/*
* mkfs.c - make a linux (minix) file-system.
*
* (C) 1991 Linus Torvalds. This file may be redistributed as per
* the Linux copyright.
*/
/*
* 24.11.91 - time began. Used the fsck sources to get started.
*
* 25.11.91 - corrected some bugs. Added support for ".badblocks"
* The algorithm for ".badblocks" is a bit weird, but
* it should work. Oh, well.
*
* 25.01.92 - Added the -l option for getting the list of bad blocks
* out of a named file. (Dave Rivers, rivers@ponds.uucp)
*
* 28.02.92 - added %-information when using -c.
*
* 28.02.93 - added support for other namelengths than the original
* 14 characters so that I can test the new kernel routines..
*
* Sat Oct 9 11:48:31 1993, faith@cs.unc.edu: make exit status conform
* to that required by fsutil
*
* 31.10.93 - added inode request feature, for backup floppies: use
* 32 inodes, for a news partition use more.
* (Scott Heavner, sdh@po.cwru.edu)
*
* Mon Jan 3 11:08:49 1994, Dr. Wettstein (greg%wind.uucp@plains.nodak.edu).
* Added support for file system valid flag.
*
* 9.11.94 - added test to prevent overwrite of mounted fs adapted
* from Theodore Ts'o's (tytso@athena.mit.edu) mke2fs
* program. (Daniel Quinlan, quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
*
* Usage: mkfs [-c] [-nXX] [-iXX] device size-in-blocks
* mkfs [-l filename ] device size-in-blocks
*
* -c for readablility checking (SLOW!)
* -l for getting a list of bad blocks from a file.
* -n for namelength (currently the kernel only uses 14 or 30)
* -i for number of inodes
*
* The device may be a block device or a image of one, but this isn't
* enforced (but it's not much fun on a character device :-).
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <mntent.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/minix_fs.h>
#ifndef __GNUC__
#error "needs gcc for the bitop-__asm__'s"
#endif
#ifndef __linux__
#define volatile
#endif
#define MINIX_ROOT_INO 1
#define MINIX_BAD_INO 2
#define TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS 16
#define MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS 512
#define UPPER(size,n) ((size+((n)-1))/(n))
#define INODE_SIZE (sizeof(struct minix_inode))
#define INODE_BLOCKS UPPER(INODES,MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK)
#define INODE_BUFFER_SIZE (INODE_BLOCKS * BLOCK_SIZE)
#define BITS_PER_BLOCK (BLOCK_SIZE<<3)
static char * program_name = "mkfs";
static char * device_name = NULL;
static int DEV = -1;
static long BLOCKS = 0;
static int check = 0;
static int badblocks = 0;
static int namelen = 30; /* default (changed to 30, per Linus's
suggestion, Sun Nov 21 08:05:07 1993) */
static int dirsize = 16;
static int magic = MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC;
static char root_block[BLOCK_SIZE] = "\0";
static char * inode_buffer = NULL;
#define Inode (((struct minix_inode *) inode_buffer)-1)
static char super_block_buffer[BLOCK_SIZE];
#define Super (*(struct minix_super_block *)super_block_buffer)
#define INODES ((unsigned long)Super.s_ninodes)
#define ZONES ((unsigned long)Super.s_nzones)
#define IMAPS ((unsigned long)Super.s_imap_blocks)
#define ZMAPS ((unsigned long)Super.s_zmap_blocks)
#define FIRSTZONE ((unsigned long)Super.s_firstdatazone)
#define ZONESIZE ((unsigned long)Super.s_log_zone_size)
#define MAXSIZE ((unsigned long)Super.s_max_size)
#define MAGIC (Super.s_magic)
#define NORM_FIRSTZONE (2+IMAPS+ZMAPS+INODE_BLOCKS)
static char inode_map[BLOCK_SIZE * MINIX_I_MAP_SLOTS];
static char zone_map[BLOCK_SIZE * MINIX_Z_MAP_SLOTS];
static unsigned short good_blocks_table[MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS];
static int used_good_blocks = 0;
static unsigned long req_nr_inodes = 0;
#define bitop(name,op) \
static inline int name(char * addr,unsigned int nr) \
{ \
int __res; \
__asm__ __volatile__("bt" op " %1,%2; adcl $0,%0" \
:"=g" (__res) \
:"r" (nr),"m" (*(addr)),"0" (0)); \
return __res; \
}
bitop(bit,"")
bitop(setbit,"s")
bitop(clrbit,"r")
#define inode_in_use(x) (bit(inode_map,(x)))
#define zone_in_use(x) (bit(zone_map,(x)-FIRSTZONE+1))
#define mark_inode(x) (setbit(inode_map,(x)))
#define unmark_inode(x) (clrbit(inode_map,(x)))
#define mark_zone(x) (setbit(zone_map,(x)-FIRSTZONE+1))
#define unmark_zone(x) (clrbit(zone_map,(x)-FIRSTZONE+1))
/*
* Volatile to let gcc know that this doesn't return. When trying
* to compile this under minix, volatile gives a warning, as
* exit() isn't defined as volatile under minix.
*/
volatile void fatal_error(const char * fmt_string,int status)
{
fprintf(stderr,fmt_string,program_name,device_name);
exit(status);
}
#define usage() fatal_error("Usage: %s [-c | -l filename] [-nXX] [-iXX] /dev/name blocks\n",16)
#define die(str) fatal_error("%s: " str "\n",8)
/*
* Check to make certain that our new filesystem won't be created on
* an already mounted partition. Code adapted from mke2fs, Copyright
* (C) 1994 Theodore Ts'o. Also licensed under GPL.
*/
static void check_mount(void)
{
FILE * f;
struct mntent * mnt;
if ((f = setmntent (MOUNTED, "r")) == NULL)
return;
while ((mnt = getmntent (f)) != NULL)
if (strcmp (device_name, mnt->mnt_fsname) == 0)
break;
endmntent (f);
if (!mnt)
return;
die("%s is mounted; will not make a filesystem here!");
}
void write_tables(void)
{
/* Mark the super block valid. */
Super.s_state |= MINIX_VALID_FS;
Super.s_state &= ~MINIX_ERROR_FS;
if (BLOCK_SIZE != lseek(DEV, BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET))
die("seek failed in write_tables");
if (BLOCK_SIZE != write(DEV, super_block_buffer, BLOCK_SIZE))
die("unable to write super-block");
if (IMAPS*BLOCK_SIZE != write(DEV,inode_map,IMAPS*BLOCK_SIZE))
die("Unable to write inode map");
if (ZMAPS*BLOCK_SIZE != write(DEV,zone_map,ZMAPS*BLOCK_SIZE))
die("Unable to write zone map");
if (INODE_BUFFER_SIZE != write(DEV,inode_buffer,INODE_BUFFER_SIZE))
die("Unable to write inodes");
}
void write_block(int blk, char * buffer)
{
if (blk*BLOCK_SIZE != lseek(DEV, blk*BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET))
die("seek failed in write_block");
if (BLOCK_SIZE != write(DEV, buffer, BLOCK_SIZE))
die("write failed in write_block");
}
int get_free_block(void)
{
int blk;
if (used_good_blocks+1 >= MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS)
die("too many bad blocks");
if (used_good_blocks)
blk = good_blocks_table[used_good_blocks-1]+1;
else
blk = FIRSTZONE;
while (blk < ZONES && zone_in_use(blk))
blk++;
if (blk >= ZONES)
die("not enough good blocks");
good_blocks_table[used_good_blocks] = blk;
used_good_blocks++;
return blk;
}
void mark_good_blocks(void)
{
int blk;
for (blk=0 ; blk < used_good_blocks ; blk++)
mark_zone(good_blocks_table[blk]);
}
inline int next(int zone)
{
if (!zone)
zone = FIRSTZONE-1;
while (++zone < ZONES)
if (zone_in_use(zone))
return zone;
return 0;
}
void make_bad_inode(void)
{
struct minix_inode * inode = &Inode[MINIX_BAD_INO];
int i,j,zone;
int ind=0,dind=0;
unsigned short ind_block[BLOCK_SIZE>>1];
unsigned short dind_block[BLOCK_SIZE>>1];
#define NEXT_BAD (zone = next(zone))
if (!badblocks)
return;
mark_inode(MINIX_BAD_INO);
inode->i_nlinks = 1;
inode->i_time = time(NULL);
inode->i_mode = S_IFREG + 0000;
inode->i_size = badblocks*BLOCK_SIZE;
zone = next(0);
for (i=0 ; i<7 ; i++) {
inode->i_zone[i] = zone;
if (!NEXT_BAD)
goto end_bad;
}
inode->i_zone[7] = ind = get_free_block();
memset(ind_block,0,BLOCK_SIZE);
for (i=0 ; i<512 ; i++) {
ind_block[i] = zone;
if (!NEXT_BAD)
goto end_bad;
}
inode->i_zone[8] = dind = get_free_block();
memset(dind_block,0,BLOCK_SIZE);
for (i=0 ; i<512 ; i++) {
write_block(ind,(char *) ind_block);
dind_block[i] = ind = get_free_block();
memset(ind_block,0,BLOCK_SIZE);
for (j=0 ; j<512 ; j++) {
ind_block[j] = zone;
if (!NEXT_BAD)
goto end_bad;
}
}
die("too many bad blocks");
end_bad:
if (ind)
write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
if (dind)
write_block(dind, (char *) dind_block);
}
void make_root_inode(void)
{
struct minix_inode * inode = &Inode[MINIX_ROOT_INO];
mark_inode(MINIX_ROOT_INO);
inode->i_zone[0] = get_free_block();
inode->i_nlinks = 2;
inode->i_time = time(NULL);
if (badblocks)
inode->i_size = 3*dirsize;
else {
root_block[2*dirsize] = '\0';
root_block[2*dirsize+1] = '\0';
inode->i_size = 2*dirsize;
}
inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR + 0755;
write_block(inode->i_zone[0],root_block);
}
void setup_tables(void)
{
int i;
memset(inode_map,0xff,sizeof(inode_map));
memset(zone_map,0xff,sizeof(zone_map));
memset(super_block_buffer,0,BLOCK_SIZE);
MAGIC = magic;
ZONESIZE = 0;
MAXSIZE = (7+512+512*512)*1024;
ZONES = BLOCKS;
/* some magic nrs: 1 inode / 3 blocks */
if ( req_nr_inodes == 0 )
INODES = BLOCKS/3;
else
INODES = req_nr_inodes;
/* I don't want some off-by-one errors, so this hack... */
if ((INODES & 8191) > 8188)
INODES -= 5;
if ((INODES & 8191) < 10)
INODES -= 20;
IMAPS = UPPER(INODES,BITS_PER_BLOCK);
ZMAPS = 0;
while (ZMAPS != UPPER(BLOCKS - NORM_FIRSTZONE,BITS_PER_BLOCK))
ZMAPS = UPPER(BLOCKS - NORM_FIRSTZONE,BITS_PER_BLOCK);
FIRSTZONE = NORM_FIRSTZONE;
for (i = FIRSTZONE ; i<ZONES ; i++)
unmark_zone(i);
for (i = MINIX_ROOT_INO ; i<INODES ; i++)
unmark_inode(i);
inode_buffer = malloc(INODE_BUFFER_SIZE);
if (!inode_buffer)
die("Unable to allocate buffer for inodes");
memset(inode_buffer,0,INODE_BUFFER_SIZE);
printf("%d inodes\n",INODES);
printf("%d blocks\n",ZONES);
printf("Firstdatazone=%d (%d)\n",FIRSTZONE,NORM_FIRSTZONE);
printf("Zonesize=%d\n",BLOCK_SIZE<<ZONESIZE);
printf("Maxsize=%d\n\n",MAXSIZE);
}
/*
* Perform a test of a block; return the number of
* blocks readable/writeable.
*/
long do_check(char * buffer, int try, unsigned int current_block)
{
long got;
/* Seek to the correct loc. */
if (lseek(DEV, current_block * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET) !=
current_block * BLOCK_SIZE ) {
die("seek failed during testing of blocks");
}
/* Try the read */
got = read(DEV, buffer, try * BLOCK_SIZE);
if (got < 0) got = 0;
if (got & (BLOCK_SIZE - 1 )) {
printf("Weird values in do_check: probably bugs\n");
}
got /= BLOCK_SIZE;
return got;
}
static unsigned int currently_testing = 0;
void alarm_intr(int alnum)
{
if (currently_testing >= ZONES)
return;
signal(SIGALRM,alarm_intr);
alarm(5);
if (!currently_testing)
return;
printf("%d ...", currently_testing);
fflush(stdout);
}
void check_blocks(void)
{
int try,got;
static char buffer[BLOCK_SIZE * TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS];
currently_testing=0;
signal(SIGALRM,alarm_intr);
alarm(5);
while (currently_testing < ZONES) {
if (lseek(DEV,currently_testing*BLOCK_SIZE,SEEK_SET) !=
currently_testing*BLOCK_SIZE)
die("seek failed in check_blocks");
try = TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS;
if (currently_testing + try > ZONES)
try = ZONES-currently_testing;
got = do_check(buffer, try, currently_testing);
currently_testing += got;
if (got == try)
continue;
if (currently_testing < FIRSTZONE)
die("bad blocks before data-area: cannot make fs");
mark_zone(currently_testing);
badblocks++;
currently_testing++;
}
if (badblocks)
printf("%d bad block%s\n",badblocks,(badblocks>1)?"s":"");
}
void get_list_blocks(filename)
char *filename;
{
FILE *listfile;
unsigned long blockno;
listfile=fopen(filename,"r");
if(listfile == (FILE *)NULL) {
die("Can't open file of bad blocks");
}
while(!feof(listfile)) {
fscanf(listfile,"%d\n", &blockno);
mark_zone(blockno);
badblocks++;
}
if(badblocks) {
printf("%d bad block%s\n", badblocks, (badblocks>1)?"s":"");
}
}
int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
int i;
char * tmp;
struct stat statbuf;
char * listfile = NULL;
if (argc && *argv)
program_name = *argv;
if (INODE_SIZE * MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK != BLOCK_SIZE)
die("bad inode size");
while (argc-- > 1) {
argv++;
if (argv[0][0] != '-')
if (device_name) {
BLOCKS = strtol(argv[0],&tmp,0);
if (*tmp) {
printf("strtol error: number of"
" blocks not specified");
usage();
}
} else
device_name = argv[0];
else {
if(argv[0][1] == 'l') {
listfile = argv[1];
argv++;
if (!(argc--))
usage();
} else {
if(argv[0][1] == 'i') {
req_nr_inodes
= (unsigned long)atol(argv[1]);
argv++;
if (!(argc--))
usage();
} else while (*(++argv[0])) {
switch (argv[0][0]) {
case 'c': check=1; break;
case 'n':
i = strtoul(argv[0]+1,&tmp,0);
if (*tmp)
usage();
argv[0][1] = '\0';
if (i == 14)
magic = MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC;
else if (i == 30)
magic = MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC2;
else
usage();
namelen = i;
dirsize = i+2;
break;
default: usage();
}
}
}
}
}
if (!device_name || BLOCKS<10 || BLOCKS > 65536) {
usage();
}
check_mount(); /* is it already mounted? */
tmp = root_block;
tmp[0] = 1;
tmp[1] = 0;
strcpy(tmp+2,".");
tmp += dirsize;
tmp[0] = 1;
tmp[1] = 0;
strcpy(tmp+2,"..");
tmp += dirsize;
tmp[0] = 2;
tmp[1] = 0;
strcpy(tmp+2,".badblocks");
DEV = open(device_name,O_RDWR );
if (DEV<0)
die("unable to open %s");
if (fstat(DEV,&statbuf)<0)
die("unable to stat %s");
if (!S_ISBLK(statbuf.st_mode))
check=0;
else if (statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0300 || statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0340)
die("Will not try to make filesystem on '%s'");
setup_tables();
if (check)
check_blocks();
else if (listfile)
get_list_blocks(listfile);
make_root_inode();
make_bad_inode();
mark_good_blocks();
write_tables();
return 0;
}
