of optval in bytes
- *     Return: 0 or negative error
- *
- * int bpf_getsockopt(bpf_socket, level, optname, optval, optlen)
- *     Calls getsockopt. Not all opts are available.
- *     Supported levels: IPPROTO_TCP
- *     @bpf_socket: pointer to bpf_socket
- *     @level: IPPROTO_TCP
- *     @optname: option name
- *     @optval: pointer to option value
- *     @optlen: length of optval in bytes
- *     Return: 0 or negative error
- *
- * int bpf_sock_ops_cb_flags_set(bpf_sock_ops, flags)
- *     Set callback flags for sock_ops
- *     @bpf_sock_ops: pointer to bpf_sock_ops_kern struct
- *     @flags: flags value
- *     Return: 0 for no error
- *             -EINVAL if there is no full tcp socket
- *             bits in flags that are not supported by current kernel
- *
- * int bpf_skb_adjust_room(skb, len_diff, mode, flags)
- *     Grow or shrink room in sk_buff.
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     @len_diff: (signed) amount of room to grow/shrink
- *     @mode: operation mode (enum bpf_adj_room_mode)
- *     @flags: reserved for future use
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error code
- *
- * int bpf_sk_redirect_map(map, key, flags)
- *     Redirect skb to a sock in map using key as a lookup key for the
- *     sock in map.
- *     @map: pointer to sockmap
- *     @key: key to lookup sock in map
- *     @flags: reserved for future use
- *     Return: SK_PASS
- *
- * int bpf_sock_map_update(skops, map, key, flags)
- *	@skops: pointer to bpf_sock_ops
- *	@map: pointer to sockmap to update
- *	@key: key to insert/update sock in map
- *	@flags: same flags as map update elem
- *
- * int bpf_xdp_adjust_meta(xdp_md, delta)
- *     Adjust the xdp_md.data_meta by delta
- *     @xdp_md: pointer to xdp_md
- *     @delta: An positive/negative integer to be added to xdp_md.data_meta
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative on error
- *
- * int bpf_perf_event_read_value(map, flags, buf, buf_size)
- *     read perf event counter value and perf event enabled/running time
- *     @map: pointer to perf_event_array map
- *     @flags: index of event in the map or bitmask flags
- *     @buf: buf to fill
- *     @buf_size: size of the buf
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error code
- *
- * int bpf_perf_prog_read_value(ctx, buf, buf_size)
- *     read perf prog attached perf event counter and enabled/running time
- *     @ctx: pointer to ctx
- *     @buf: buf to fill
- *     @buf_size: size of the buf
- *     Return : 0 on success or negative error code
- *
- * int bpf_override_return(pt_regs, rc)
- *	@pt_regs: pointer to struct pt_regs
- *	@rc: the return value to set
- *
- * int bpf_msg_redirect_map(map, key, flags)
- *     Redirect msg to a sock in map using key as a lookup key for the
- *     sock in map.
- *     @map: pointer to sockmap
- *     @key: key to lookup sock in map
- *     @flags: reserved for future use
- *     Return: SK_PASS
- *
- * int bpf_bind(ctx, addr, addr_len)
- *     Bind socket to address. Only binding to IP is supported, no port can be
- *     set in addr.
- *     @ctx: pointer to context of type bpf_sock_addr
- *     @addr: pointer to struct sockaddr to bind socket to
- *     @addr_len: length of sockaddr structure
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error code
- *
- * int bpf_xdp_adjust_tail(xdp_md, delta)
- *     Adjust the xdp_md.data_end by delta. Only shrinking of packet's
- *     size is supported.
- *     @xdp_md: pointer to xdp_md
- *     @delta: A negative integer to be added to xdp_md.data_end
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative on error
- *
- * int bpf_skb_get_xfrm_state(skb, index, xfrm_state, size, flags)
- *     retrieve XFRM state
- *     @skb: pointer to skb
- *     @index: index of the xfrm state in the secpath
- *     @key: pointer to 'struct bpf_xfrm_state'
- *     @size: size of 'struct bpf_xfrm_state'
- *     @flags: room for future extensions
- *     Return: 0 on success or negative error
+/* The description below is an attempt at providing documentation to eBPF
+ * developers about the multiple available eBPF helper functions. It can be
+ * parsed and used to produce a manual page. The workflow is the following,
+ * and requires the rst2man utility:
+ *
+ *     $ ./scripts/bpf_helpers_doc.py \
+ *             --filename include/uapi/linux/bpf.h > /tmp/bpf-helpers.rst
+ *     $ rst2man /tmp/bpf-helpers.rst > /tmp/bpf-helpers.7
+ *     $ man /tmp/bpf-helpers.7
+ *
+ * Note that in order to produce this external documentation, some RST
+ * formatting is used in the descriptions to get "bold" and "italics" in
+ * manual pages. Also note that the few trailing white spaces are
+ * intentional, removing them would break paragraphs for rst2man.
+ *
+ * Start of BPF helper function descriptions:
  */
 #define __BPF_FUNC_MAPPER(FN)		\
 	FN(unspec),			\