setpriv: run a program with different Linux privilege settings

This new command can set no_new_privs, uid, gid, groups, securebits,
inheritable caps, the cap bounding set, securebits, and selinux and
apparmor labels.

[kerolasa@iki.fi: a lot of small adjustment making the command to be good
fit to util-linux project]

Signed-off-by: Sami Kerola <kerolasa@iki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>

1 files changed, 814 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/sys-utils/setpriv.c b/sys-utils/setpriv.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1662daf87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys-utils/setpriv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,814 @@
+/*
+ * setpriv(1) - set various kernel privilege bits and run something
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+ * Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
+ * later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+ * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ */
+
+#include <cap-ng.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <grp.h>
+#include <linux/securebits.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "bitops.h"
+#include "c.h"
+#include "closestream.h"
+#include "nls.h"
+#include "optutils.h"
+#include "strutils.h"
+#include "xalloc.h"
+
+#ifndef PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
+# define PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS 38
+#endif
+#ifndef PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
+# define PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS 39
+#endif
+
+#define SETPRIV_EXIT_PRIVERR 127	/* how we exit when we fail to set privs */
+
+/*
+ * Note: We are subject to https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=895105
+ * and we will therefore have problems if new capabilities are added.  Once
+ * that bug is fixed, I'll (Andy Lutomirski) submit a corresponding fix to
+ * setpriv.  In the mean time, the code here tries to work reasonably well.
+ */
+
+struct privctx {
+	/* bit arrays -- see include/bitops.h */
+	unsigned int
+		nnp:1,			/* no_new_privs */
+		have_ruid:1,		/* real uid */
+		have_euid:1,		/* effective uid */
+		have_rgid:1,		/* real gid */
+		have_egid:1,		/* effective gid */
+		have_groups:1,		/* add groups */
+		keep_groups:1,		/* keep groups */
+		clear_groups:1,		/* remove groups */
+		have_securebits:1;	/* remove groups */
+
+	/* uids and gids */
+	uid_t ruid, euid;
+	gid_t rgid, egid;
+
+	/* supplementary groups */
+	size_t num_groups;
+	gid_t *groups;
+
+	/* caps */
+	const char *caps_to_inherit;
+	const char *bounding_set;
+
+	/* securebits */
+	int securebits;
+
+	/* LSMs */
+	const char *selinux_label;
+	const char *apparmor_profile;
+};
+
+static void __attribute__((__noreturn__)) usage(FILE *out)
+{
+	fputs(USAGE_HEADER, out);
+	fprintf(out, _(" %s [options] <program> [args...]\n"), program_invocation_short_name);
+	fputs(USAGE_OPTIONS, out);
+	fputs(_(" -d, --dump               show current state (and do not exec anything)\n"), out);
+	fputs(_(" --nnp, --no-new-privs    disallow granting new privileges\n"), out);
+	fputs(_(" --inh-caps <caps,...>    set inheritable capabilities\n"), out);
+	fputs(_(" --bounding-set <caps>    set capability bounding set\n"), out);
+	fputs(_(" --ruid <uid>             set real uid\n"), out);
+	fputs(_(" --euid <uid>             set effective uid\n"), out);
+	fputs(_(" --rgid <gid>             set real gid\n"), out);
+	fputs(_(" --egid <gid>             set effective gid\n"), out);
+	fputs(_(" --reuid <uid>            set real and effective uid\n"), out);
+	fputs(_(" --regid <gid>            set real and effective gid\n"), out);
+	fputs(_(" --clear-groups           clear supplementary groups\n"), out);
+	fputs(_(" --keep-groups            keep supplementary groups\n"), out);
+	fputs(_(" --groups <group,...>     set supplementary groups\n"), out);
+	fputs(_(" --securebits <bits>      set securebits\n"), out);
+	fputs(_(" --selinux-label <label>  set SELinux label (requires process:transition)\n"), out);
+	fputs(_(" --apparmor-profile <pr>  set AppArmor profile (requires onexec permission)\n"), out);
+	fputs(USAGE_SEPARATOR, out);
+	fputs(USAGE_HELP, out);
+	fputs(USAGE_VERSION, out);
+	fputs(USAGE_SEPARATOR, out);
+	fputs(_(" This tool can be dangerous.  Read the manpage, and be careful.\n"), out);
+	fprintf(out, USAGE_MAN_TAIL("setpriv(1)"));
+
+	exit(out == stderr ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+static int real_cap_last_cap(void)
+{
+	/* CAP_LAST_CAP is untrustworthy. */
+	static int ret = -1;
+	int matched;
+	FILE *f;
+
+	if (ret != -1)
+		return ret;
+
+	f = fopen("/proc/sys/kernel/cap_last_cap", "r");
+	if (!f) {
+		ret = CAP_LAST_CAP;	/* guess */
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	matched = fscanf(f, "%d", &ret);
+	fclose(f);
+
+	if (matched != 1)
+		ret = CAP_LAST_CAP;	/* guess */
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* Returns the number of capabilities printed. */
+static int print_caps(FILE *f, capng_type_t which)
+{
+	int i, n = 0, max = real_cap_last_cap();
+
+	for (i = 0; i <= max; i++) {
+		if (capng_have_capability(which, i)) {
+			const char *name = capng_capability_to_name(i);
+			if (n)
+				fputc(',', f);
+			if (name)
+				fputs(name, f);
+			else
+				/* cap-ng has very poor handling of
+				 * CAP_LAST_CAP changes.  This is the
+				 * best we can do. */
+				printf("cap_%d", i);
+			n++;
+		}
+	}
+	return n;
+}
+
+static void dump_one_secbit(int *first, int *bits, int bit, const char *name)
+{
+	if (*bits & bit) {
+		if (!*first)
+			printf(",");
+		else
+			*first = 0;
+		fputs(name, stdout);
+		*bits &= ~bit;
+	}
+}
+
+static void dump_securebits(void)
+{
+	int first = 1;
+	int bits = prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+
+	if (bits < 0) {
+		warnx(_("getting process secure bits failed"));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	printf(_("Securebits: "));
+
+	dump_one_secbit(&first, &bits, SECBIT_NOROOT, "noroot");
+	dump_one_secbit(&first, &bits, SECBIT_NOROOT_LOCKED, "noroot_locked");
+	dump_one_secbit(&first, &bits, SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP,
+			"no_setuid_fixup");
+	dump_one_secbit(&first, &bits, SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP_LOCKED,
+			"no_setuid_fixup_locked");
+	bits &= ~SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS;
+	dump_one_secbit(&first, &bits, SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS_LOCKED,
+			"keep_caps_locked");
+	if (bits) {
+		if (!first)
+			printf(",");
+		else
+			first = 0;
+		printf("0x%x", (unsigned)bits);
+	}
+
+	if (first)
+		printf(_("[none]\n"));
+	else
+		printf("\n");
+}
+
+static void dump_label(const char *name)
+{
+	char buf[4097];
+	ssize_t len;
+	int fd, e;
+
+	fd = open("/proc/self/attr/current", O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd == -1) {
+		warnx(_("cannot open %s"), "/proc/self/attr/current");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	len = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	e = errno;
+	close(fd);
+	if (len < 0) {
+		errno = e;
+		warnx(_("read failed: %s"), name);
+		return;
+	}
+	if (sizeof(buf) - 1 <= (size_t)len) {
+		warnx(_("%s: too long"), name);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	buf[len] = 0;
+	if (0 < len && buf[len - 1] == '\n')
+		buf[len - 1] = 0;
+	printf("%s: %s\n", name, buf);
+}
+
+static void dump_groups(void)
+{
+	int n = getgroups(0, 0);
+	gid_t *groups;
+	if (n < 0) {
+		warn("getgroups failed");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	groups = alloca(n * sizeof(gid_t));
+	n = getgroups(n, groups);
+	if (n < 0) {
+		warn("getgroups failed");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	printf(_("Supplementary groups: "));
+	if (n == 0)
+		printf(_("[none]"));
+	else {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+			if (0 < i)
+				printf(",");
+			printf("%ld", (long)groups[i]);
+		}
+	}
+	printf("\n");
+}
+
+static void dump(int dumplevel)
+{
+	int x;
+	uid_t ru, eu, su;
+	gid_t rg, eg, sg;
+
+	if (getresuid(&ru, &eu, &su) == 0) {
+		printf(_("uid: %u\n"), ru);
+		printf(_("euid: %u\n"), eu);
+		/* Saved and fs uids always equal euid. */
+		if (3 <= dumplevel)
+			printf(_("suid: %u\n"), su);
+	} else
+		warn(_("getresuid failed"));
+
+	if (getresgid(&rg, &eg, &sg) == 0) {
+		printf("gid: %ld\n", (long)rg);
+		printf("egid: %ld\n", (long)eg);
+		/* Saved and fs gids always equal egid. */
+		if (dumplevel >= 3)
+			printf("sgid: %ld\n", (long)sg);
+	} else
+		warn(_("getresgid failed"));
+
+	dump_groups();
+
+	x = prctl(PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+	if (0 <= x)
+		printf("no_new_privs: %d\n", x);
+	else
+		warn("setting no_new_privs failed");
+
+	if (2 <= dumplevel) {
+		printf(_("Effective capabilities: "));
+		if (print_caps(stdout, CAPNG_EFFECTIVE) == 0)
+			printf(_("[none]"));
+		printf("\n");
+
+		printf(_("Permitted capabilities: "));
+		if (print_caps(stdout, CAPNG_PERMITTED) == 0)
+			printf(_("[none]"));
+		printf("\n");
+	}
+
+	printf(_("Inheritable capabilities: "));
+	if (print_caps(stdout, CAPNG_INHERITABLE) == 0)
+		printf(_("[none]"));
+	printf("\n");
+
+	printf(_("Capability bounding set: "));
+	if (print_caps(stdout, CAPNG_BOUNDING_SET) == 0)
+		printf(_("[none]"));
+	printf("\n");
+
+	dump_securebits();
+
+	if (access("/sys/fs/selinux", F_OK) == 0)
+		dump_label(_("SELinux label"));
+
+	if (access("/sys/kernel/security/apparmor", F_OK) == 0) {
+		dump_label(_("AppArmor profile"));
+	}
+}
+
+static void list_known_caps(void)
+{
+	int i, max = real_cap_last_cap();
+
+	for (i = 0; i <= max; i++) {
+		const char *name = capng_capability_to_name(i);
+		if (name)
+			printf("%s\n", name);
+		else
+			warnx(_("cap %d: libcap-ng is broken"), i);
+	}
+}
+
+static void parse_groups(struct privctx *opts, const char *str)
+{
+	char *groups = xstrdup(str);
+	char *buf = groups;	/* We'll reuse it */
+	char *c;
+	size_t i = 0;
+
+	opts->have_groups = 1;
+	opts->num_groups = 0;
+	while ((c = strsep(&groups, ",")))
+		opts->num_groups++;
+
+	/* Start again */
+	strcpy(buf, str);	/* It's exactly the right length */
+	groups = buf;
+
+	opts->groups = xcalloc(opts->num_groups, sizeof(gid_t));
+	while ((c = strsep(&groups, ",")))
+		opts->groups[i++] = (gid_t) strtol_or_err(c,
+							  _("Invalid supplementary group id"));
+
+	free(groups);
+}
+
+static void do_setresuid(const struct privctx *opts)
+{
+	uid_t ruid, euid, suid;
+	if (getresuid(&ruid, &euid, &suid) != 0)
+		err(SETPRIV_EXIT_PRIVERR, _("getresuid failed"));
+	if (opts->have_ruid)
+		ruid = opts->ruid;
+	if (opts->have_euid)
+		euid = opts->euid;
+
+	/* Also copy effective to saved (for paranoia). */
+	if (setresuid(ruid, euid, euid) != 0)
+		err(SETPRIV_EXIT_PRIVERR, _("setresuid failed"));
+}
+
+static void do_setresgid(const struct privctx *opts)
+{
+	gid_t rgid, egid, sgid;
+	if (getresgid(&rgid, &egid, &sgid) != 0)
+		err(SETPRIV_EXIT_PRIVERR, _("getresgid failed"));
+	if (opts->have_rgid)
+		rgid = opts->rgid;
+	if (opts->have_egid)
+		egid = opts->egid;
+
+	/* Also copy effective to saved (for paranoia). */
+	if (setresgid(rgid, egid, egid) != 0)
+		err(SETPRIV_EXIT_PRIVERR, _("setresgid failed"));
+}
+
+static void bump_cap(unsigned int cap)
+{
+	if (capng_have_capability(CAPNG_PERMITTED, cap))
+		capng_update(CAPNG_ADD, CAPNG_EFFECTIVE, cap);
+}
+
+static void do_caps(capng_type_t type, const char *caps)
+{
+	char *my_caps = xstrdup(caps);
+	char *c;
+
+	while ((c = strsep(&my_caps, ","))) {
+		capng_act_t action;
+		if (*c == '+')
+			action = CAPNG_ADD;
+		else if (*c == '-')
+			action = CAPNG_DROP;
+		else
+			errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("bad capability string"));
+
+		if (!strcmp(c + 1, "all")) {
+			int i;
+			/* It would be really bad if -all didn't drop all
+			 * caps.  It's better to just fail. */
+			if (real_cap_last_cap() > CAP_LAST_CAP)
+				errx(SETPRIV_EXIT_PRIVERR,
+				     _("libcap-ng is too old for \"all\" caps"));
+			for (i = 0; i <= CAP_LAST_CAP; i++)
+				capng_update(action, type, i);
+		} else {
+			int cap = capng_name_to_capability(c + 1);
+			if (0 <= cap)
+				capng_update(action, type, cap);
+			else
+				errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
+				     _("unknown capability \"%s\""), c + 1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	free(my_caps);
+}
+
+static void parse_securebits(struct privctx *opts, const char *arg)
+{
+	char *buf = xstrdup(arg);
+	char *c;
+
+	opts->have_securebits = 1;
+	opts->securebits = prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+	if (opts->securebits < 0)
+		err(SETPRIV_EXIT_PRIVERR, _("getting process secure bits failed"));
+
+	if (opts->securebits & ~(int)(SECBIT_NOROOT |
+				      SECBIT_NOROOT_LOCKED |
+				      SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP |
+				      SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP_LOCKED |
+				      SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS |
+				      SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS_LOCKED))
+		errx(SETPRIV_EXIT_PRIVERR,
+		     _("unrecognized securebit set -- refusing to adjust"));
+
+	while ((c = strsep(&buf, ","))) {
+		if (*c != '+' && *c != '-')
+			errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("bad securebits string"));
+
+		if (!strcmp(c + 1, "all")) {
+			if (*c == '-')
+				opts->securebits = 0;
+			else
+				errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
+				     _("+all securebits is not allowed"));
+		} else {
+			int bit;
+			if (!strcmp(c + 1, "noroot"))
+				bit = SECBIT_NOROOT;
+			else if (!strcmp(c + 1, "noroot_locked"))
+				bit = SECBIT_NOROOT_LOCKED;
+			else if (!strcmp(c + 1, "no_setuid_fixup"))
+				bit = SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP;
+			else if (!strcmp(c + 1, "no_setuid_fixup_locked"))
+				bit = SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP_LOCKED;
+			else if (!strcmp(c + 1, "keep_caps"))
+				errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
+				     _("adjusting keep_caps does not make sense"));
+			else if (!strcmp(c + 1, "keep_caps_locked"))
+				bit = SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS_LOCKED;	/* sigh */
+			else
+				errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("unrecognized securebit"));
+
+			if (*c == '+')
+				opts->securebits |= bit;
+			else
+				opts->securebits &= ~bit;
+		}
+	}
+
+	opts->securebits |= SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS;	/* We need it, and it's reset on exec */
+
+	free(buf);
+}
+
+static void do_selinux_label(const char *label)
+{
+	int fd;
+	size_t len;
+
+	if (access("/sys/fs/selinux", F_OK) != 0)
+		errx(SETPRIV_EXIT_PRIVERR, _("SELinux is not running"));
+
+	fd = open("/proc/self/attr/exec", O_RDWR);
+	if (fd == -1)
+		err(SETPRIV_EXIT_PRIVERR,
+		    _("cannot open %s"), "/proc/self/attr/exec");
+
+	len = strlen(label);
+	errno = 0;
+	if (write(fd, label, len) != (ssize_t) len)
+		err(SETPRIV_EXIT_PRIVERR,
+		    _("write failed: %s"), "/proc/self/attr/exec");
+
+	close(fd);
+}
+
+static void do_apparmor_profile(const char *label)
+{
+	FILE *f;
+
+	if (access("/sys/kernel/security/apparmor", F_OK) != 0)
+		errx(SETPRIV_EXIT_PRIVERR, _("AppArmor is not running"));
+
+	f = fopen("/proc/self/attr/exec", "wx");
+	if (!f)
+		err(SETPRIV_EXIT_PRIVERR,
+		    _("cannot open %s"), "/proc/self/attr/exec");
+
+	if (fprintf(f, "changeprofile %s", label) < 0 || fflush(f) != 0
+	    || fclose(f) != 0)
+		err(SETPRIV_EXIT_PRIVERR,
+		    _("write failed: %s"), "/proc/self/attr/exec");
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	enum {
+		NNP = CHAR_MAX + 1,
+		RUID,
+		EUID,
+		RGID,
+		EGID,
+		REUID,
+		REGID,
+		CLEAR_GROUPS,
+		KEEP_GROUPS,
+		GROUPS,
+		INHCAPS,
+		LISTCAPS,
+		CAPBSET,
+		SECUREBITS,
+		SELINUX_LABEL,
+		APPARMOR_PROFILE
+	};
+
+	static const struct option longopts[] = {
+		{"dump", no_argument, 0, 'd'},
+		{"nnp", no_argument, 0, NNP},
+		{"no-new-privs", no_argument, 0, NNP},
+		{"inh-caps", required_argument, 0, INHCAPS},
+		{"list-caps", no_argument, 0, LISTCAPS},
+		{"ruid", required_argument, 0, RUID},
+		{"euid", required_argument, 0, EUID},
+		{"rgid", required_argument, 0, RGID},
+		{"egid", required_argument, 0, EGID},
+		{"reuid", required_argument, 0, REUID},
+		{"regid", required_argument, 0, REGID},
+		{"clear-groups", no_argument, 0, CLEAR_GROUPS},
+		{"keep-groups", no_argument, 0, KEEP_GROUPS},
+		{"groups", required_argument, 0, GROUPS},
+		{"bounding-set", required_argument, 0, CAPBSET},
+		{"securebits", required_argument, 0, SECUREBITS},
+		{"selinux-label", required_argument, 0, SELINUX_LABEL},
+		{"apparmor-profile", required_argument, 0, APPARMOR_PROFILE},
+		{"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
+		{"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
+		{NULL, 0, 0, 0}
+	};
+
+	static const ul_excl_t excl[] = {
+		/* keep in same order with enum definitions */
+		{CLEAR_GROUPS, KEEP_GROUPS, GROUPS},
+		{0}
+	};
+	int excl_st[ARRAY_SIZE(excl)] = UL_EXCL_STATUS_INIT;
+
+	int c;
+	struct privctx opts;
+	int dumplevel = 0;
+	int total_opts = 0;
+	int list_caps = 0;
+
+	setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, "");
+	bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
+	textdomain(PACKAGE);
+	atexit(close_stdout);
+
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+
+	while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+dhV", longopts, NULL)) != -1) {
+		err_exclusive_options(c, longopts, excl, excl_st);
+		total_opts++;
+		switch (c) {
+		case 'd':
+			dumplevel++;
+			break;
+		case NNP:
+			if (opts.nnp)
+				errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
+				     _("duplicate --no-new-privs option"));
+			opts.nnp = 1;
+			break;
+		case RUID:
+			if (opts.have_ruid)
+				errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("duplicate ruid"));
+			opts.have_ruid = 1;
+			opts.ruid = strtol_or_err(optarg,
+						  _("failed to parse ruid"));
+			break;
+		case EUID:
+			if (opts.have_euid)
+				errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("duplicate euid"));
+			opts.have_euid = 1;
+			opts.euid = strtol_or_err(optarg,
+						  _("failed to parse euid"));
+			break;
+		case REUID:
+			if (opts.have_ruid || opts.have_euid)
+				errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("duplicate ruid or euid"));
+			opts.have_ruid = opts.have_euid = 1;
+			opts.ruid = opts.euid = strtol_or_err(optarg,
+							      _("failed to parse reuid"));
+			break;
+		case RGID:
+			if (opts.have_rgid)
+				errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("duplicate rgid"));
+			opts.have_rgid = 1;
+			opts.rgid = strtol_or_err(optarg,
+						  _("failed to parse rgid"));
+			break;
+		case EGID:
+			if (opts.have_egid)
+				errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("duplicate egid"));
+			opts.have_egid = 1;
+			opts.egid = strtol_or_err(optarg,
+						  _("failed to parse egid"));
+			break;
+		case REGID:
+			if (opts.have_rgid || opts.have_egid)
+				errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("duplicate rgid or egid"));
+			opts.have_rgid = opts.have_egid = 1;
+			opts.rgid = opts.egid = strtol_or_err(optarg,
+							      _("failed to parse regid"));
+			break;
+		case CLEAR_GROUPS:
+			if (opts.clear_groups)
+				errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
+				     _("duplicate --clear-groups option"));
+			opts.clear_groups = 1;
+			break;
+		case KEEP_GROUPS:
+			if (opts.keep_groups)
+				errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
+				     _("duplicate --keep-groups option"));
+			opts.keep_groups = 1;
+			break;
+		case GROUPS:
+			if (opts.have_groups)
+				errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
+				     _("duplicate --groups option"));
+			parse_groups(&opts, optarg);
+			break;
+		case LISTCAPS:
+			list_caps = 1;
+			break;
+		case INHCAPS:
+			if (opts.caps_to_inherit)
+				errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
+				     _("duplicate --caps option"));
+			opts.caps_to_inherit = optarg;
+			break;
+		case CAPBSET:
+			if (opts.bounding_set)
+				errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
+				     _("duplicate --bounding-set option"));
+			opts.bounding_set = optarg;
+			break;
+		case SECUREBITS:
+			if (opts.have_securebits)
+				errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
+				     _("duplicate --securebits option"));
+			parse_securebits(&opts, optarg);
+			break;
+		case SELINUX_LABEL:
+			if (opts.selinux_label)
+				errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
+				     _("duplicate --selinux-label option"));
+			opts.selinux_label = optarg;
+			break;
+		case APPARMOR_PROFILE:
+			if (opts.apparmor_profile)
+				errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
+				     _("duplicate --apparmor-profile option"));
+			opts.apparmor_profile = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'h':
+			usage(stdout);
+		case 'V':
+			printf(UTIL_LINUX_VERSION);
+			return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+		case '?':
+			usage(stderr);
+		default:
+			errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("unrecognized option '%c'"), c);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (dumplevel) {
+		if (total_opts != dumplevel || optind < argc)
+			errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
+			     _("--dump is incompatible with all other options"));
+		dump(dumplevel);
+		return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	if (list_caps) {
+		if (total_opts != 1 || optind < argc)
+			errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
+			     _("--list-caps must be specified alone"));
+		list_known_caps();
+		return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	if (argc <= optind)
+		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("No program specified"));
+
+	if ((opts.have_rgid || opts.have_egid)
+	    && !opts.keep_groups && !opts.clear_groups && !opts.have_groups)
+		errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
+		     _("--[re]gid requires --keep-groups, --clear-groups, or --groups"));
+
+	if (opts.nnp)
+		if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0) == -1)
+			err(EXIT_FAILURE, _("disallow granting new privileges failed"));
+
+	if (opts.selinux_label)
+		do_selinux_label(opts.selinux_label);
+	if (opts.apparmor_profile)
+		do_apparmor_profile(opts.apparmor_profile);
+
+	if (prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS, 1, 0, 0, 0) == -1)
+		err(EXIT_FAILURE, _("keep process capabilities failed"));
+
+	/* We're going to want CAP_SETPCAP, CAP_SETUID, and CAP_SETGID if
+	 * possible.  */
+	bump_cap(CAP_SETPCAP);
+	bump_cap(CAP_SETUID);
+	bump_cap(CAP_SETGID);
+	if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_CAPS) != 0)
+		err(SETPRIV_EXIT_PRIVERR, _("activate capabilities"));
+
+	if (opts.have_ruid || opts.have_euid) {
+		do_setresuid(&opts);
+		/* KEEPCAPS doesn't work for the effective mask. */
+		if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_CAPS) != 0)
+			err(SETPRIV_EXIT_PRIVERR, _("reactivate capabilities"));
+	}
+
+	if (opts.have_rgid || opts.have_egid)
+		do_setresgid(&opts);
+
+	if (opts.have_groups) {
+		if (setgroups(opts.num_groups, opts.groups) != 0)
+			err(SETPRIV_EXIT_PRIVERR, _("setgroups failed"));
+	} else if (opts.clear_groups) {
+		gid_t x = 0;
+		if (setgroups(0, &x) != 0)
+			err(SETPRIV_EXIT_PRIVERR, _("setgroups failed"));
+	}
+
+	if (opts.have_securebits)
+		if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, opts.securebits, 0, 0, 0) != 0)
+			err(SETPRIV_EXIT_PRIVERR, _("set procecess securebits failed"));
+
+	if (opts.bounding_set) {
+		do_caps(CAPNG_BOUNDING_SET, opts.bounding_set);
+		errno = EPERM;	/* capng doesn't set errno if we're missing CAP_SETPCAP */
+		if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOUNDS) != 0)
+			err(SETPRIV_EXIT_PRIVERR, _("apply bounding set"));
+	}
+
+	if (opts.caps_to_inherit) {
+		do_caps(CAPNG_INHERITABLE, opts.caps_to_inherit);
+		if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_CAPS) != 0)
+			err(SETPRIV_EXIT_PRIVERR, _("apply capabilities"));
+	}
+
+	execvp(argv[optind], argv + optind);
+
+	err(EXIT_FAILURE, _("cannot execute: %s"), argv[optind]);
+}