.\" Contents of this manual page is copied from GNU Coreutils
.\" info page at end of May 2012, with few additions such as
.\" examples and see also sections.
.TH SU "1" "May 2012" "util-linux" "User Commands"
.SH NAME
su \- run a shell with substitute user and group IDs
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B su
[options] [\-]
.I user
[args]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B su
allows one user to temporarily become another user. It runs a
command (often an interactive shell) with the real and effective user
ID, group ID, and supplemental groups of a given user.
.PP
If no user is given, the default is root, the super-user. The shell
to use is taken from user's passwd entry, or /bin/sh if none is
specified there. If user has a password,
.B su
prompts for the password unless run by a user with effective user ID
of zero (the super-user).
.PP
By default,
.B su
does not change the current directory. It sets the environment
variables HOME and SHELL from the password entry for user, and if
user is not the super-user, sets USER and LOGNAME to user. By
default, the shell is not a login shell.
.PP
Any additional
.I args
are passed as additional arguments to the shell.
.PP
.B su
does not treat /bin/sh or any other shells specially (e.g., by
setting argv[0] to -su, passing -c only to certain shells, etc.).
.PP
.B su
can optionally be compiled to use syslog to report failed, and
optionally successful,
.B su
attempts. (If the system supports syslog.)
.PP
This implementation of
.B su
does not check if the user is a member of the wheel group.
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-command\fR [\fIcommand\fR]
Pass command, a single command line to run, to the shell with a
.I \-c
option instead of starting an interactive shell.
.TP
\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-fast\fR
Pass the
.I \-f
option to the shell. This probably only makes sense if the shell run
is csh or tcsh, for which the
.I \-f
option prevents reading the startup file (.cshrc). With Bourne-like
shells, the
.I -f
option disables file name pattern expansion (globbing), which is not
likely to be useful.
.TP
\fB\-\fR, \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR
Make the shell a login shell. This means the following. Unset all
environment variables except TERM, HOME, and SHELL (which are set as
described above), and USER and LOGNAME (which are set, even for the
super-user, as described above), and set PATH to a compiled-in
default value. Change to user's home directory. Prepend '\-' to the
shell's name, intended to make it read its login startup file(s).
.TP
\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR
Do not change the environment variables HOME, USER, LOGNAME, or
SHELL. Run the shell given in the environment variable SHELL instead
of the shell from user's passwd entry, unless the user running
.B su
is not the super-user and user's shell is restricted. A restricted
shell is one that is not listed in the file /etc/shells, or in a
compiled-in list if that file does not exist. Parts of what this
option does can be overridden by
.I \-\-login
and
.IR \-\-shell .
.TP
\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR [\fIshell\fR]
Run shell instead of the shell from user's passwd entry, unless the
user running
.B su
is not the super-user and user's shell is restricted (see
.I -m
just above).
.SH EXAMPLES
.TP
.B su \ \-m \ nobody \ \-c 'ls -l'
Run ls as nobody user. Notice that \-m is required since user nobody
does not have a valid shell by default.
.TP
.B su \ \-l fred
.TQ
.B su \ \- fred
Simulate a login for user fred.
.TP
.B su \ \-
.br
Simulate a login for root.
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
In common case
.B su
will exit with status of the subshell. See other possibilities
below.
.PP
.RS
.PD 0
.TP
.B 0
success
.TP
.B 1
system and authentication errors
.TP
.B 126
subshell is found but cannot be invoked
.TP
.B 127
subshell cannot be found
.PD
.RE
.SH FILES
.TP
.B /etc/pam.d/su
PAM configuration for
.BR su .
.SH AUTHORS
.MT djm@gnu.ai.mit.edu
David MacKenzie
.ME
.br
.MT jim@meyering.net
Jim Meyering
.ME
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR login (1),
.BR passwd (5),
.BR sudo (8),
.BR syslogd (8)
.SH AVAILABILITY
The example command is part of the util-linux package and is
available from
.UR ftp://\:ftp.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
Linux Kernel Archive
.UE .
